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Bouzroud S, Henkrar F, Fahr M, Smouni A. Salt stress responses and alleviation strategies in legumes: a review of the current knowledge. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:287. [PMID: 37520340 PMCID: PMC10382465 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03643-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most significant environmental factors limiting legumes development and productivity. Salt stress disturbs all developmental stages of legumes and affects their hormonal regulation, photosynthesis and biological nitrogen fixation, causing nutritional imbalance, plant growth inhibition and yield losses. At the molecular level, salt stress exposure involves large number of factors that are implicated in stress perception, transduction, and regulation of salt responsive genes' expression through the intervention of transcription factors. Along with the complex gene network, epigenetic regulation mediated by non-coding RNAs, and DNA methylation events are also involved in legumes' response to salinity. Different alleviation strategies can increase salt tolerance in legume plants. The most promising ones are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobia, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, seed and plant's priming. Genetic manipulation offers an effective approach for improving salt tolerance. In this review, we present a detailed overview of the adverse effect of salt stress on legumes and their molecular responses. We also provide an overview of various ameliorative strategies that have been implemented to mitigate/overcome the harmful effects of salt stress on legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bouzroud
- Equipe de Microbiologie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fatima Henkrar
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Fahr
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Smouni
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Physiologie Végétales, Centre de Biotechnologie Végétale et Microbienne Biodiversité et Environnement, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratoire Mixte International Activité Minière Responsable “LMI-AMIR”, IRD/UM5R/INAU, 10000 Rabat, Morocco
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Gamalero E, Glick BR. Recent Advances in Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Drought and Salt Stress. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030437. [PMID: 35336811 PMCID: PMC8945159 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Salt and drought stress cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Several different approaches may be taken to address this problem, including increased use of irrigation, use of both traditional breeding and genetic engineering to develop salt-tolerant and drought-resistant crop plants, and the directed use of naturally occurring plant growth-promoting bacteria. Here, the mechanisms used by these plant growth-promoting bacteria are summarized and discussed. Moreover, recently reported studies of the effects that these organisms have on the growth of plants in the laboratory, the greenhouse, and the field under high salt and/or drought conditions is discussed in some detail. It is hoped that by understanding the mechanisms that these naturally occurring plant growth-promoting bacteria utilize to overcome damaging environmental stresses, it may be possible to employ these organisms to increase future agricultural productivity. Abstract The recent literature indicates that plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) employ a range of mechanisms to augment a plant’s ability to ameliorate salt and drought stress. These mechanisms include synthesis of auxins, especially indoleacetic acid, which directly promotes plant growth; synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which prevents the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species; synthesis of small molecule osmolytes, e.g., trehalose and proline, which structures the water content within plant and bacterial cells and reduces plant turgor pressure; nitrogen fixation, which directly improves plant growth; synthesis of exopolysaccharides, which protects plant cells from water loss and stabilizes soil aggregates; synthesis of antibiotics, which protects stress-debilitated plants from soil pathogens; and synthesis of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which lowers the level of ACC and ethylene in plants, thereby decreasing stress-induced plant senescence. Many of the reports of overcoming these plant stresses indicate that the most successful PGPB possess several of these mechanisms; however, the involvement of any particular mechanism in plant protection is nearly always inferred and not proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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Naamala J, Smith DL. Microbial Derived Compounds Are a Promising Approach to Mitigating Salinity Stress in Agricultural Crops. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765320. [PMID: 34867895 PMCID: PMC8640360 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of microbial derived compounds is a technological approach currently gaining popularity among researchers, with hopes of complementing, supplementing and addressing key issues associated with use of microbial cells for enhancing plant growth. The new technology is a promising approach to mitigating effects of salinity stress in agricultural crops, given that these compounds could be less prone to effects of salt stress, are required in small quantities and are easier to store and handle than microbial cells. Microorganism derived compounds such as thuricin17, lipochitooligosaccharides, phytohormones and volatile organic compounds have been reported to mitigate the effects of salt stress in agricultural crops such as soybean and wheat. This mini-review compiles current knowledge regarding the use of microbe derived compounds in mitigating salinity stress in crops, the mechanisms they employ as well as future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Naamala
- Smith Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Donald L Smith
- Smith Laboratory, Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Goyal RK, Schmidt MA, Hynes MF. Molecular Biology in the Improvement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Rhizobia and Extending the Scope to Cereals. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010125. [PMID: 33430332 PMCID: PMC7825764 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to the total N requirement of food and feed crops diminished in importance with the advent of synthetic N fertilizers, which fueled the “green revolution”. Despite being environmentally unfriendly, the synthetic versions gained prominence primarily due to their low cost, and the fact that most important staple crops never evolved symbiotic associations with bacteria. In the recent past, advances in our knowledge of symbiosis and nitrogen fixation and the development and application of recombinant DNA technology have created opportunities that could help increase the share of symbiotically-driven nitrogen in global consumption. With the availability of molecular biology tools, rapid improvements in symbiotic characteristics of rhizobial strains became possible. Further, the technology allowed probing the possibility of establishing a symbiotic dialogue between rhizobia and cereals. Because the evolutionary process did not forge a symbiotic relationship with the latter, the potential of molecular manipulations has been tested to incorporate a functional mechanism of nitrogen reduction independent of microbes. In this review, we discuss various strategies applied to improve rhizobial strains for higher nitrogen fixation efficiency, more competitiveness and enhanced fitness under unfavorable environments. The challenges and progress made towards nitrogen self-sufficiency of cereals are also reviewed. An approach to integrate the genetically modified elite rhizobia strains in crop production systems is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder K. Goyal
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Augusta Schmidt
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Michael F. Hynes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
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Paço A, da-Silva JR, Torres DP, Glick BR, Brígido C. Exogenous ACC Deaminase Is Key to Improving the Performance of Pasture Legume-Rhizobial Symbioses in the Presence of a High Manganese Concentration. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121630. [PMID: 33255180 PMCID: PMC7760732 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) toxicity is a very common soil stress around the world, which is responsible for low soil fertility. This manuscript evaluates the effect of the endophytic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Q1 on different rhizobial-legume symbioses in the absence and presence of Mn toxicity. Three legume species, Cicer arietinum (chickpea), Trifolium subterraneum (subterranean clover), and Medicago polymorpha (burr medic) were used. To evaluate the role of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase produced by strain Q1 in these interactions, an ACC deaminase knockout mutant of this strain was constructed and used in those trials. The Q1 strain only promoted the symbiotic performance of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii ATCC 14480T and Ensifer meliloti ATCC 9930T, leading to an increase of the growth of their hosts in both conditions. Notably, the acdS gene disruption of strain Q1 abolished the beneficial effect of this bacterium as well as causing this mutant strain to act deleteriously in those specific symbioses. This study suggests that the addition of non-rhizobia with functional ACC deaminase may be a strategy to improve the pasture legume–rhizobial symbioses, particularly when the use of rhizobial strains alone does not yield the expected results due to their difficulty in competing with native strains or in adapting to inhibitory soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paço
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.R.d.-S.); (D.P.T.)
| | - José Rodrigo da-Silva
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.R.d.-S.); (D.P.T.)
| | - Denise Pereira Torres
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.R.d.-S.); (D.P.T.)
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Clarisse Brígido
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (A.P.); (J.R.d.-S.); (D.P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-266-760-878
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Fernández-Llamosas H, Ibero J, Thijs S, Imperato V, Vangronsveld J, Díaz E, Carmona M. Enhancing the Rice Seedlings Growth Promotion Abilities of Azoarcus sp. CIB by Heterologous Expression of ACC Deaminase to Improve Performance of Plants Exposed to Cadmium Stress. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1453. [PMID: 32971998 PMCID: PMC7564240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants can generate stress in plants causing increased ethylene production that leads to the inhibition of plant growth. Ethylene production by the stressed plant may be lowered by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) that metabolizes the immediate precursor of ethylene 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC). Thus, engineering PGPB with ACC deaminase activity can be a promising alternative to mitigate the harmful effects of pollutants and thus enhance plant production. Here we show that the aromatics-degrading and metal-resistant Azoarcus sp. CIB behaves as a PGP-bacterium when colonizing rice as an endophyte, showing a 30% increment in plant weight compared to non-inoculated plants. The cloning and expression of an acdS gene led to a recombinant strain, Azoarcus sp. CIB (pSEVA237acdS), possessing significant ACC deaminase activity (6716 nmol mg-1 h-1), constituting the first PGPB of the Rhodocyclaceae family equipped with this PGP trait. The recombinant CIB strain acquired the ability to protect inoculated rice plants from the stress induced by cadmium (Cd) exposure and to increase the Cd concentration in rice seedlings. The observed decrease of the levels of reactive oxygen species levels in rice roots confirms such a protective effect. The broad-host-range pSEVA237acdS plasmid paves the way to engineer PGPB with ACC deaminase activity to improve the growth of plants that might face stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Fernández-Llamosas
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.F.-L.); (J.I.); (E.D.)
| | - Juan Ibero
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.F.-L.); (J.I.); (E.D.)
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.T.); (V.I.); (J.V.)
| | - Valeria Imperato
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.T.); (V.I.); (J.V.)
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Department of Environmental Biology, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium; (S.T.); (V.I.); (J.V.)
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie University, 20-0033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Eduardo Díaz
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.F.-L.); (J.I.); (E.D.)
| | - Manuel Carmona
- Microbial and Plant Biotechnology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (H.F.-L.); (J.I.); (E.D.)
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7
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Alemneh AA, Zhou Y, Ryder MH, Denton MD. Mechanisms in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that enhance legume-rhizobial symbioses. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1133-1156. [PMID: 32592603 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an important biological process in terrestrial ecosystems and for global crop production. Legume nodulation and N2 fixation have been improved using nodule-enhancing rhizobacteria (NER) under both regular and stressed conditions. The positive effect of NER on legume-rhizobia symbiosis can be facilitated by plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms, some of which remain to be identified. NER that produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase and indole acetic acid enhance the legume-rhizobia symbiosis through (i) enhancing the nodule induction, (ii) improving the competitiveness of rhizobia for nodulation, (iii) prolonging functional nodules by suppressing nodule senescence and (iv) upregulating genes associated with legume-rhizobia symbiosis. The means by which these processes enhance the legume-rhizobia symbiosis is the focus of this review. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which PGP rhizobacteria operate, and how they can be altered, will provide opportunities to enhance legume-rhizobial interactions, to provide new advances in plant growth promotion and N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alemneh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Y Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - M H Ryder
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - M D Denton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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8
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Mediterranean Native Leguminous Plants: A Reservoir of Endophytic Bacteria with Potential to Enhance Chickpea Growth under Stress Conditions. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100392. [PMID: 31557944 PMCID: PMC6843138 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes, a subset of a plant’s microbiota, can facilitate plant growth by a number of different mechanisms. The aims of this study were to assess the diversity and functionality of endophytic bacterial strains from internal root tissues of native legume species grown in two distinct sites in South of Portugal and to evaluate their ability to promote plant growth. Here, 122 endophytic bacterial isolates were obtained from 12 different native legume species. Most of these bacteria possess at least one of the plant growth-promoting features tested in vitro, with indole acetic acid production being the most common feature among the isolates followed by the production of siderophores and inorganic phosphate solubilization. The results of in planta experiments revealed that co-inoculation of chickpea plants with specific endophytic bacteria along with N2-fixing symbionts significantly improved the total biomass of chickpea plants, in particular when these plants were grown under saline conditions. Altogether, this study revealed that Mediterranean native legume species are a reservoir of plant growth-promoting bacteria, that are also tolerant to salinity and to toxic levels of Mn. Thus, these bacterial endophytes are well adapted to common constraints present in soils of this region which constitutes important factors to consider in the development of bacterial inoculants for stressful conditions in the Mediterranean region.
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9
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Diversity and Functionality of Culturable Endophytic Bacterial Communities in Chickpea Plants. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8020042. [PMID: 30769814 PMCID: PMC6409739 DOI: 10.3390/plants8020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to isolate, identify and characterize culturable endophytic bacteria from chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) roots grown in different soils. In addition, the effects of rhizobial inoculation, soil and stress on the functionality of those culturable endophytic bacterial communities were also investigated. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the endophytic bacteria isolated in this work belong to the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, with Enterobacter and Pseudomonas being the most frequently observed genera. Production of indoleacetic acid and ammonia were the most widespread plant growth-promoting features, while antifungal activity was relatively rare among the isolates. Despite the fact that the majority of bacterial endophytes were salt- and Mn-tolerant, the isolates obtained from soil with Mn toxicity were generally more Mn-tolerant than those obtained from the same soil amended with dolomitic limestone. Several associations between an isolate's genus and specific plant growth-promoting mechanisms were observed. The data suggest that soil strongly impacts the Mn tolerance of endophytic bacterial communities present in chickpea roots while rhizobial inoculation induces significant changes in terms of isolates' plant growth-promoting abilities. In addition, this study also revealed chickpea-associated endophytic bacteria that could be exploited as sources with potential application in agriculture.
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Nascimento FX, Tavares MJ, Glick BR, Rossi MJ. Improvement of Cupriavidus taiwanensis Nodulation and Plant Growth Promoting Abilities by the Expression of an Exogenous ACC Deaminase Gene. Curr Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29516180 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Several rhizobial strains possess the ability to modulate leguminous plants ethylene levels by producing the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. While the effect of ACC deaminase has been studied in several rhizobia belonging to the Alphaproteobacteria class, not much is understood about its impact in the nodulation abilities of rhizobia belonging to the Betaproteobacteria class, which are common symbionts of Mimosa species. In this work, we report the impact of ACC deaminase production by the Betaproteobacterium, Cupriavidus taiwanensis STM894, and its role in the nodulation of Mimosa pudica. C. taiwanensis STM894 was studied following its transformation with the plasmid pRKACC, containing an ACC deaminase gene. The expression of the exogenous ACC deaminase led to increased nodulation and M. pudica growth promotion by C. taiwanensis STM894. These results indicate that ACC deaminase plays an important role in modulating ethylene levels that inhibit the nodulation process induced by both rhizobia belonging to the Alpha and Betaproteobacteria class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Nascimento
- Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Maria J Tavares
- Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Márcio J Rossi
- Laboratório de Bioprocessos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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11
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Jaemsaeng R, Jantasuriyarat C, Thamchaipenet A. Molecular interaction of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD)-producing endophytic Streptomyces sp. GMKU 336 towards salt-stress resistance of Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML105. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1950. [PMID: 29386629 PMCID: PMC5792428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD)-producing endophytic Streptomyces sp. GMKU 336 and its ACCD-deficient mutant were inoculated into Thai jasmine rice Khao Dok Mali 105 cultivar (Oryza sativa L. cv. KDML105) under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) conditions. The results clearly indicated that Streptomyces sp. GMKU 336 significantly increased plant growth, chlorophyll, proline, K+, Ca+, and water contents; but decreased ethylene, reactive oxygen species (ROS), Na+, and Na+/K+ ratio when compared to plants not inoculated and those inoculated with the ACCD-deficient mutant. Expression profiles of stress responsive genes in rice in association with strain GMKU 336 were correlated to plant physiological characteristics. Genes involved in the ethylene pathway, ACO1 and EREBP1, were significantly down-regulated; while acdS encoding ACCD in Streptomyces sp. GMKU 336 was up-regulated in vivo. Furthermore, genes involved in osmotic balance (BADH1), Na+ transporters (NHX1 and SOS1), calmodulin (Cam1-1), and antioxidant enzymes (CuZn-SOD1 and CATb) were up-regulated; whereas, a gene implicated in a signaling cascade, MAPK5, was down-regulated. This work demonstrates the first time that ACCD-producing Streptomyces sp. GMKU 336 enhances growth of rice and increases salt tolerance by reduction of ethylene via the action of ACCD and further assists plants to scavenge ROS, balance ion content and osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaniwan Jaemsaeng
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Arinthip Thamchaipenet
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University (CASTNAR, NRU-KU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Menendez E, Garcia-Fraile P. Plant probiotic bacteria: solutions to feed the world. AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:502-524. [PMID: 31294173 PMCID: PMC6604988 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing human population expected in the next decades, the growing demand of livestock products-which production requires higher amounts of feed products fabrication, the collective concern about food quality in industrialized countries together with the need to protect the fertility of soils, in particular, and the environment, in general, constitute as a whole big challenge that worldwide agriculture has to face nowadays. Some soil bacteria harbor mechanisms to promote plant growth, which include phytostimulation, nutrient mobilization, biocontrol of plant pathogens and abiotic stresses protection. These bacteria have also been proved as promoters of vegetable food quality. Therefore, these microbes, also so-called Plant Probiotic Bacteria, applied as biofertilizers in crop production, constitute an environmental friendly manner to contribute to produce the food and feed needed to sustain world population. In this review, we summarize some of the best-known mechanisms of plant probiotic bacteria to improve plant growth and develop a more sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Menendez
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Paula Garcia-Fraile
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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da-Silva JR, Alexandre A, Brígido C, Oliveira S. Can stress response genes be used to improve the symbiotic performance of rhizobia? AIMS Microbiol 2017; 3:365-382. [PMID: 31294167 PMCID: PMC6604987 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2017.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil bacteria able to form symbioses with legumes and fix atmospheric nitrogen, converting it into a form that can be assimilated by the plant. The biological nitrogen fixation is a possible strategy to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the use of chemical N-fertilizers in agricultural fields. Successful colonization of the host root by free-living rhizobia requires that these bacteria are able to deal with adverse conditions in the soil, in addition to stresses that may occur in their endosymbiotic life inside the root nodules. Stress response genes, such as otsAB, groEL, clpB, rpoH play an important role in tolerance of free-living rhizobia to different environmental conditions and some of these genes have been shown to be involved in the symbiosis. This review will focus on stress response genes that have been reported to improve the symbiotic performance of rhizobia with their host plants. For example, chickpea plants inoculated with a Mesorhizobium strain modified with extra copies of the groEL gene showed a symbiotic effectiveness approximately 1.5 fold higher than plants inoculated with the wild-type strain. Despite these promising results, more studies are required to obtain highly efficient and tolerant rhizobia strains, suitable for different edaphoclimatic conditions, to be used as field inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rodrigo da-Silva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Alexandre
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Clarisse Brígido
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Solange Oliveira
- Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (ICAAM), Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada (IIFA), Universidade de Évora, Apartado 94, 7002-554 Évora, Portugal
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Brígido C, Glick BR, Oliveira S. Survey of Plant Growth-Promoting Mechanisms in Native Portuguese Chickpea Mesorhizobium Isolates. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 73:900-915. [PMID: 27904921 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobia may possess other plant growth-promoting mechanisms besides nitrogen fixation. These mechanisms and the tolerance to different environmental factors, such as metals, may contribute to the use of rhizobia inocula to establish a successful legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Our goal was to characterize a collection of native Portuguese chickpea Mesorhizobium isolates in terms of plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits and tolerance to different metals as well as to investigate whether these characteristics are related to the biogeography of the isolates. The occurrence of six PGP mechanisms and tolerance to five metals were evaluated in 61 chickpea Mesorhizobium isolates previously obtained from distinct provinces in Portugal and assigned to different species clusters. Chickpea microsymbionts show high diversity in terms of PGP traits as well as in their ability to tolerate different metals. All isolates synthesized indoleacetic acid, 50 isolates produced siderophores, 19 isolates solubilized phosphate, 12 isolates displayed acid phosphatase activity, and 22 exhibited cytokinin activity. Most isolates tolerated Zn or Pb but not Ni, Co, or Cu. Several associations between specific PGP mechanisms and the province of origin and species clusters of the isolates were found. Our data suggests that the isolate's tolerance to metals and ability to solubilize inorganic phosphate and to produce IAA may be responsible for the persistence and distribution of the native Portuguese chickpea Mesorhizobium species. Furthermore, this study revealed several chickpea microsymbionts with potential as PGP rhizobacteria as well as for utilization in phytoremediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Brígido
- ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo), Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
- IIFA-Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Solange Oliveira
- ICAAM-Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas (Laboratório de Microbiologia do Solo), Universidade de Évora, Núcleo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7002-554, Évora, Portugal.
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Hernández AG, de Moura GD, Binati RL, Nascimento FXI, Londoño DM, Mamede ACP, da Silva EP, de Armas RD, Giachini AJ, Rossi MJ, Soares CRFS. Selection and characterization of coal mine autochthonous rhizobia for the inoculation of herbaceous legumes. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:991-1001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Lemaire B, Van Cauwenberghe J, Chimphango S, Stirton C, Honnay O, Smets E, Muasya AM. Recombination and horizontal transfer of nodulation and ACC deaminase (acdS) genes within Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria nodulating legumes of the Cape Fynbos biome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv118. [PMID: 26433010 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work is to study the evolution and the degree of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) within rhizobial genera of both Alphaproteobacteria (Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium) and Betaproteobacteria (Burkholderia), originating from South African Fynbos legumes. By using a phylogenetic approach and comparing multiple chromosomal and symbiosis genes, we revealed conclusive evidence of high degrees of horizontal transfer of nodulation genes among closely related species of both groups of rhizobia, but also among species with distant genetic backgrounds (Rhizobium and Mesorhizobium), underscoring the importance of lateral transfer of symbiosis traits as an important evolutionary force among rhizobia of the Cape Fynbos biome. The extensive exchange of symbiosis genes in the Fynbos is in contrast with a lack of significant events of HGT among Burkholderia symbionts from the South American Cerrado and Caatinga biome. Furthermore, homologous recombination among selected housekeeping genes had a substantial impact on sequence evolution within Burkholderia and Mesorhizobium. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of the non-symbiosis acdS gene in Mesorhizobium, a gene often located on symbiosis islands, revealed distinct relationships compared to the chromosomal and symbiosis genes, suggesting a different evolutionary history and independent events of gene transfer. The observed events of HGT and incongruence between different genes necessitate caution in interpreting topologies from individual data types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny Lemaire
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, PO Box 02435, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jannick Van Cauwenberghe
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, PO Box 02435, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samson Chimphango
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charles Stirton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, PO Box 02435, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Erik Smets
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, PO Box 02435, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - A Muthama Muasya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa
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Ferguson BJ, Mathesius U. Phytohormone regulation of legume-rhizobia interactions. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:770-90. [PMID: 25052910 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0472-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The symbiosis between legumes and nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodules. Nodules are highly organized root organs that form in response to Nod factors produced by rhizobia, and they provide rhizobia with a specialized niche to optimize nutrient exchange and nitrogen fixation. Nodule development and invasion by rhizobia is locally controlled by feedback between rhizobia and the plant host. In addition, the total number of nodules on a root system is controlled by a systemic mechanism termed 'autoregulation of nodulation'. Both the local and the systemic control of nodulation are regulated by phytohormones. There are two mechanisms by which phytohormone signalling is altered during nodulation: through direct synthesis by rhizobia and through indirect manipulation of the phytohormone balance in the plant, triggered by bacterial Nod factors. Recent genetic and physiological evidence points to a crucial role of Nod factor-induced changes in the host phytohormone balance as a prerequisite for successful nodule formation. Phytohormones synthesized by rhizobia enhance symbiosis effectiveness but do not appear to be necessary for nodule formation. This review provides an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the roles and interactions of phytohormones and signalling peptides in the regulation of nodule infection, initiation, positioning, development, and autoregulation. Future challenges remain to unify hormone-related findings across different legumes and to test whether hormone perception, response, or transport differences among different legumes could explain the variety of nodules types and the predisposition for nodule formation in this plant family. In addition, the molecular studies carried out under controlled conditions will need to be extended into the field to test whether and how phytohormone contributions by host and rhizobial partners affect the long term fitness of the host and the survival and competition of rhizobia in the soil. It also will be interesting to explore the interaction of hormonal signalling pathways between rhizobia and plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett J Ferguson
- Centre for Integrative Legume Research, School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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