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Botero Rute LM, Caro-Quintero A, Acosta-González A. Enhancing the Conventional Culture: the Evaluation of Several Culture Media and Growth Conditions Improves the Isolation of Ruminal Bacteria. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 87:13. [PMID: 38082143 PMCID: PMC10713758 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The rumen microbiota is critical in cattle digestion. Still, its low cultivability makes it difficult to study its ecological function and biotechnological potential. To improve the recovery of ruminal microorganisms, this study combined the evaluation of several cultivation parameters with metabarcoding analysis. The parameters tested comprised eight media cultures, three sample dilutions (10-2, 10-6, 10-12), and two incubation times (3 and 7 days). Bacterial populations were determined through Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA from three biological replicates. The results indicate that none of the culture media recovered all rumen populations and that there was an altered relative abundance of the dominant phyla. In the rumen, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes comprised 75% and 15% of the relative abundance, respectively, while in the culture media, these were 15% and 60%, respectively. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of the bacterial community revealed significant shifts in population composition due to dilution, with 10-2 and 10-6 dilutions clustered closely while the 10-12 dilution differed markedly. In contrast, incubation duration did not influence population diversity. According to the results, two media, CAN and KNT, were selected based on their ability to recover more similar populations compared to the rumen sample. The metataxonomic study showed that CAN media had consistent reproducibility over time, while KNT showed enrichment of different taxa due to the use of rumen fluid as a substrate. From these, 64 pure cultures were obtained and 54 were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Being Streptococcus the most frequently isolated genus, this prevalence contrasts with the liquid media composition, underscoring the importance of refining single colony isolation strategies. Although no culture medium could replicate the native rumen bacterial population perfectly, our findings highlight the potential of CAN and KNT media in recovering populations that are more closely aligned to natural rumen conditions. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the importance of integrating molecular approaches in selecting suitable cultivation media and parameters to depict rumen bacteria accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Marcela Botero Rute
- AGROSAVIA, Km. 14 via Mosquera, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Maestría en Diseño y Gestión de Procesos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la Sabana, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Chia, 25001, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Caro-Quintero
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Alejandro Acosta-González
- Bioprospection Research Group (GIBP), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de La Sabana, Km. 7 Autopista Norte, Chia, 25001, Colombia
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Feed Clusters According to In Situ and In Vitro Ruminal Crude Protein Degradation. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020224. [PMID: 36670766 PMCID: PMC9855172 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective degradation (ED) of crude protein (CP) was estimated in vitro at 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 h−1 assumed ruminal passage rates for a total of 40 feedstuffs, for which in situ ED was available and used as reference degradation values. For this, the Streptomyces griseus protease test was used. The differences between in vitro CP degradation and the in situ CP degradation values were lowest in legume grains and highest in cereal by-products and barley. The differences between in situ and in vitro ED were expressed using a degradation quotient (degQ), where degQ = (EDin vitro − EDin situ)/EDin situ. Among the tested feedstuffs, eight specific clusters were identified according to degQ for the assumed passage rates. The feedstuffs clustered in an unspecific way, i.e., feedstuffs of different nutrient composition, origin or treatment did not necessarily group together. Formaldehyde−treated rapeseed meal, soybean meal, wheat, a treated lupin, sunflower meal and barley could not be assigned to any of the clusters. Groupwise degradation (range of degQ for assumed passage rates are given in brackets) was detected in grass silages (−0.17, −0.11), cereal by-products together with sugar beet pulp (−0.47, −0.35) and partly in legume grains (−0.14, 0.14). The clustering probably based on different specific nutrient composition and matrix effects that influence the solubility of feed protein and limit the performance of the protease. The matrix can be affected by treatment (chemically, thermally or mechanically), changing the chemical and physical structure of the protein within the plant. The S. griseus protease test had reliable sensitivity to reflect differences between native feedstuffs and treatments (thermally or chemically) that were found in situ. The in situ results, however, are mostly underestimated. The clustering results do not allow a clear conclusion on the groupwise or feed-specific use of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes as pre- or co-inoculants as part of the S. griseus protease test and need to be tested for its potential to make this test more conform with in situ data.
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Teklebrhan T, Tan Z, Jonker A. Diet containing sulfur shifted hydrogen metabolism from methanogenesis to alternative sink and influenced fermentation and gut microbial ecosystem of goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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de Carvalho FM, Valiatti TB, Santos FF, Silveira ACDO, Guimarães APC, Gerber AL, Souza CDO, Cassu Corsi D, Brasiliense DM, Castelo-Branco DDSCM, Anzai EK, Bessa-Neto FO, Guedes GMDM, de Souza GHDA, Lemos LN, Ferraz LFC, Bahia MDNM, Vaz MSM, da Silva RGB, Veiga R, Simionatto S, Monteiro WAP, Lima WADO, Kiffer CRV, Campos Pignatari AC, Cayô R, de Vasconcelos ATR, Gales AC. Exploring the Bacteriome and Resistome of Humans and Food-Producing Animals in Brazil. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0056522. [PMID: 35993730 PMCID: PMC9602611 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00565-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is complex, with multiple interfaces (human-animal-environment). In this context, One Health surveillance is essential for understanding the distribution of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). This report describes a multicentric study undertaken to evaluate the bacterial communities and resistomes of food-producing animals (cattle, poultry, and swine) and healthy humans sampled simultaneously from five Brazilian regions. Metagenomic analysis showed that a total of 21,029 unique species were identified in 107 rectal swabs collected from distinct hosts, the highest numbers of which belonged to the domain Bacteria, mainly Ruminiclostridium spp. and Bacteroides spp., and the order Enterobacterales. We detected 405 ARGs for 12 distinct antimicrobial classes. Genes encoding antibiotic-modifying enzymes were the most frequent, followed by genes related to target alteration and efflux systems. Interestingly, carbapenemase-encoding genes such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1 were identified in distinct hosts. Our results revealed that, in general, the bacterial communities from humans were present in isolated clusters, except for the Northeastern region, where an overlap of the bacterial species from humans and food-producing animals was observed. Additionally, a large resistome was observed among all analyzed hosts, with emphasis on the presence of carbapenemase-encoding genes not previously reported in Latin America. IMPORTANCE Humans and food production animals have been reported to be important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes (ARGs). The frequency of these multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria tends to be higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), due mainly to a lack of public health policies. Although studies on AMR in humans or animals have been carried out in Brazil, this is the first multicenter study that simultaneously collected rectal swabs from humans and food-producing animals for metagenomics. Our results indicate high microbial diversity among all analyzed hosts, and several ARGs for different antimicrobial classes were also found. As far as we know, we have detected for the first time ARGs encoding carbapenemases, such as blaAIM-1, blaCAM-1, blaGIM-2, and blaHMB-1, in Latin America. Thus, our results support the importance of metagenomics as a tool to track the colonization of food-producing animals and humans by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. In addition, a network surveillance system called GUARANI, created for this study, is ready to be expanded and to collect additional data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola Marques de Carvalho
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fernandes Santos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula C. Guimarães
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Lehmkuhl Gerber
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintya de Oliveira Souza
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Dandara Cassu Corsi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Murici Brasiliense
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Ozório Bessa-Neto
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Bacteriologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Morgana de Melo Guedes
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Nascimento Lemos
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, National Laboratory of Scientific Computing (LNCC), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Fábio Caldas Ferraz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, University São Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia de Nazaré Miranda Bahia
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares Mattos Vaz
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ramon Giovani Brandão da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Bacteriologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ruanita Veiga
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Simionatto
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD), Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - William Alencar de Oliveira Lima
- Seção de Bacteriologia e Micologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC), Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS), Ministério da Saúde, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Veiga Kiffer
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório de Imunologia e Bacteriologia (LIB), Setor de Biologia Molecular, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (DCB), Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas (ICAQF), Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Alerta, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica (LEMC), Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fuerniss LK, Kreikemeier KK, Reed LD, Cravey MD, Johnson BJ. Cecal microbiota of feedlot cattle fed a four-species Bacillus supplement. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac258. [PMID: 35953238 PMCID: PMC9576023 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As commercial fed cattle consume large amounts of concentrate feedstuffs, hindgut health can be challenged. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a commercially available Bacillus feed additive on cattle health outcomes and cecal microbiota of fed cattle at the time of harvest. Commercial cattle from a single feedlot were identified for characterization of cecal microbial communities using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. All cattle were fed a common corn-based finishing diet. Control cattle (CON) were administered no treatment while treated cattle (TRT) were supplemented daily with 0.050 g of MicroSaf 4C 40 (2 billion colony forming units of Bacillus spp.; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Immediately after harvest and evisceration, the cecal contents of cattle were sampled. After DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing, reads from CON samples (N = 12) and TRT samples (N = 12) were assigned taxonomy using the SILVA 138 database. Total morbidity, first treatment of atypical interstitial pneumonia, and early shipments for harvest were decreased among TRT cattle compared to CON cattle (P ≤ 0.021). On average, cecal microbiota from TRT cattle had greater alpha diversity than microbiota from CON cattle as measured by Shannon diversity, Pielou's evenness, and feature richness (P < 0.010). Additionally, TRT microbial communities were different (P = 0.001) and less variable (P < 0.001) than CON microbial communities when evaluated by unweighted UniFrac distances. By relative abundance across all samples, the most prevalent phyla were Firmicutes (55.40%, SD = 15.97) and Bacteroidetes (28.17%, SD = 17.74) followed by Proteobacteria (6.75%, SD = 10.98), Spirochaetes (4.54%, SD = 4.85), and Euryarchaeota (1.77%, SD = 3.00). Spirochaetes relative abundance in TRT communities was greater than that in CON communities and was differentially abundant between treatments by ANCOM testing (W = 11); Monoglobaceae was the only family-level taxon identified as differentially abundant (W = 59; greater mean relative abundance in TRT group by 2.12 percentage points). Half (N = 6) of the CON samples clustered away from all other samples based on principal coordinates and represented cecal dysbiosis among CON cattle. The results of this study indicated that administering a four-species blend of Bacillus positively supported the cecal microbial communities of finishing cattle. Further research is needed to explore potential mechanisms of action of Bacillus DFM products in feedlot cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K Fuerniss
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | | | - Lynn D Reed
- Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI 52404, USA
| | | | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Chen X, Yan F, Liu T, Zhang Y, Li X, Wang M, Zhang C, Xu X, Deng L, Yao J, Wu S. Ruminal Microbiota Determines the High-Fiber Utilization of Ruminants: Evidence from the Ruminal Microbiota Transplant. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0044622. [PMID: 35924933 PMCID: PMC9430676 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00446-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen, which contains a series of prokaryotes and eukaryotes with high abundance, determines the high ability to degrade complex carbohydrates in ruminants. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared the ruminal microbiota of dairy goats with that in the foregut and colon of mice and found more Bacteroides identified in the rumen, which helps ruminants to utilize plant-derived polysaccharides, cellulose, and other structural carbohydrates. Furthermore, high-fiber diets did not significantly increase intestinal fiber-degrading bacteria in mice, but did produce higher levels of ruminal fiber-degrading bacteria in dairy goats. Through rumen microbe transplantation (RMT), we found that rumen-derived fiber-degrading bacteria can colonize the intestines of mice to exert their fiber-degrading function, but their colonization efficiency is affected by diet. Additionally, the colonization of these fiber-degrading bacteria in the colon may involve higher content of butyrate in the colon, protecting the colonic epithelial barrier and promoting energy metabolism. Overall, the fiber degradation function of rumen bacteria through RMT was verified, and our results provide new insights into isolating the functional and beneficial fiber-degrading bacteria in the rumen, providing a theoretical basis for the role of dietary fiber in intestinal health. IMPORTANCE Ruminants have a powerful progastric digestive system that converts structural carbohydrates into nutrients useful to humans. It is well known that this phenomenon is due to the fact that the rumen of ruminants is a natural microbial fermenter, which can ferment structural carbohydrates such as cellulose and hemicellulose and transform them into volatile fatty acids to supply energy for host. However, monogastric animals have an inherent disadvantage in utilizing fiber, so screening rumen-derived fiber-degrading bacteria as a fermentation strain for biological feed is needed in an attempt at improving the fiber digestibility of monogastric animals. In this study, a ruminal microbiota transplant experiment from goats to mice proves that ruminal microbiota could serve as a key factor in utilization of high-fiber diets and provides a new perspective for the development of probiotics with fiber degradation function from the rumen and the importance of the use of prebiotics during the intake of probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fang Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mengya Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiurong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengru Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Rabapane KJ, Ijoma GN, Matambo TS. Insufficiency in functional genomics studies, data, and applications: A case study of bio-prospecting research in ruminant microbiome. Front Genet 2022; 13:946449. [PMID: 36118848 PMCID: PMC9472250 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.946449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, biotechnology has advanced at a rapid pace, propelled by the incorporation of bio-products into various aspects of pharmaceuticals, industry, and the environment. These developments have sparked interest in the bioprospecting of microorganisms and their products in a variety of niche environments. Furthermore, the use of omics technologies has greatly aided our analyses of environmental samples by elucidating the microbial ecological framework, biochemical pathways, and bio-products. However, the more often overemphasis on taxonomic identification in most research publications, as well as the data associated with such studies, is detrimental to immediate industrial and commercial applications. This review identifies several factors that contribute to the complexity of sequence data analysis as potential barriers to the pragmatic application of functional genomics, utilizing recent research on ruminants to demonstrate these limitations in the hopes of broadening our horizons and drawing attention to this gap in bioprospecting studies for other niche environments as well. The review also aims to emphasize the importance of routinely incorporating functional genomics into environmental metagenomics analyses in order to improve solutions that drive rapid industrial biocatalysis developments from derived outputs with the aim of achieving potential benefits in energy-use reduction and environmental considerations for current and future applications.
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Su M, Hao Z, Shi H, Li T, Wang H, Li Q, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Metagenomic Analysis Revealed Differences in Composition and Function Between Liquid-Associated and Solid-Associated Microorganisms of Sheep Rumen. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:851567. [PMID: 35711780 PMCID: PMC9197192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.851567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbiota plays a key role in the utilization of plant materials by ruminants, yet little is known about the key taxa and their genetic functions of the rumen sub-environment involved in the ruminal degradation process. Understanding the differences in the composition and function of ruminal microbiota in the liquid-associated (LA) and solid-associated (SA) systems is needed to further study and regulate rumen function and health. In this study, rumen contents of nine sheep were collected to separate LA and SA systems with elution and centrifugal precipitation. Metagenome sequencing was used to investigate the differences in microbial composition and genetic functions of LA and SA systems, with special emphasis on their degradational potential toward carbohydrates. Results showed that the dominant species composition was similar between the two systems, but SA microorganisms had a higher relative abundance than LA microorganisms in all taxa. The concentration of fiber-degrading bacteria, such as Ruminococcus, Treponema, and Fibrobacter, was higher and Prevotella was lower in the SA vs. LA system. Additionally, SA microorganisms dominated in cellulose degradation, while LA microorganisms were more important in starch utilization based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology (KO)'s functional categories and Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes). In general, SA microorganisms are more abundant and important in metabolic functions than LA, such as carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms. In summary, the key differential biomarkers between LA and SA systems were Prevotella, Ruminococcus, Treponema, and Fibrobacter. Ruminal microbes degraded carbohydrates synergistically with SA, thus, more focusing on cellulose and hemicellulose, while LA is more important to starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
- School of Agriculture and Forestry Technology, Longnan Teachers College, Longnan, China
| | - Ziyun Hao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youji Ma
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Xue B, Wu M, Yue S, Hu A, Li X, Hong Q, Wang Z, Wang L, Peng Q, Xue B. Changes in Rumen Bacterial Community Induced by the Dietary Physically Effective Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels in Goat Diets. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820509. [PMID: 35479630 PMCID: PMC9035740 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) is a concept that accounts for the particle length of NDF in a feed, sustaining the normal chewing behavior and rumen fermentation of ruminants. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of dietary peNDF on growth performance and bacterial communities in the rumen of goats through a high-throughput sequencing technique. A total of 30 male Lezhi black goats were randomly assigned to five groups, corresponding to five diets with identical compositions and nutrient levels but with varying forage lengths (the peNDF1.18 contents of the diets were 33.0, 29.9, 28.1, 26.5, and 24.8%, respectively). The whole trial lasted for 44 days. As results show, feed intake and average daily gain were highest when peNDF1.18 content was 26.5%, in which the papilla length of the dorsal sac in rumen was the highest. Chao1 and ACE indexes were similar among the treatments, while Shannon and Simpson indexes of the peNDF1.18 = 28.1% group were the highest (p < 0.05). As the level of dietary peNDF1.18 decreased, the dominant phylum transitioned from Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes. The top three dominant genera of rumen bacteria were Prevotella 1, Ruminococcaceae NK4A214 group, and Christensenellaceae R-7 group. They all showed a quadratic correlation with dietary peNDF1.18 level (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-011 was positively correlated, while that of Prevotella 1 was negatively correlated, with amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism (p < 0.01). In conclusion, dietary peNDF level influenced goat growth performance, rumen development, and rumen bacterial community structures, and a peNDF1.18 level between 26.5 and 28.1% was considered optimal for goat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benchu Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangming Yue
- Department of Bioengineering, Sichuan Water Conservancy College, Chengdu, China
| | - Anhai Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qionghua Hong
- Yunnan Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Bai Xue,
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10
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Li J, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong Z, Shao T. Gut Microbiota of Ostrinia nubilalis Larvae Degrade Maize Cellulose. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:816954. [PMID: 35495661 PMCID: PMC9039043 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.816954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most arthropod guts harbor diverse microbiota for symbiotic digestion. The European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), is a devastating pest that feeds the lignocellulose-rich tissues of maize plants. However, the potential role of ECB gut microbes in degrading maize cellulose remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the gut microbiota of ECB fed with different diets and their potential function in maize lignocellulose degradation. The diversity and composition of gut bacterial communities varied dramatically between the ECB larva fed with artificial diets (ECB-D) and maize plants (ECB-M). Draft genomes of the microbial consortia from ECB-D and ECB-M showed that the principal degraders of cellulose mainly belonged to Firmicutes or Proteobacteria and they were primarily found in the midgut. The cellulolytic microbial consortia contained genes encoding various carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme). Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed significant breakdown of lignocellulose in maize treated by the two microbial consortia for 9 days in vitro. Metabolomic analyses show that maize particles treated by two microbial consortia generate distinctive metabolomic profiles, with enrichment for different monosaccharides (i.e., Glucose, Rhamnofuranose, Isomaltose, and Cellobiose) and amino acids (i.e., Threonine, Histidine, and Lysine). The results indicated that the diet of the host impacted the composition and function of its gut microbiota and ECB exploited specific gut microbes to digest maize lignocellulose with distinctive products. Our study provides valuable microbiota resources for lignocellulose bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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11
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Hartinger T, Grabher L, Pacífico C, Angelmayr B, Faas J, Zebeli Q. Short-term exposure to the mycotoxins zearalenone or fumonisins affects rumen fermentation and microbiota, and health variables in cattle. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 162:112900. [PMID: 35247503 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins (FUM) jeopardize fertility and health in cattle; yet, their toxigenic effects on rumen health and microbiota, both being crucial for animal health, are not clarified. This study determined the effects of a short-term exposure to ZEN or FUM on the rumen ecosystem, and further evaluated acute implications on health parameters. Six cows were fed a basal diet with 40% grain (dry matter basis) and exposed to either 5 mg of ZEN or 20 mg of FUM daily for two consecutive days each, separated by a 7-days washout period. The exposure to ZEN or FUM led to a reduction of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae in the rumen. Similarly, ZEN lowered the ruminal pH and total short-chain fatty acid concentration, despite increased rumination activity of the cows. Fumonisins increased the number of observed features and significantly impacted β-diversity structure and metagenome predicted function. At the systemic level, FUM exposure suggested an immediate hepatotoxic effect, as evidenced by increased liver enzyme concentrations, which were accompanied by altered heart and respiratory rates. Similarly, ZEN increased the body temperature up to a mild fever. Concluding, short-term exposure to ZEN and FUM can harm the rumen ecosystem and acutely impair systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartinger
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lena Grabher
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cátia Pacífico
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Angelmayr
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Faas
- BIOMIN Research Center, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Yang J, Zhao J, Wang B, Yu Z. Unraveling aerobic cultivable cellulolytic microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract of sheep ( Ovis aries) and their evaluation for cellulose biodegradation. Can J Microbiol 2022; 68:237-248. [PMID: 34995146 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic cellulolytic microbes in gastrointestinal tract (GT) of ruminants have been well-documented, however, knowledge of aerobic microbes with cellulolytic activities in ruminant GT is comparably limited. Here, we unraveled aerobic cultivable cellulolytic microbes in GT of Ujimqin sheep (Ovis aries) and evaluated the cellulolytic potential of promising isolates. Twenty-two strains were found to possess cellulose degrading potential by Congo-red staining and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA/ITS sequence revealed that all strains belonged to nine genera, i.e., Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Brachybacterium, Sanguibacter, Rhizobium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. Strains with high cellulolytic activities were selected to further evaluate the various enzyme activities on lignocellulosic alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa). Among them, isolate Bacillus subtilis RE2510 showed the highest potential of cellulose degradation considering the high endoglucanase (0.1478 ± 0.0014 IU ml-1), exoglucanase (0.1735 ± 0.0012 IU ml-1) and β-glucosidase (0.3817 ± 0.0031 IU ml-1) after 10-day incubation with alfalfa hay. A significant destruction effect of the cellulose structure and the attachment of B. subtilis RE2510 to the hay were also revealed by using scanning electron microscope. This study expands our knowledge of aerobic cellulolytic isolates from GT of sheep and also highlights their potential application as microbial additive in the aerobic process of cellulose bioconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Ghent University, 26656, Gent, Belgium;
| | - Jie Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Bobo Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Zhisheng Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
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13
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Takizawa S, Asano R, Fukuda Y, Baba Y, Tada C, Nakai Y. Shifts in xylanases and the microbial community associated with xylan biodegradation during treatment with rumen fluid. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1729-1743. [PMID: 34964273 PMCID: PMC9151333 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with rumen fluid improves methane production from non‐degradable lignocellulosic biomass during subsequent methane fermentation; however, the kinetics of xylanases during treatment with rumen fluid remain unclear. This study aimed to identify key xylanases contributing to xylan degradation and their individual activities during xylan treatment with bovine rumen microorganisms. Xylan was treated with bovine rumen fluid at 37°C for 48 h under anaerobic conditions. Total solids were degraded into volatile fatty acids and gases during the first 24 h. Zymography showed that xylanases of 24, 34, 85, 180, and 200 kDa were highly active during the first 24 h. Therefore, these xylanases are considered to be crucial for xylan degradation during treatment with rumen fluid. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the rumen microbial community’s structure and metabolic function temporally shifted during xylan biodegradation. Although statistical analyses did not reveal significantly positive correlations between xylanase activities and known xylanolytic bacterial genera, they positively correlated with protozoal (e.g., Entodinium, Diploplastron, and Eudiplodinium) and fungal (e.g., Neocallimastix, Orpinomyces, and Olpidium) genera and unclassified bacteria. Our findings suggest that rumen protozoa, fungi, and unclassified bacteria are associated with key xylanase activities, accelerating xylan biodegradation into volatile fatty acids and gases, during treatment of lignocellulosic biomass with rumen fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Takizawa
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Japan
| | - Ryoki Asano
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Tainai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Baba
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environment, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Osaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University, Tainai, Japan
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14
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Wang Z, Wu W, Cui L, Li X, Kulyar MFEA, Xiong H, Zhou N, Yin H, Li J, Li X. Isolation, characterization, and interaction of lignin-degrading bacteria from rumen of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:757-768. [PMID: 34101885 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to isolate lignin-degrading bacteria from buffalo rumen and to explore their interactions further. Using lignin as the carbon source, three bacteria, B-04 (Ochrobactrum pseudintermedium), B-11 (Klebsiella pneumoniae), and B-45 (Bacillus sonorensis), which have shown lignin degradation potential, were successfully isolated and identified from the rumen fluid of buffalo by colony morphology, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and biochemical and physiological analyses. The degradation rates of lignin were determined, and the maximum values were 4.86%, 11.1%, and 7.68% for B-04, B-11, and B-45, respectively. The maximum laccase activities were 0.65, 0.93, and 1.15 U/ml, while the maximum lignin peroxidase activities were 5.72, 8.29, and 18.69 U/ml, respectively. Pairwise interaction studies showed inhibitory interaction between B-04 and B-45, inhibitory interaction between B-04 and B-11, and symbiotic interaction between B-11 and B-45. This is the first report on the lignin degradation ability of bacteria isolated from the buffalo's rumen, which provides a new understanding for revealing the mechanism of roughage tolerance of buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenqing Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Luncheng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | | | - Haiqian Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Nian Zhou
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaihui Yin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Huanggang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education; Department of Hubei Province Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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15
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Zhao J, Shao T, Chen S, Tao X, Li J. Characterization and identification of cellulase-producing Enterococcus species isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) rumen and their application in various forage silages. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1102-1112. [PMID: 33484057 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cellulase-producing Enterococcus species isolated from the rumen of Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) were characterized, and their combined effects on the silage quality of various forages were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS The two isolated strains with high cellulolytic potential were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (EF85) and E. faecium (EF83) by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both EF85 and EF83 could grow well at 15-55°C, pH 3·0-6·0 and in 3·0-6·5% NaCl. The cellulase secreted by EF85 and EF83 showed good stability at temperatures from 20 to 45°C and pH from 4·5 to 7·0. A commercial inoculant (CLP), a commercial cellulase (CE) and the two cellulolytic strains (EF85 + EF83) were added to whole-crop corn, sweet sorghum and Napier grass ensiling for 120 days respectively. In Napier grass silage, all inoculants significantly increased lactic acid content and ratio of lactic to acetic acid and decreased pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen contents. The acid detergent fibre and cellulose contents in EF85 + EF83 treatment were significantly lower than those in the other treatments. In whole-crop corn and sweet sorghum silages, all additives had no significant effect on the fermentation quality, while CE and EF85 + EF83 markedly enhanced cellulose degradation and increased free sugar content. CONCLUSION The combined inoculation of the cellulolytic strain EF85 and EF83 to various forages reduced the fibre content of the resulting silages. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Few studies involved inoculation of silage with Enterococcus species in different forage types. The isolated cellulolytic strains of E. faecalis EF85 and E. faecium EF83 could be a great alternative for commercial inoculants and enzymes in silage production.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Liang J, Zheng W, Zhang H, Zhang P, Cai Y, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Ding Y. Transformation of bacterial community structure in rumen liquid anaerobic digestion of rice straw. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116130. [PMID: 33261966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rumen liquid can effectively degrade lignocellulosic biomass, in which rumen microorganisms play an important role. In this study, transformation of bacterial community structure in rumen liquid anaerobic digestion of rice straw was explored. Results showed that rice straw was efficiently hydrolyzed and acidified, and the degradation efficiency of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin reached 46.2%, 60.4%, and 12.9%, respectively. The concentration of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) reached 12.9 and 8.04 g L-1. The high-throughput sequencing results showed that structure of rumen bacterial community significantly changed in anaerobic digestion. The Shannon diversity index showed that rumen bacterial diversity decreased by 32.8% on the 5th day of anaerobic digestion. The relative abundance of Prevotella and Fibrobacter significantly increased, while Ruminococcus significantly decreased at the genus level. The Spearman correlation heatmap showed that pH and VFA were the critical factors affecting the rumen bacterial community structure. The function prediction found that rumen bacteria mainly functioned in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, which might contain a large number of lignocellulose degrading enzyme genes. These studies are conducive to the better application of rumen microorganisms in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Beijing General Working Station of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing, 100036, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Urban and Rural Construction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yajing Cai
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qingyan Wang
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zeyan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiran Ding
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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17
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Li J, Tang X, Zhao J, Chen S, Wang S, Shao T. Improvement of fermentation quality and cellulose convertibility of Napier grass silage by inoculation of cellulolytic bacteria from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens). J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1857-1867. [PMID: 33128833 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and identify cellulolytic bacteria from yak rumen and further evaluate the effects of the isolates on the silage quality, structural carbohydrates degradation and cellulose convertibility of Napier grass silage. METHODS AND RESULTS Two out of 218 strains were selected based on their most extensive transparent zone and the highest filter paper disintegration rate. The two isolates (JFL12 and JF85) could grow normally at 15-55°C, pH 3·0-7·0 and NaCl (3·0, 6·5%), and were identified as Enterococcus casseliflavus and Enterococcus faecalis by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, respectively. Napier grass was ensiled with no additive control (C), Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), JFL12, JF85, JFL12 + Lp and JF85 + Lp for 3, 5, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. All inoculated silages had higher lactic acid content, lower pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) and lignocellulose contents than the control silage. Silages treated with JFL12 + Lp and JF85 + Lp had the lowest pH and NH3 -N contents, the highest lactic acid content and lignocellulose degradation among all treatments. The isolates with or without Lp significantly (P < 0·01) increased water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), glucose, fructose and sucrose contents as compared with the control silage. Silages treated with JFL12 + Lp and JF85 + Lp had higher glucose yield and cellulose convertibility than the other silages. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the application of isolates (JFL12 and JF85) with Lp had synergistic effects on accelerating the degradation of structural carbohydrates and improving the silage quality. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Napier grass presents difficulty to ensiling due to its low WSC and high structural carbohydrates contents. The screened cellulolytic bacteria could be a candidate strain in improving fermentation quality and structural carbohydrates degradability of ensiled forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Tang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Zhao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Chen
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Long C, Venema K. Pretreatment of Rapeseed Meal Increases Its Recalcitrant Fiber Fermentation and Alters the Microbial Community in an in vitro Model of Swine Large Intestine. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588264. [PMID: 33329463 PMCID: PMC7711092 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of current study was to investigate in an in vitro study how enzymatic and chemical pretreated rapeseed meal (RSM) influences the fiber fermentation and microbial community in the swine large intestine. RSM was processed enzymatically by a cellulase (CELL), two pectinases (PECT), or chemically by an alkaline (ALK) treatment. 16S rRNA gene sequencing data was performed to evaluate changes in the gut microbiota composition, whereas short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production (ion-chromatography) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) composition (using monoclonal antibodies; mAbs) were used to assess fiber degradation. The results showed that ALK, CELL, PECT1, and PECT2 changed microbial community composition, increased the predicted abundance of microbial fiber-degrading enzymes and pathways, and increased acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFA production. The increased microbial genera positively correlated with SCFA production. Monoclonal antibody analyses showed that the cell wall polysaccharide structures of RSM shifted after ALK, CELL, PECT1, and PECT2 treatment. The degradation of NSP during the fermentation period was dynamic, and not continuous based on the epitope recognition by mAbs. This study provides the first detailed analysis of changes in the swine intestinal microbiota due to RSM modified by ALK, CELL, PECT1, and PECT2, which altered the microbial community structure, shifted the predicted functional metagenomic profile and subsequently increased total SCFA production. Our findings that ALK, CELL, PECT1, and PECT2 increased fiber degradability in RSM could help guide feed additive strategies to improve efficiency and productivity in swine industry. The current study gave insight into how enzymatic treatment of feed can alter microbial communities, which provides good opportunity to develop novel carbohydrase treatments, particularly in swine feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Long
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University Campus Venlo, Venlo, Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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19
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Cendron F, Niero G, Carlino G, Penasa M, Cassandro M. Characterizing the fecal bacteria and archaea community of heifers and lactating cows through 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:593-605. [PMID: 32851593 PMCID: PMC7652803 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the fecal bacteria and archaea composition of Holstein-Friesian and Simmental heifers and lactating cows, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Bacteria and archaea communities were characterized and compared between heifers and cows of the same breed. Two breeds from different farms were considered, just to speculate about the conservation of the microbiome differences between cows and heifers that undergo different management conditions. The two breeds were from two different herds. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all experimental groups. Alpha- and beta-diversity metrics showed significant differences between heifers and cows within the same breed, supported by principal coordinate analysis. The analysis of Holstein-Friesian fecal microbiome composition revealed 3 different bacteria families, 2 genera, and 2 species that differed between heifers and cows; on the other hand, Simmental heifers and cows differed only for one bacteria family, one archaeal genus, and one bacteria species. Results of the present study suggest that fecal communities of heifers and cows are different, and that fecal microbiome is maintained across experimental groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cendron
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Niero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Gabriele Carlino
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Mauro Penasa
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Martino Cassandro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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20
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Unraveling the camel rumen microbiome through metaculturomics approach for agriculture waste hydrolytic potential. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:107-123. [PMID: 32772117 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer present on Earth in the form of agriculture waste. Hydrolysis of agriculture waste for simple fermentable reducing sugars is the bottleneck in the area of biofuel generation and other value-added products. The present study aims to utilize the camel rumen as a bioreactor for potent cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria by altering the feed types with varying cellulosic concentrations. A total of 6716 bacterial cultures were subjected to three layers of screening, where plate zymography and chromophoric substrate screening served as primary screening method for cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic potential. The potential isolates were genetically grouped using RAPD, and 51 representative isolates from each group were subjected to molecular identification through 16S rDNA sequencing, followed by quantification of various cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes. Out of 51 potent isolates, 5 isolates had high endoglucanase activity ranging from 0.3 to 0.48 U/ml. The selected five key isolates identified as Pseudomonas, Paenibacillus, Citrobacter, Bacillus subtilis, and Enterobacter were employed for hydrolyzing the various agriculture residues and resulted in approximately 0.4 mg/ml of reducing sugar. Furthermore, the metaculturomics approach was implemented to deduce the total cultured diversity through 16S rRNA amplicon library sequencing. The metaculturomics data revealed the dominance of proteobacteria and unidentified bacterial population in all four feed types, which indicates the possibility of culturing novel cellulose-deconstructing bacteria. Moreover, the presence of diverse hydrolytic enzymes in cultured isolates supports the usage of these bacteria in bio-processing of agriculture waste residues and obtaining the biofuels and other value-added products.
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Chang J, Yao X, Zuo C, Qi Y, Chen D, Ma W. The gut bacterial diversity of sheep associated with different breeds in Qinghai province. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:254. [PMID: 32703277 PMCID: PMC7376942 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02477-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota play important roles in their co-evolution with mammals. However, little is understood about gut bacterial community of Tibetan sheep compared with other sheep breeds. In this study, we investigated the gut bacterial community in 4 different sheep breeds living in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technique. Results The results suggested that bacterial community abundance and breeds diversity of Tibetan sheep (TS) were significantly lower than that of the other three breeds of sheep [Dorset sheep (DrS), Dorper sheep (DrS) and Small Tail Han sheep (STHS)] (p < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis indicated that microbiome composition of TS was significantly different from that of other three sheep breeds (p < 0.01). Firmicutes was the most predominant microbial phylum in the gut, followed by Bacteroidetes. The gut bacterial community of TS showed higher proportions of phylum Spirochaetes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia, compared to the other three sheep breeds, but the Deferribacteres was absent in TS. At the genus level, Treponema, Succinivibrio, 5-7 N15 and Prevotella showed significantly higher abundance in TS than in the other three sheep breeds (p < 0.05). Conclusions In this study, we first employed HTS to understand the gut microbiomes among different sheep breeds in QTP of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China. .,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai Province, China.
| | - Xiaoting Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chenxiang Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuxu Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dekun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wentao Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Holman DB, Gzyl KE. A meta-analysis of the bovine gastrointestinal tract microbiota. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5497297. [PMID: 31116403 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota has important influences on animal health and production. Presently, a large number of studies have used high-throughput sequencing of the archaeal and bacteria 16S rRNA gene to characterize these microbiota under various experimental parameters. By aggregating publically available archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA gene datasets from 52 studies we were able to determine taxa that are common to nearly all microbiota samples from the bovine GI tract as well as taxa that are strongly linked to either the rumen or feces. The methanogenic genera Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera were identified in nearly all fecal and rumen samples (> 99.1%), as were the bacterial genera Prevotella and Ruminococcus (≥ 92.9%). Bacterial genera such as Alistipes, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium and Escherichia/Shigella were associated with feces and Fibrobacter, Prevotella, Ruminococcus and Succiniclasticum with the rumen. As expected, individual study strongly affected the bacterial community structure, however, fecal and rumen samples did appear separated from each other. This meta-analysis provides the first comparison of high-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene datasets generated from the bovine GI tract by multiple studies and may serve as a foundation for improving future microbial community research with cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin B Holman
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, T4L 1W1
| | - Katherine E Gzyl
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, Canada, T4L 1W1
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Edwards JE, Schennink A, Burden F, Long S, van Doorn DA, Pellikaan WF, Dijkstra J, Saccenti E, Smidt H. Domesticated equine species and their derived hybrids differ in their fecal microbiota. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:8. [PMID: 33499942 PMCID: PMC7807894 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to horses and ponies, donkeys have increased degradation of dietary fiber. The longer total mean retention time of feed in the donkey gut has been proposed to be the basis of this, because of the increased time available for feed to be acted upon by enzymes and the gut microbiota. However, differences in terms of microbial concentrations and/or community composition in the hindgut may also underpin the increased degradation of fiber in donkeys. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess if differences existed between the fecal microbiota of pony, donkey and hybrids derived from them (i.e. pony × donkey) when fed the same forage diet. RESULTS Fecal community composition of prokaryotes and anaerobic fungi significantly differed between equine types. The relative abundance of two bacterial genera was significantly higher in donkey compared to both pony and pony x donkey: Lachnoclostridium 10 and 'probable genus 10' from the Lachnospiraceae family. The relative abundance of Piromyces was significantly lower in donkey compared to pony × donkey, with pony not significantly differing from either of the other equine types. In contrast, the uncultivated genus SK3 was only found in donkey (4 of the 8 animals). The number of anaerobic fungal OTUs was also significantly higher in donkey than in the other two equine types, with no significant differences found between pony and pony × donkey. Equine types did not significantly differ with respect to prokaryotic alpha diversity, fecal dry matter content or fecal concentrations of bacteria, archaea and anaerobic fungi. CONCLUSIONS Donkey fecal microbiota differed from that of both pony and pony × donkey. These differences related to a higher relative abundance and diversity of taxa with known, or speculated, roles in plant material degradation. These findings are consistent with the previously reported increased fiber degradation in donkeys compared to ponies, and suggest that the hindgut microbiota plays a role. This offers novel opportunities for pony and pony × donkey to extract more energy from dietary fiber via microbial mediated strategies. This could potentially decrease the need for energy dense feeds which are a risk factor for gut-mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Edwards
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - A. Schennink
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
- Present address: Micreos Human Health B.V, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - F. Burden
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 ONU UK
| | - S. Long
- The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth, Devon EX10 ONU UK
| | - D. A. van Doorn
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Equine Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - W. F. Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J. Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - E. Saccenti
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - H. Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, Netherlands
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Wang H, Lim TT, Duong C, Zhang W, Xu C, Yan L, Mei Z, Wang W. Long-Term Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Swine Manure with Corn Stover and Microbial Community Analysis. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020188. [PMID: 32013160 PMCID: PMC7074675 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term anaerobic co-digestion of swine manure (SM) and corn stover (CS) was conducted using semi-continuously loaded digesters under mesophilic conditions. A preliminary test was first conducted to test the effects of loading rates, and results indicated the 3 g-VS L−1 d−1 was the optimal loading rate. Based on the preliminary results, a verification replicated test was conducted with 3 g-VS L−1 d−1 loading rate and different SM/CS ratios (1:1, 2:1 and 1:2). Results showed that a SM/CS ratio of 2/1 was optimal, based on maximum observed methane-VSdes generation and carbon conversion efficiency (72.56 ± 3.40 mL g−1 and 40.59%, respectively). Amplicon sequencing analysis suggested that microbial diversity was increased with CS loading. Amino-acid-degrading bacteria were abundant in the treatment groups. Archaea Methanoculleus could enhance biogas and methane productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Teng Teeh Lim
- Agriculture Systems Management, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5200, USA; (T.T.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Cuong Duong
- Agriculture Systems Management, Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5200, USA; (T.T.L.); (C.D.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Congfeng Xu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
| | - Zili Mei
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Agro-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; (H.W.); (W.Z.); (C.X.); (L.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13836729365
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Baba Y, Matsuki Y, Takizawa S, Suyama Y, Tada C, Fukuda Y, Saito M, Nakai Y. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass with Cattle Rumen Fluid for Methane Production: Fate of Added Rumen Microbes and Indigenous Microbes of Methane Seed Sludge. Microbes Environ 2019; 34:421-428. [PMID: 31748428 PMCID: PMC6934390 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me19113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates with cattle rumen fluid was successfully developed to increase methane production. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing approach using the MiSeq platform was applied to elucidate the effects of the rumen fluid treatment on the microbial community structure in laboratory-scale batch methane fermenters. Methane production in fermenters fed rumen fluid-treated rapeseed (2,077.3 mL CH4 reactor-1 for a 6-h treatment) was markedly higher than that in fermenters fed untreated rapeseed (1,325.8 mL CH4 reactor-1). Microbial community profiling showed that the relative abundance of known lignocellulose-degrading bacteria corresponded to lignocellulose-degrading enzymatic activities. Some dominant indigenous cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria in seed sludge (e.g., Cellulosilyticum lentocellum and Ruminococcus flavefaciens) and rumen fluid (e.g., Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola) became undetectable or markedly decreased in abundance in the fermenters fed rumen fluid-treated rapeseed, whereas some bacteria derived from seed sludge (e.g., Ruminofilibacter xylanolyticum) and rumen fluid (e.g., R. albus) remained detectable until the completion of methane production. Thus, several lignocellulose-degrading bacteria associated with rumen fluid proliferated in the fermenters, and may play an important role in the degradation of lignocellulosic compounds in the fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Baba
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
- Research Fellow of the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)Japan
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural UniversitySuematsu1–308, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921–8836Japan
| | - Yu Matsuki
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
| | - Shuhei Takizawa
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
| | - Chika Tada
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fukuda
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
| | - Masanori Saito
- Laboratory of Environmental Crop Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakai
- Laboratory of Sustainable Animal Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku UniversityYomogida 232–3, Naruko-onsen, Osaki, Miyagi 989–6711Japan
- Department of Agro-Food Science, Faculty of Agro-Food Science, Niigata Agro-Food University2416 Hiranedai, Tainai, Niigata, 959–2702Japan
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Ozbayram EG, Kleinsteuber S, Nikolausz M. Biotechnological utilization of animal gut microbiota for valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:489-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hartinger T, Edwards JE, Gómez Expósito R, Smidt H, Ter Braak CJF, Gresner N, Südekum KH. Differently Pre-treated Alfalfa Silages Affect the in vitro Ruminal Microbiota Composition. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2761. [PMID: 31849900 PMCID: PMC6902091 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage (AS) is an important feedstuff in ruminant nutrition. However, its high non-protein nitrogen content often leads to poor ruminal nitrogen retention. Various pre-ensiling treatments differing with respect to dry matter concentrations, wilting intensities and sucrose addition have been previously shown to improve the quality and true protein preservation of AS, and have substantial effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation of the resulting silages. However, it is unknown how these pre-ensiling treatments affect the ruminal microbiota composition, and whether alterations in the microbiota explain previously observed differences in ruminal fermentation. Therefore, during AS incubation in a rumen simulation system, liquid and solid phases were sampled 2 and 7 days after first incubating AS, representing an early (ET) and late (LT) time point, respectively. Subsequently, DNA was extracted and qPCR (bacteria, archaea, and anaerobic fungi) and prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analyses were performed. At the ET, high dry matter concentration and sucrose addition increased concentrations of archaea in the liquid phase (P = 0.001) and anaerobic fungi in the solid phase (P < 0.001). At the LT, only sucrose addition increased archaeal concentration in the liquid phase (P = 0.014) and anaerobic fungal concentration in the solid phase (P < 0.001). Bacterial concentrations were not affected by pre-ensiling treatments. The prokaryotic phylogenetic diversity index decreased in the liquid phase from ET to LT (P = 0.034), whereas the solid phase was not affected (P = 0.060). This is suggestive of a general adaption of the microbiota to the soluble metabolites released from the incubated AS, particularly regarding the sucrose-treated AS. Redundancy analysis of the sequence data at the genus level indicated that sucrose addition (P = 0.001), time point (P = 0.001), and their interaction (P = 0.001) affected microbial community composition in both phases. In summary, of the pre-ensiling treatments tested sucrose addition had the largest effect on the microbiota, and together with sampling time point affected microbiota composition in both phases of the rumen simulation system. Thus, microbiota composition analysis helped to understand the ruminal fermentation patterns, but could not fully explain them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan E Edwards
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruth Gómez Expósito
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Nina Gresner
- Institute of Animal Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Cui X, Wang Z, Yan T, Chang S, Wang H, Hou F. Rumen bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep ( Ovis aries) associated with different forage types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:859-869. [PMID: 31386822 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2019-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet is the great determinant of bacterial composition in the rumen. However, little is known about the rumen bacterial community of Tibetan sheep living in the special ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China. In the present study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the rumen bacterial community of Tibetan sheep associated with two primary diets: alpine pasture diet (a continuation of the sheep's natural grazing diet) and oat (Avena sativa) hay diet on the QTP. The results showed that bacterial community richness and species diversity of the oat hay diet group were significantly greater than that of the native pasture diet group (p < 0.05). Principal co-ordinate analysis and analysis of similarities revealed that the bacterial community of the oat hay diet group was distinctly different from that of the native pasture diet group (p < 0.05). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant microbial phyla in the rumen. The rumen of oat-hay-fed sheep had higher proportions of Proteobacteria and novel bacteria species than the rumen of native-pasture-fed sheep. Actinobacteria, an uncommon bacterial phylum, occurred only in the oat-hay-fed group. At the genus level, Komagataeibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 showed significantly higher relative abundance in the oat-hay-fed sheep than in the native-pasture-fed sheep (p < 0.05). This study is the first of the QTP to employ high-throughput sequencing to examine the influence of diet on the rumen microbiome of Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongxiong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Shenghua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Maqu County, Gannan, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
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Hu R, Zou H, Wang Z, Cao B, Peng Q, Jing X, Wang Y, Shao Y, Pei Z, Zhang X, Xue B, Wang L, Zhao S, Zhou Y, Kong X. Nutritional Interventions Improved Rumen Functions and Promoted Compensatory Growth of Growth-Retarded Yaks as Revealed by Integrated Transcripts and Microbiome Analyses. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:318. [PMID: 30846981 PMCID: PMC6393393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth retardation reduces the incomes of livestock farming. However, effective nutritional interventions to promote compensatory growth and the mechanisms involving digestive tract microbiomes and transcripts have yet to be elucidated. In this study, Qinghai plateau yaks, which frequently suffer from growth retardation due to malnutrition, were used as an experimental model. Young growth-retarded yaks were pastured (GRP), fed basal ration (GRB), fed basal ration addition cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH; GRBC) or active dry yeast (ADY; GRBY). Another group of growth normal yak was pastured as a positive control (GNP). After 60-day nutritional interventions, the results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) of GRB was similar to the level of GNP, and the growth rates of GRBC and GRBY were significantly higher than the level of GNP (P < 0.05). Basal rations addition of CSH or ADY either improved the serum biochemical indexes, decreased serum LPS concentration, facilitated ruminal epithelium development and volatile fatty acids (VFA) fermentation of growth-retarded yaks. Comparative transcriptome in rumen epithelium between growth-retarded and normal yaks identified the differentially expressed genes mainly enriched in immune system, digestive system, extracellular matrix and cell adhesion pathways. CSH addition and ADY addition in basal rations upregulated ruminal VFA absorption (SLC26A3, PAT1, MCT1) and cell junction (CLDN1, CDH1, OCLN) gene expression, and downregulated complement system (C2, C7) gene expression in the growth-retarded yaks. 16S rDNA results showed that CSH addition and ADY addition in basal rations increased the rumen beneficial bacterial populations (Prevotella_1, Butyrivibrio_2, Fibrobacter) of growth-retarded yaks. The correlation analysis identified that ruminal VFAs and beneficial bacteria abundance were significantly positively correlated with cell junction and VFA absorption gene expressions and negatively correlated with complement system gene expressions on the ruminal epithelium. Therefore, CSH addition and ADY addition in basal rations promoted rumen health and body growth of growth-retarded yaks, of which basal ration addition of ADY had the optimal growth-promoting effects. These results suggested that improving nutrition and probiotics addition is a more effective method to improve growth retardation caused by gastrointestinal function deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binghai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanhui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoxi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suonan Zhao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Haibei, China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Haibei, China
| | - Xiangying Kong
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Institute, Haibei, China
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30
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Li J, Yuan X, Dong Z, Mugabe W, Shao T. The effects of fibrolytic enzymes, cellulolytic fungi and bacteria on the fermentation characteristics, structural carbohydrates degradation, and enzymatic conversion yields of Pennisetum sinese silage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:123-130. [PMID: 29800772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biological inoculants were tested on Pennisetum sinese for their effects on fermentation characteristics, structural carbohydrates degradation, and enzymatic conversion yields. Pennisetum sinese was ensiled without additive, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), Trichoderma reesei (Tr), fibrolytic enzymes (E), and Enterococcus faecium (Y83) for 90 days. Y83 silages had higher LA and lower AA, ammonia-N and DM loss as compared to E and Tr silages. Tr and E had superior effects for degrading lignocellulose while Y83 had intermediate effects. The first-order exponential decay models (R2 = 0.928-0.998) predicted nonstructural carbohydrates kinetics and demonstrated high water soluble carbohydrate (g/kg DM) preservation potential in Y83 (21.40), followed by Tr (18.94) and E (16.74). Addition of Y83 improved the conversion efficiency of P. sinese silage than Tr and E, indicated by higher glucose and total reducing sugars yield (22.49 and 36.89 w/w % DM, respectively). In conclusion, Y83 can be exploited for the ensiling lignocellulosic biomass before grass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wazha Mugabe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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31
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Chi X, Li J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Leu SY, Wang Y. Bioaugmentation with Clostridium tyrobutyricum to improve butyric acid production through direct rice straw bioconversion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:562-568. [PMID: 29778795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One-pot bioconversion is an economically attractive biorefinery strategy to reduce enzyme consumption. Direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for butyric acid production is still challenging because of competition among microorganisms. In a consolidated hydrolysis/fermentation bioprocessing (CBP) the microbial structure may eventually prefer the production of caproic acid rather than butyric acid production. This paper presents a new bioaugmentation approach for high butyric acid production from rice straw. By dosing 0.03 g/L of Clostridium tyrobutyricum ATCC 25755 in the CBP, an increase of 226% higher butyric acid was yielded. The selectivity and concentration also increased to 60.7% and 18.05 g/L, respectively. DNA-sequencing confirmed the shift of bacterial community in the augmented CBP. Butyric acid producer was enriched in the bioaugmented bacterial community and the bacteria related to long chain acids production was degenerated. The findings may be useful in future research and process design to enhance productivity of desired bio-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jianzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agriculture University, 59 Mucai Road, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Leu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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32
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Xie X, Yang C, Guan LL, Wang J, Xue M, Liu JX. Persistence of Cellulolytic Bacteria Fibrobacter and Treponema After Short-Term Corn Stover-Based Dietary Intervention Reveals the Potential to Improve Rumen Fibrolytic Function. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1363. [PMID: 29997589 PMCID: PMC6029512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited lignocellulose degradation is the primary obstacle to feed digestion efficiency in ruminant animals. Low-quality forage with high levels of fibrous components can favor the proliferation of fibrolytic bacteria, but whether this can result a profound microbial shift after dietary intervention remains unclear. In this study, we monitored the microbial communities in the rumens of five ruminally cannulated Hu sheep through dietary transition from alfalfa hay (AH, pre-CS) to corn stover (CS, post-CS) and then back to AH (post-AH), with each treatment lasting for 14 days. The CS intervention significantly increased the relative abundance of microorganisms involved in lignocellulose degradation, including Fibrobacter and Treponema. When the diet was switched back to AH, the microbial community did not completely return to a pre-CS treatment state. In the post-AH microbial community, the relative abundances of Fibrobacter and Treponema were persistently high, and were similar to those in the post-CS community. Meanwhile, the diversity of the microbial community increased after dietary transition from AH to CS and remained significantly higher after transition from CS to AH compared to those under the original AH diet. Enzyme activity measurement verified significant increase of carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) and xylanase catalytic activities in the rumen. Microbial functional predictions using Tax4Fun revealed that this microbial persistence may enhance the carbohydrate metabolism pathway in the rumen. In summary, persistence of Fibrobacter and Treponema can be enhanced through a low-quality forage intervention at least for 2 weeks, which may enlighten the reprogram of microbial population in the rumen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le L. Guan
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan Xue
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian X. Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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33
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Li J, Yuan X, Desta ST, Dong Z, Mugabe W, Shao T. Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis JF85 and Enterococcus faecium Y83 isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) for ensiling Pennisetum sinese. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 257:76-83. [PMID: 29486409 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two bacteria strains with cellulolytic potential isolated from Tibetan yak (Bos grunniens) rumen were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (JF85) and Enterococcus faecium (Y83). Isolates grow well within a range of temperature 15 to 55 °C and pH 3.0-7.0, respectively. Two strains were inoculated with or without Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) to Pennisetum sinese silage for 90 days. All inoculants increased lactic acid content, decreased pH and lignocellulose contents compared with silage without additives (control). The lowest pH, highest lactic acid and largest reduction in lignocellulose contents were observed in JF85+Lp and Y83+Lp silages. Isolates alone or in combination with Lp significantly increased WSC, mono- and disaccharides contents as compared to the control. Combined addition efficiently improved enzymatic hydrolysis of Pennisetum sinese silage, indicated by higher glucose yield and cellulose convertibility. Pennisetum sinese ensiled with combined additives is a suitable storage and pretreatment method prior to sugars production from energy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Li
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xianjun Yuan
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Seare T Desta
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wazha Mugabe
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Ensiling and Processing of Grass, College of Prataculture Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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34
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Liu X, Fan P, Che R, Li H, Yi L, Zhao N, Garber PA, Li F, Jiang Z. Fecal bacterial diversity of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Am J Primatol 2018; 80:e22753. [PMID: 29635791 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of primates harbors a complex microbial community, playing an essential role in the degradation of otherwise indigestible structural carbohydrates. The phylogenetic and functional diversity of the bacterial community in the feces as a surrogate for the gastrointestinal tract of wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana, N = 6) was characterized based on sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes. A sex comparison was conducted, with a prior hypothesis that the abundances of the bacterial taxa and/or functional categories associated with energy and nutrient metabolism would be higher in adult females (N = 3) due to the higher reproductive costs compared to adult males (N = 3). Ten phyla were identified in all samples, among which Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant. Included in the above two phyla, the members of Prevotellaceae (Prevotella in particular) and Ruminococcaceae were highly abundant, which are common bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of primates and can degrade various structural carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin. This functionality was in line with the high abundances of the metagenomes associated with carbohydrate metabolism. Consistent with our hypothesis, the abundances of the metagenomes associated with energy metabolism, folding/sorting and degradation, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and metabolism of amino acids were higher in adult females relative to adult males. Sex differences were also detected in the bacterial community structure, although no sex differences in the proportions of any bacterial taxa were found likely due to the small sample size. These results suggested that gastrointestinal bacterial communities may aid adult females in increasing energy and nutrition utilization efficiencies compared to adult males. Fecal bacterial communities were found to be more similar between individuals in adult females than in adult males. Our study presented the first examination of the fecal bacterial diversity of a little-studied, endangered foregut fermenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Penglai Fan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongxiao Che
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Huan Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Yi
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Fang Li
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Yang B, Le J, Wu P, Liu J, Guan LL, Wang J. Alfalfa Intervention Alters Rumen Microbial Community Development in Hu Lambs During Early Life. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:574. [PMID: 29636743 PMCID: PMC5881016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pre-weaning period is crucial for rumen developmental plasticity, which can have a long-term impact on animal performance. Understanding the rumen microbiota during early life is important to elucidate its potential role in rumen development. In this study, the rumen microbiota of 10-day-old Hu lambs fed either milk replacer (B-10), milk replacer and starter (STA) or milk replacer and starter supplemented with alfalfa (S-ALF) in the pre- (d17, 24, and 38) and post-weaning periods (d45 and 66) were assessed to characterize rumen microbial colonization during early life and its response to fiber intervention. In the rumens of B-10 lambs, 498 operational taxonomic units belonging to 33 predominant genera were observed, and the top six predicted functions included “Membrane transport,” “carbohydrate metabolism,” “amino acid metabolism,” “replication and repair,” “translation,” and “energy metabolism.” Prevotella, Succinivibrio, Bifidobacterium, and Butyrivibrio abundances were increased at d38 for both STA and S-ALF groups compared to the B-10 group, whereas fibrolytic bacteria of the taxa Lachnospiraceae and Treponema were only increased in the S-ALF group at d38. A number of saccharolytic bacteria (Bacteroidaceae), organic acid-producing bacteria (Coprococcus and Actinomyces), proteolytic and amino acid fermenters (Fusobacterium) and fibrolytic bacteria (unclassified Ruminococcaceae) were significantly decreased in the STA lambs but not in the S-ALF lambs at d38. After weaning and exposed to alfalfa, the rumen microbial composition in the STA group started to appear similar to that of the S-ALF lambs. The relative abundance of unclassified Clostridiales was higher in S-ALF lambs than STA lambs after weaning. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed positive relationships between unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Clostridiales, Treponema, unclassified Bacteroidales, Coprococcus and crude protein intake, neutral detergent fiber intake, and plasma β-hydroxybutyrate. The unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Treponema were also positively correlated with average daily gain. Our results revealed that alfalfa stimulated changes in rumen microbiota during the pre- and post-weaning periods and was consistent with rumen development for better feed intake and animal performance before and after weaning. The findings of this study provide clues for strategies to improve rumen function through manipulation of the rumen microbiota during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,ZJU-UoA Joint Laboratory for Livestock Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Le
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ZJU-UoA Joint Laboratory for Livestock Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ZJU-UoA Joint Laboratory for Livestock Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ZJU-UoA Joint Laboratory for Livestock Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Le L Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,ZJU-UoA Joint Laboratory for Livestock Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ZJU-UoA Joint Laboratory for Livestock Functional Genomics and Microbiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Enriching ruminal polysaccharide-degrading consortia via co-inoculation with methanogenic sludge and microbial mechanisms of acidification across lignocellulose loading gradients. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:3819-3830. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Ozbayram EG, Ince O, Ince B, Harms H, Kleinsteuber S. Comparison of Rumen and Manure Microbiomes and Implications for the Inoculation of Anaerobic Digesters. Microorganisms 2018; 6:microorganisms6010015. [PMID: 29443879 PMCID: PMC5874629 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle manure is frequently used as an inoculum for the start-up of agricultural biogas plants or as a co-substrate in the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic feedstock. Ruminal microbiota are considered to be effective plant fiber degraders, but the microbes contained in manure do not necessarily reflect the rumen microbiome. The aim of this study was to compare the microbial community composition of cow rumen and manure with respect to plant fiber-digesting microbes. Bacterial and methanogenic communities of rumen and manure samples were examined by 454 amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes, respectively. Rumen fluid samples were dominated by Prevotellaceae (29%), whereas Ruminococcaceae was the most abundant family in the manure samples (31%). Fibrobacteraceae (12%) and Bacteroidaceae (13%) were the second most abundant families in rumen fluid and manure, respectively. The high abundances of fiber-degrading bacteria belonging to Prevotellaceae and Fibrobacteraceae might explain the better performance of anaerobic digesters inoculated with rumen fluid. Members of the genus Methanobrevibacter were the predominant methanogens in the rumen fluid, whereas methanogenic communities of the manure samples were dominated by the candidate genus Methanoplasma. Our results suggest that inoculation or bioaugmentation with fiber-digesting rumen microbiota can enhance the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Gozde Ozbayram
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Orhan Ince
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bahar Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hauke Harms
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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38
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Ozbayram E, Akyol Ç, Ince B, Karakoç C, Ince O. Rumen bacteria at work: bioaugmentation strategies to enhance biogas production from cow manure. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:491-502. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.G. Ozbayram
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Bogazici University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ç. Akyol
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - B. Ince
- Department of Environmental Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Istanbul Technical University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - C. Karakoç
- Department of Environmental Microbiology; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - O. Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences; Bogazici University; Istanbul Turkey
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39
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Mitsumori M. Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from the Rumen. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1796:57-65. [PMID: 29856046 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7877-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To isolate strictly anaerobic rumen bacteria capable of degrading cellulose, environmental and nutritional conditions similar to the rumen environment should be simulated in vitro. One of the most useful techniques for isolating rumen bacteria is the roll-tube technique. In this chapter, the roll-tube technique for isolating cellulolytic rumen bacteria is briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mitsumori
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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40
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Characterization of a xylanolytic bacterial strain C10 isolated from the rumen of a red deer (Cervus elaphus) closely related of the recently described species Actinomyces succiniciruminis, A. glycerinitolerans, and A. ruminicola. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 63:391-399. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0577-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Zeng Y, Zeng D, Ni X, Zhu H, Jian P, Zhou Y, Xu S, Lin Y, Li Y, Yin Z, Pan K, Jing B. Microbial community compositions in the gastrointestinal tract of Chinese Mongolian sheep using Illumina MiSeq sequencing revealed high microbial diversity. AMB Express 2017; 7:75. [PMID: 28378284 PMCID: PMC5380569 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-017-0378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese Mongolian sheep are an important ruminant raised for wool and meat production. However, little is known about the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of Chinese Mongolian sheep. To increase our understanding of the microbial community composition in the GIT of Chinese Mongolian sheep, microbiota of five sheep is investigate for the first time using the Illumina MiSeq platform. High microbial diversity was obtained from the GIT, and the microbiota exhibited a higher biodiversity in the stomach and large intestine than in the small intestine. Firmicutes (44.62%), Bacteroidetes (38.49%), and Proteobacteria (4.11%) were the three most abundant phyla present in the GIT of the sheep. The present study also revealed the core genera of Prevotella, Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Oscillospira, Treponema, and Desulfovibrio in the GIT. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States indicated that the metabolic pathway related to carbohydrate metabolism was the richest in the sheep GIT. In addition, a series of metabolic pathways related to plant secondary metabolism was most abundant in the stomach and large intestine than in the small intestine. Overall, the present study provides insight into the microbial community composition in GIT of the Chinese Mongolian sheep which is highly diverse and needs to be studied further to exploit the complex interactions with the host.
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42
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Kim E, Shin SG, Jannat MAH, Tongco JV, Hwang S. Use of food waste-recycling wastewater as an alternative carbon source for denitrification process: A full-scale study. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 245:1016-1021. [PMID: 28946203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.08.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Using organic wastes as an alternative to commercial carbon sources could be beneficial by reducing costs and environmental impacts. In this study, food waste-recycling wastewater (FRW) was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for biological denitrification over a period of seven months in a full-scale sewage wastewater treatment plant. The denitrification performance was stable with a mean nitrate removal efficiency of 97.2%. Propionate was initially the most persistent volatile fatty acid, but was completely utilized after 19days. Eubacteriacea, Saprospiraceae, Rhodocyclaceae and Comamonadaceae were the major bacterial families during FRW treatment and were regarded as responsible for hydrolysis (former two) and nitrate removal (latter two) of FRW. These results demonstrate that FRW can be an effective external carbon source; process stabilization was linked to the acclimation and function of bacterial populations to the change of carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Kim
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Seung Gu Shin
- Department of Energy Engineering, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTECH), Jinju, South Korea
| | - Md Abu Hanifa Jannat
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Jovale Vincent Tongco
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hwang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
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43
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Enrichment of lignocellulose-degrading microbial communities from natural and engineered methanogenic environments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:1035-1043. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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44
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Boonsaen P, Kinjo M, Sawanon S, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Kobayashi Y. Partial characterization of phylogeny, ecology and function of the fibrolytic bacteriumRuminococcus flavefaciens OS14, newly isolated from the rumen of swamp buffalo. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:377-385. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phoompong Boonsaen
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen; Kasetsart University; Nakhon Pathom Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food; Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Madoka Kinjo
- Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition; Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Suriya Sawanon
- Department of Animal Science; Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen; Kasetsart University; Nakhon Pathom Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies for Agriculture and Food; Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition; Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition; Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Function and Nutrition; Research Faculty of Agriculture; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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45
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Deng Y, Huang Z, Zhao M, Ruan W, Miao H, Ren H. Effects of co-inoculating rice straw with ruminal microbiota and anaerobic sludge: digestion performance and spatial distribution of microbial communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:5937-5948. [PMID: 28536735 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ruminal microbiota (RM) were co-inoculated with anaerobic sludge (AS) at different ratios to study the digestion of rice straw in batch experiments. The CH4 yield reached 273.64 mL/g volatile solid (VS) at a co-inoculum ratio of 1:1. The xylanase and cellulase activities were 198.88-212.88 and 24.51-29.08 U/mL in co-inoculated samples, respectively, and were significantly different compared to the results for single inoculum (p < 0.05). Higher ratios of AS enhanced acetoclastic methanogenesis, and propionate accumulation could be the main reason for the longer lag phase observed in samples with a higher RM ratio. The microbial compositions were clearly altered after digestion. Fibrobacter, Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio from the rumen did not settle in the co-inoculated system, whereas Clostridiales members became the main polysaccharide degraders. Microbial interactions involving hydrolytic bacteria and acetoclastic methanogens in the residue were considered to be significant for hydrolysis activities and methane production. Syntrophy involving propionate oxidizers with associated methanogens occurred in the liquid phase. Our findings provide a better understanding of the anaerobic digestion of rice straw that is driven by specific microbial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Deng
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Mingxing Zhao
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Wuxi, 214122, China
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46
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Baba Y, Matsuki Y, Mori Y, Suyama Y, Tada C, Fukuda Y, Saito M, Nakai Y. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass by cattle rumen fluid for methane production: Bacterial flora and enzyme activity analysis. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:489-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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47
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Ozbayram EG, Kleinsteuber S, Nikolausz M, Ince B, Ince O. Effect of bioaugmentation by cellulolytic bacteria enriched from sheep rumen on methane production from wheat straw. Anaerobe 2017; 46:122-130. [PMID: 28323135 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the potential of bioaugmentation with cellulolytic rumen microbiota to enhance the anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic feedstock. An anaerobic cellulolytic culture was enriched from sheep rumen fluid using wheat straw as substrate under mesophilic conditions. To investigate the effects of bioaugmentation on methane production from straw, the enrichment culture was added to batch reactors in proportions of 2% (Set-1) and 4% (Set-2) of the microbial cell number of the standard inoculum slurry. The methane production in the bioaugmented reactors was higher than in the control reactors. After 30 days of batch incubation, the average methane yield was 154 mLN CH4 gVS-1 in the control reactors. Addition of 2% enrichment culture did not enhance methane production, whereas in Set-2 the methane yield was increased by 27%. The bacterial communities were examined by 454 amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, while terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) fingerprinting of mcrA genes was applied to analyze the methanogenic communities. The results highlighted that relative abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae increased during the enrichment. However, Cloacamonaceae, which were abundant in the standard inoculum, dominated the bacterial communities of all batch reactors. T-RFLP profiles revealed that Methanobacteriales were predominant in the rumen fluid, whereas the enrichment culture was dominated by Methanosarcinales. In the batch rectors, the most abundant methanogens were affiliated to Methanobacteriales and Methanomicrobiales. Our results suggest that bioaugmentation with sheep rumen enrichment cultures can enhance the performance of digesters treating lignocellulosic feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gozde Ozbayram
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sabine Kleinsteuber
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Marcell Nikolausz
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bahar Ince
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Boğaziçi University, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Orhan Ince
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
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48
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Comtet-Marre S, Parisot N, Lepercq P, Chaucheyras-Durand F, Mosoni P, Peyretaillade E, Bayat AR, Shingfield KJ, Peyret P, Forano E. Metatranscriptomics Reveals the Active Bacterial and Eukaryotic Fibrolytic Communities in the Rumen of Dairy Cow Fed a Mixed Diet. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:67. [PMID: 28197133 PMCID: PMC5281551 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminants have a unique ability to derive energy from the degradation of plant polysaccharides through the activity of the rumen microbiota. Although this process is well studied in vitro, knowledge gaps remain regarding the relative contribution of the microbiota members and enzymes in vivo. The present study used RNA-sequencing to reveal both the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) by the rumen microbiota of a lactating dairy cow and the microorganisms forming the fiber-degrading community. Functional analysis identified 12,237 CAZymes, accounting for 1% of the transcripts. The CAZyme profile was dominated by families GH94 (cellobiose-phosphorylase), GH13 (amylase), GH43 and GH10 (hemicellulases), GH9 and GH48 (cellulases), PL11 (pectinase) as well as GH2 and GH3 (oligosaccharidases). Our data support the pivotal role of the most characterized fibrolytic bacteria (Prevotella, Ruminocccus and Fibrobacter), and highlight a substantial, although most probably underestimated, contribution of fungi and ciliate protozoa to polysaccharide degradation. Particularly these results may motivate further exploration of the role and the functions of protozoa in the rumen. Moreover, an important part of the fibrolytic bacterial community remains to be characterized since one third of the CAZyme transcripts originated from distantly related strains. These findings are used to highlight limitations of current metatranscriptomics approaches to understand the functional rumen microbial community and opportunities to circumvent them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Parisot
- EA4678 CIDAM, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascale Lepercq
- UR454 Unité de Microbiologie, INRA Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Pascale Mosoni
- UR454 Unité de Microbiologie, INRA Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Eric Peyretaillade
- EA4678 CIDAM, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ali R Bayat
- Nutritional Physiology, Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Kevin J Shingfield
- Nutritional Physiology, Green Technology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke)Jokioinen, Finland; Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Pierre Peyret
- EA4678 CIDAM, Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Evelyne Forano
- UR454 Unité de Microbiologie, INRA Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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49
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FitzGerald JA, Allen E, Wall DM, Jackson SA, Murphy JD, Dobson ADW. Methanosarcina Play an Important Role in Anaerobic Co-Digestion of the Seaweed Ulva lactuca: Taxonomy and Predicted Metabolism of Functional Microbial Communities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142603. [PMID: 26555136 PMCID: PMC4640829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Macro-algae represent an ideal resource of third generation biofuels, but their use necessitates a refinement of commonly used anaerobic digestion processes. In a previous study, contrasting mixes of dairy slurry and the macro-alga Ulva lactuca were anaerobically digested in mesophilic continuously stirred tank reactors for 40 weeks. Higher proportions of U. lactuca in the feedstock led to inhibited digestion and rapid accumulation of volatile fatty acids, requiring a reduced organic loading rate. In this study, 16S pyrosequencing was employed to characterise the microbial communities of both the weakest (R1) and strongest (R6) performing reactors from the previous work as they developed over a 39 and 27-week period respectively. Comparing the reactor communities revealed clear differences in taxonomy, predicted metabolic orientation and mechanisms of inhibition, while constrained canonical analysis (CCA) showed ammonia and biogas yield to be the strongest factors differentiating the two reactor communities. Significant biomarker taxa and predicted metabolic activities were identified for viable and failing anaerobic digestion of U. lactuca. Acetoclastic methanogens were inhibited early in R1 operation, followed by a gradual decline of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Near-total loss of methanogens led to an accumulation of acetic acid that reduced performance of R1, while a slow decline in biogas yield in R6 could be attributed to inhibition of acetogenic rather than methanogenic activity. The improved performance of R6 is likely to have been as a result of the large Methanosarcina population, which enabled rapid removal of acetic acid, providing favourable conditions for substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A. FitzGerald
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI) Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin Allen
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI) Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David M. Wall
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI) Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen A. Jackson
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jerry D. Murphy
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland, Marine Renewable Energy Ireland (MaREI) Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alan D. W. Dobson
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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50
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Nathani NM, Duggirala SM, M CS, Kothari RK, Joshi CG. Isolation of chitinolytic Clostridium sp. NCR from Mehsani buffalo rumen, its genomic analysis and potential role in rumen. GENOMICS DATA 2015; 5:109-11. [PMID: 26484236 PMCID: PMC4583630 DOI: 10.1016/j.gdata.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis of Clostridium sp. NCR, an anaerobic Gram positive bacterium which was isolated from rumen fluid of Mehsani breed of buffalo revealed presence of various environmental gene tags (EGTs) involved in pathways for utilizing a wide range of substrates. Here we report the sequence of this rumen isolate, its whole genome sequence has been deposited in DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the accession number JQHY00000000. The genome comprises of a 3.62-Mb draft genome with a G + C content of 28.10%, which encodes a total of 3126 proteins. Functional analysis provides information about the microbe's role in maintaining host homeostasis and its fiber degradation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam M Nathani
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India ; Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Chandra Shekar M
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramesh K Kothari
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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