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Galli R, Uckermann O. Vibrational spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy for label-free visualization of nervous system degeneration and regeneration. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:219-235. [PMID: 38737209 PMCID: PMC11078905 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes. Label-free multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as coherent Raman scattering, two-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation microscopy, have emerged as powerful tools for visualizing nervous tissue with high resolution and without the need for exogenous labels. Coherent Raman scattering processes as well as third harmonic generation enable label-free visualization of myelin sheaths, while their combination with two-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation allows for a more comprehensive tissue visualization. They have shown promise in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and may have future applications in clinical diagnostics. In addition to multiphoton microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy offer insights into the molecular signatures of injured nervous tissues and hold potential as diagnostic markers. This review summarizes the application of these label-free optical techniques in preclinical models and illustrates their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders with a special focus on injury, degeneration, and regeneration. Furthermore, it addresses current advancements and challenges for bridging the gap between research findings and their practical applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Huang W, Zhao S, Liu H, Pan M, Dong H. The Role of Protein Degradation in Estimation Postmortem Interval and Confirmation of Cause of Death in Forensic Pathology: A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1659. [PMID: 38338938 PMCID: PMC10855206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that proteins are important bio-macromolecules in human organisms, and numerous proteins are widely used in the clinical practice, whereas their application in forensic science is currently limited. This limitation is mainly attributed to the postmortem degradation of targeted proteins, which can significantly impact final conclusions. In the last decade, numerous methods have been established to detect the protein from a forensic perspective, and some of the postmortem proteins have been applied in forensic practice. To better understand the emerging issues and challenges in postmortem proteins, we have reviewed the current application of protein technologies at postmortem in forensic practice. Meanwhile, we discuss the application of proteins in identifying the cause of death, and postmortem interval (PMI). Finally, we highlight the interpretability and limitations of postmortem protein challenges. We believe that utilizing the multi-omics method can enhance the comprehensiveness of applying proteins in forensic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Shuquan Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Huine Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Meichen Pan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
| | - Hongmei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Hankou, Wuhan 430030, China; (W.H.)
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Ustaoglu SG, Ali MHM, Rakib F, Blezer ELA, Van Heijningen CL, Dijkhuizen RM, Severcan F. Biomolecular changes and subsequent time-dependent recovery in hippocampal tissue after experimental mild traumatic brain injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12468. [PMID: 34127773 PMCID: PMC8203626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92015-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the main cause of disability and mortality in individuals under the age of 45 years. Elucidation of the molecular and structural alterations in brain tissue due to TBI is crucial to understand secondary and long-term effects after traumatic brain injury, and to develop and apply the correct therapies. In the current study, the molecular effects of TBI were investigated in rat brain at 24 h and 1 month after the injury to determine acute and chronic effects, respectively by Fourier transform infrared imaging. This study reports the time-dependent contextual and structural effects of TBI on hippocampal brain tissue. A mild form of TBI was induced in 11-week old male Sprague Dawley rats by weight drop. Band area and intensity ratios, band frequency and bandwidth values of specific spectral bands showed that TBI causes significant structural and contextual global changes including decrease in carbonyl content, unsaturated lipid content, lipid acyl chain length, membrane lipid order, total protein content, lipid/protein ratio, besides increase in membrane fluidity with an altered protein secondary structure and metabolic activity in hippocampus 24 h after injury. However, improvement and/or recovery effects in these parameters were observed at one month after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Garip Ustaoglu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mohamed H M Ali
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Fazle Rakib
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Erwin L A Blezer
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline L Van Heijningen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick M Dijkhuizen
- Biomedical MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Group, Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Feride Severcan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Altinbas University, Bakirkoy, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Identifying muscle hemorrhage in rat cadavers with advanced decomposition by FT-IR microspectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 47:101748. [PMID: 32682296 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The identification of muscle hemorrhage in a cadaver that is in an advanced stage of decomposition is an important but challenging task. Our study investigated whether Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microspectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics could identify muscle hemorrhage using rat cadavers with advanced decomposition. In this study, an intramuscular blood injection method, instead of a mechanical injury method, was used to construct a muscle hemorrhage model, and the modeling idea of muscle hemorrhage identification was to discriminate and classify hemoglobin-leaking myofibrils from negative myofibrils. First, the optical images of hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) stained hemorrhagic muscle at different postmortem intervals (PMIs) were observed and showed that the morphological features of whole erythrocytes disappeared since the PMI of 4 d. Subsequently, principle component analysis (PCA) was performed and indicated that the biochemical differences in protein structures between fresh erythrocytes and myofibrils can be detected by the IR spectroscopic method. Ultimately, several classification models based on the partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm were successfully constructed for different PMIs and PMI ranges and achieved great prediction performances in external validations. This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility of using FT-IR microspectroscopy combined with chemometrics as a potential approach for identifying muscle hemorrhage in cadavers with advanced decomposition for offering vital evidences in judicial process.
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Wang F, Yang T, Li J, Zhou X, Liu L. Histopathology mapping of biochemical changes in diffuse axonal injury by FTIR micro-spectroscopy. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2019; 37:76-82. [PMID: 30772767 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is an important task in forensic pathology and clinical medicine. This study aimed to explore the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect DAI. The DAI area of the rat model was detected point by point by the FTIR-mapping system. Infrared spectral data of DAI were obtained by selecting the amide A band, CH3 symmetric stretching, collagen triple-helix structure and asymmetric stretching vibrational frequency of nucleic acid and phospholipid PO2 as the target peak positions. The system can automatically draw infrared spectral color pathological images. In the DAI group, the amide A protein secondary amine N-H stretching vibration and the collagen triple-helix structure of the high-absorption area were consistent with the DAI area confirmed by the silver and β-APP staining. The CH3 symmetric stretching, nucleic acid and phospholipid PO2 symmetric stretching vibration absorption spectra showed no significant differences between the experimental and verification groups. The FTIR-mapping technique can visually express the molecular characteristics of DAI, which is expected to be applied to the pathological diagnosis of DAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulei Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tiantong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Evidence Science, China University of Political Science and Law, Ministry of Education, 25 West Tucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jian Li
- Beijing People's Police College, 11 Nanjian Road, Changping District, Beijing 102202, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Chongxin Judicial Expertise Center (Hubei), F1-2, Zone B, Huazhong International Industrial Park, Yangluo Development Zone, Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei 430415, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Lin H, Luo Y, Wang L, Deng K, Sun Q, Fang R, Wei X, Zha S, Wang Z, Huang P. Identification of pulmonary edema in forensic autopsy cases of fatal anaphylactic shock using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:477-486. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Application of FTIR spectroscopy for traumatic axonal injury: a possible tool for estimating injury interval. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170720. [PMID: 28659494 PMCID: PMC5567294 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20170720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a progressive and secondary injury following
traumatic brain injury (TBI). Despite extensive investigations in the field of
forensic science and neurology, no effective methods are available to estimate
TAI interval between injury and death. In the present study, Fourier transform
IR (FTIR) spectroscopy with IR microscopy was applied to collect IR spectra in
the corpus callosum (CC) of rats subjected to TAI at 12, 24, and 72 h
post-injury compared with control animals. The classification amongst different
groups was visualized based on the acquired dataset using hierarchical cluster
analysis (HCA) and partial least square (PLS). Furthermore, the established PLS
models were used to predict injury interval of TAI in the unknown sample
dataset. The results showed that samples at different time points post-injury
were distinguishable from each other, and biochemical changes in protein, lipid,
and carbohydrate contributed to the differences. Then, the established PLS
models provided a satisfactory prediction of injury periods between different
sample groups in the external validation. The present study demonstrated the
great potential of FTIR-based PLS algorithm as an objective tool for estimating
injury intervals of TAI in the field of forensic science and neurology.
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Zhao J, Wang J. Uncovering the Sensitivity of Amide-II Vibration to Peptide–Ion Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9590-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Molecular Reaction
Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Molecular Reaction
Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Cattaneo C, Maderna E, Rendinelli A, Gibelli D. Animal experimentation in forensic sciences: How far have we come? Forensic Sci Int 2015. [PMID: 26216717 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the third millennium where ethical, ethological and cultural evolution seem to be leading more and more towards an inter-species society, the issue of animal experimentation is a moral dilemma. Speaking from a self-interested human perspective, avoiding all animal testing where human disease and therapy are concerned may be very difficult or even impossible; such testing may not be so easily justifiable when suffering-or killing-of non human animals is inflicted for forensic research. In order to verify how forensic scientists are evolving in this ethical issue, we undertook a systematic review of the current literature. We investigated the frequency of animal experimentation in forensic studies in the past 15 years and trends in publication in the main forensic science journals. Types of species, lesions inflicted, manner of sedation or anesthesia and euthanasia were examined in a total of 404 articles reviewed, among which 279 (69.1%) concerned studies involving animals sacrificed exclusively for the sake of the experiment. Killing still frequently includes painful methods such as blunt trauma, electrocution, mechanical asphyxia, hypothermia, and even exsanguination; of all these animals, apparently only 60.8% were anesthetized. The most recent call for a severe reduction if not a total halt to the use of animals in forensic sciences was made by Bernard Knight in 1992. In fact the principle of reduction and replacement, frequently respected in clinical research, must be considered the basis for forensic science research needing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cattaneo
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense Sezione di Medicina Legale Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - E Maderna
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense Sezione di Medicina Legale Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A Rendinelli
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense Sezione di Medicina Legale Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D Gibelli
- LABANOF, Laboratorio di Antropologia e Odontologia Forense Sezione di Medicina Legale Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute Università degli Studi di Milano, V. Mangiagalli 37, 20133 Milan, Italy
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