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Kaushik S, Yadav J, Das S, Singh S, Jyoti A, Srivastava VK, Sharma V, Kumar S, Kumar S. Deciphering the Role of S-adenosyl Homocysteine Nucleosidase in Quorum
Sensing Mediated Biofilm Formation. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:211-225. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220519152507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) is a protein that plays a crucial role in several
pathways of bacteria that are essential for its survival and pathogenesis. In addition to the role of
MTAN in methyl-transfer reactions, methionine biosynthesis, and polyamine synthesis, MTAN is also
involved in bacterial quorum sensing (QS). In QS, chemical signaling autoinducer (AI) secreted by
bacteria assists cell to cell communication and is regulated in a cell density-dependent manner. They
play a significant role in the formation of bacterial biofilm. MTAN plays a major role in the synthesis
of these autoinducers. Signaling molecules secreted by bacteria, i.e., AI-1 are recognized as acylated
homoserine lactones (AHL) that function as signaling molecules within bacteria. QS enables bacteria
to establish physical interactions leading to biofilm formation. The formation of biofilm is a primary
reason for the development of multidrug-resistant properties in pathogenic bacteria like Enterococcus
faecalis (E. faecalis). In this regard, inhibition of E. faecalis MTAN (EfMTAN) will block the QS and
alter the bacterial biofilm formation. In addition to this, it will also block methionine biosynthesis and
many other critical metabolic processes. It should also be noted that inhibition of EfMTAN will not
have any effect on human beings as this enzyme is not present in humans. This review provides a comprehensive
overview of the structural-functional relationship of MTAN. We have also highlighted the
current status, enigmas that warrant further studies, and the prospects for identifying potential inhibitors
of EfMTAN for the treatment of E. faecalis infections. In addition to this, we have also reported
structural studies of EfMTAN using homology modeling and highlighted the putative binding sites of
the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Satyajeet Das
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
- Structural Biology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Suraj Singh
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anupam Jyoti
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Vinay Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujeet Kumar
- Centre for Proteomics and Drug Discovery, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Maharashtra, India
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Helmy YA, Deblais L, Kassem II, Kathayat D, Rajashekara G. Novel small molecule modulators of quorum sensing in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). Virulence 2019; 9:1640-1657. [PMID: 30270715 PMCID: PMC7000209 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2018.1528844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), is an economically important bacterial disease of poultry. APEC are a subgroup of extra intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) and poultry are considered potential sources of foodborne ExPEC to humans. Currently, APEC infections in poultry are controlled by antibiotics and/or vaccination; however, their effect is limited due to emergence of antibiotic resistant strains and infections with heterologous serotypes. Therefore, novel approaches are needed. Here, using the bioluminescent quorum sensing (QS) autoinducer 2 (AI-2) indicator Vibrio harveyi BB170, we screened the cell free culture supernatant of APEC O78 prepared from cultures grown in the presence of 4,182 small molecules (SMs; 100 μM). A total of 69 SMs inhibited > 75% of APEC O78 AI-2 activity in the indicator bacteria. Ten SMs that showed highest AI-2 inhibition were selected for further studies. Most of these SMs inhibited the AI-2 activity of other APEC serotypes and significantly reduced APEC O78 biofilm formation and motility. Most compounds showed minimal toxicity on human intestinal cells (Caco-2), chicken macrophage (HD-11), and chicken and sheep red blood cells, and reduced APEC survival in HD-11 and THP-1 macrophages. The SMs induced no or minimal toxicity and conferred protection against APEC in wax moth larval model. SMs affected the expression of APEC O78 QS, virulence, biofilm and motility associated genes providing insight on their potential mode(s) of action. Further testing in chickens will facilitate development of these SMs as novel therapeutics to control APEC in poultry and thereby also reduce zoonotic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra A Helmy
- a Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , The Ohio State University , Wooster , OH , USA.,b Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Suez Canal University , Ismailia , Egypt
| | - Loic Deblais
- a Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , The Ohio State University , Wooster , OH , USA
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- a Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , The Ohio State University , Wooster , OH , USA.,c Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Dipak Kathayat
- a Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , The Ohio State University , Wooster , OH , USA
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- a Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center , The Ohio State University , Wooster , OH , USA
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Han T, Li Y, Shan Q, Liang W, Hao W, Li Y, Tan X, Gu J. Characterization of S -adenosylhomocysteine/Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase on secretion of AI-2 and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli. Microb Pathog 2017; 108:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kang X, Zhao Y, Jiang D, Li X, Wang X, Wu Y, Chen Z, Zhang XC. Crystal structure and biochemical studies of Brucella melitensis 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:965-70. [PMID: 24657441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prokaryotic 5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN) catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of the glycosidic bond in 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), a process that plays a key role in several metabolic pathways. Its absence in all mammalian species has implicated this enzyme as a promising target for antimicrobial drug design. Here, we report the crystal structure of BmMTAN in complex with its product adenine at a resolution of 2.6 Å determined by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion method. 11 key residues were mutated for kinetic characterization. Mutations of Tyr134 and Met144 resulted in the largest overall increase in Km, whereas mutagenesis of residues Glu18, Glu145 and Asp168 completely abolished activity. Glu145 and Asp168 were identified as active site residues essential for catalysis. The catalytic mechanism and implications of this structure for broad-based antibiotic design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Kang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Daohua Jiang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianping Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xuejun C Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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