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Lei G, Huang J, Zhou H, Chen Y, Song J, Xie X, Vasseur L, You M, You S. Polygenic adaptation of a cosmopolitan pest to a novel thermal environment. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:387-404. [PMID: 38488345 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The fluctuation in temperature poses a significant challenge for poikilothermic organisms, notably insects, particularly in the context of changing climatic conditions. In insects, temperature adaptation has been driven by polygenes. In addition to genes that directly affect traits (core genes), other genes (peripheral genes) may also play a role in insect temperature adaptation. This study focuses on two peripheral genes, the GRIP and coiled-coil domain containing 2 (GCC2) and karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1). These genes are differentially expressed at different temperatures in the cosmopolitan pest, Plutella xylostella. GCC2 and KPNB1 in P. xylostella were cloned, and their relative expression patterns were identified. Reduced capacity for thermal adaptation (development, reproduction and response to temperature extremes) in the GCC2-deficient and KPNB1-deficient P. xylostella strains, which were constructed by CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Deletion of the PxGCC2 or PxKPNB1 genes in P. xylostella also had a differential effect on gene expression for many traits including stress resistance, resistance to pesticides, involved in immunity, trehalose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and so forth. The ability of the moth to adapt to temperature via different pathways is likely to be key to its ability to remain an important pest species under predicted climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoke Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jieling Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Protection Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | | | | | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory for Ecological Pest Control of Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- BGI Research, Sanya, China
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Liu NN, Ren ZY, Ren QD, Chang ZG, Li JL, Li XA, Sun ZY, He JM, Niu QS, Xing XM. Full length transcriptomes analysis of cold-resistance of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain during overwintering period. Gene 2022; 830:146503. [PMID: 35487395 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain is an ecological type of Apis cerana, which is an excellent breeding material with cold-resistant developed by long-term natural selection under the ecological conditions. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of Changbai Mountain population under cold stress are still unclear. In this study, the Nanopore sequencing was carried out for the transcriptome of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain in the coldest period of overwintering, which will provide a reference to the cold-resistant mechanism. We determined 5,941 complete ORF sequences, 1,193 lncRNAs, 619 TFs, 10,866 SSRs and functional annotations of 11,599 new transcripts. Our results showed that the myosin family and the C2H2 zinc finger protein transcription factor family possibly have significant impacts on the response mechanism of cold stress during overwintering. In addition, the cold environment alters genes expression profiles in honeybees via different AS and APA mechanisms. These altered genes in Hippo, Foxo, and MARK pathways help them counter the stress of cold in overwinter period. Our results might provide clues about the response of eastern honeybees to extreme cold, and reflect the possible genetic basis of physiological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, PR China; Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Yuan Ren
- Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, Jilin 132022, PR China
| | - Qing-Dan Ren
- Jilin Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Changchun, Jilin 130699, PR China
| | - Zhi-Guang Chang
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China
| | - Jie-Luan Li
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China
| | - Xing-An Li
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yu Sun
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China
| | - Jin-Ming He
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China
| | - Qing-Sheng Niu
- Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin 132108, PR China.
| | - Xiu-Mei Xing
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130112, PR China.
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Liu Q, Luo D, Wang M, Song X, Ye X, Jashenko R, Ji R. Transcriptome analysis of the response to low temperature acclimation in Calliptamus italicus eggs. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:482. [PMID: 35778687 PMCID: PMC9248191 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calliptamus italicus is a dominant species in the desert and semi-desert grassland. It is widely distributed throughout many regions such as Asia, Europe, North Africa and the Mediterranean, and has enormous destructive potential for agriculture and animal husbandry. The C. italicus overwintering as eggs in the soil through diapause, and the cold tolerance of locust eggs is the key to their ability to survive the winter smoothly to maintain the population. Results Transcriptome analysis of C. italicus eggs was carried out in this paper in constant low temperature acclimation, natural low temperature acclimation and room temperature. The differentially expressed genes related to cold tolerance were screened out, the differences in expression patterns under different low temperature acclimation were analyzed, and the genes in the significantly up-regulated pathways may play an important role in cold tolerance. The results show that different domestication modes can induce C. italicus eggs to express a large number of genes to alleviate low temperature damage, but C. italicus eggs are more sensitive to changes in temperature. Compared with the control, there are 8689 DEGs at constant low temperature and 14,994 DEGs at natural low temperature. KEGG analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in pathways related to metabolism and biological systems under constant low temperature, and were mainly enriched in pathways related to biological systems and environmental information processing under natural low temperature. In addition, RNAi technology was used to further verify the regulation of genes in the significantly enriched up-regulated pathways on C. italicus eggs, and it was confirmed that the hatching rate of C. italicus eggs at low temperature was significantly reduced after interference. Conclusions Transcriptome analysis of C. italicus eggs treated at different temperatures provided a theoretical basis for further understanding the adaptation mechanism of C. italicus eggs to low temperature. In addition, four potential RNAi target genes were verified in the eggs of C. italicus for the first time, providing new ideas for effective control of this species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08705-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Di Luo
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Mengjia Wang
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Xingmin Song
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Xiaofang Ye
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Roman Jashenko
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 050038
| | - Rong Ji
- International Center for the Collaborative Management of Cross-border Pest in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054, China.
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Geometric morphology and population genomics provide insights into the adaptive evolution of Apis cerana in Changbai Mountain. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:64. [PMID: 35045823 PMCID: PMC8772121 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Exploration of adaptive evolution of organisms in response to environmental change can help to understand the evolutionary history of species and the underlying mechanisms of adaptation to local environments, thus guiding future conservation programmes. Before the introduction of Apis mellifera in China, eastern honey bees (Apis cerana) were the only species used for beekeeping in this region. In the mountains of Changbai, populations of A. cerana are considered a distinct ecotype of the species which formed through the distinct selective pressures in this area over time.
Result
We performed a measure of 300 wing specimens of eastern honey bees and obtained the geometric morphological variation in the wing of A. cerana in Changbai Mountain. A total of 3,859,573 high-quality SNP loci were yielded via the whole-genome resequencing of 130 individuals in 5 geographic regions.
Conclusion
Corresponding geometric morphology and population genomics confirmed the particularity of the A. cerana in Changbai Mountain. Genetic differentiation at the subspecies level exists between populations in Changbai Mountain and remaining geographic regions, and a significant reduction in the effective population size and an excessive degree of inbreeding may be responsible for a substantial loss of population genetic diversity. Candidate genes potentially associated with cold environmental adaptations in populations under natural selection were identified, which may represent local adaptations in populations. Our study provided insights into the evolutionary history and adaptation of A. cerana in Changbai Mountain, as well as its conservation.
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Zhang HP, Liu W, An JQ, Yang P, Guo LH, Li YQ, Lv J, Yu SH. Transcriptome analyses and weighted gene coexpression network analysis reveal key pathways and genes involved in the rapid cold resistance of the Chinese white wax scale insect. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21781. [PMID: 33687102 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is an important resource insect in China. The rapid response of E. pela to decreasing temperatures plays key roles in the population distribution. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression of E. pela treated with low temperature using transcriptome analyses and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). The results showed that the cold resistance of E. pela involved changes in the expression of many genes. The genes were mainly involved in alcohol formation activity, lipid metabolism, membrane and structure, and oxidoreductase activity. According to the WGCNA results, some pathways related to cold resistance were found in the genes in the modules, such as cytoskeleton proteins, cytoskeleton protein pathway, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and thermogenesis. Some of the hub genes were nonspecific lipid-transfer proteins, DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 13, paramyosin, tropomodulin, and tubulin beta chain. In particular, the hub genes of the tan module included the heat shock protein (hsp) 10, hsp 60, hsp 70, and hsp 90 genes. Thirty-five antifreeze protein (afp) genes were identified according to the annotation results. Three afp genes were further identified among the hub genes. Six of these genes were selected for heterogeneous protein expression. One of them was expressed successfully. The thermal hysteresis activity (THA) analyses showed that the THA was 1.73°C. These results showed that the cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, thermogenesis, HSPs and AFPs may play important roles in the cold resistance of E. pela.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-Qi An
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, China
| | - Li-Hong Guo
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Qiong Li
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Lv
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Shu-Hui Yu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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Zhao D, Zheng C, Shi F, Xu Y, Zong S, Tao J. Expression analysis of genes related to cold tolerance in Dendroctonus valens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10864. [PMID: 33854828 PMCID: PMC7953874 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pine beetles are well known in North America for their widespread devastation of pine forests. However, Dendroctonus valens LeConte is an important invasive forest pest in China also. Adults and larvae of this bark beetle mainly winter at the trunks and roots of Pinus tabuliformis and Pinus sylvestris; larvae, in particular, result in pine weakness or even death. Since the species was introduced from the United States to Shanxi in 1998, its distribution has spread northward. In 2017, it invaded a large area at the junction of Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and Hebei provinces, showing strong cold tolerance. To identify genes relevant to cold tolerance and the process of overwintering, we sequenced the transcriptomes of wintering and non-wintering adult and larval D. valens using the Illumina HiSeq platform. Differential expression analysis methods for other non-model organisms were used to compare transcript abundances in adults and larvae at two time periods, followed by the identification of functions and metabolic pathways related to genes associated with cold tolerance. We detected 4,387 and 6,091 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sampling dates in larvae and adults, respectively, and 1,140 common DEGs, including genes encoding protein phosphatase, very long-chain fatty acids protein, cytochrome P450, and putative leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins. In a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, 1,140 genes were assigned to 44 terms, with significant enrichment for cellulase activity, hydrolase activity, and carbohydrate metabolism. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) classification and enrichment analyses showed that the lysosomal and purine metabolism pathways involved the most DEGs, the highly enriched terms included autophagy-animal, pentose and glucuronate interconversions and lysosomal processes. We identified 140 candidate genes associated with cold tolerance, including genes with established roles in this trait (e.g., genes encoding trehalose transporter, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and trehalase). Our comparative transcriptome analysis of adult and larval D. valens in different conditions provides basic data for the discovery of key genes and molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunchun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengming Shi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yabei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixiang Zong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for the Control of Forest Pests, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Eskandari A, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Antifreeze Proteins and Their Practical Utilization in Industry, Medicine, and Agriculture. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121649. [PMID: 33317024 PMCID: PMC7764015 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are specific proteins, glycopeptides, and peptides made by different organisms to allow cells to survive in sub-zero conditions. AFPs function by reducing the water’s freezing point and avoiding ice crystals’ growth in the frozen stage. Their capability in modifying ice growth leads to the stabilization of ice crystals within a given temperature range and the inhibition of ice recrystallization that decreases the drip loss during thawing. This review presents the potential applications of AFPs from different sources and types. AFPs can be found in diverse sources such as fish, yeast, plants, bacteria, and insects. Various sources reveal different α-helices and β-sheets structures. Recently, analysis of AFPs has been conducted through bioinformatics tools to analyze their functions within proper time. AFPs can be used widely in various aspects of application and have significant industrial functions, encompassing the enhancement of foods’ freezing and liquefying properties, protection of frost plants, enhancement of ice cream’s texture, cryosurgery, and cryopreservation of cells and tissues. In conclusion, these applications and physical properties of AFPs can be further explored to meet other industrial players. Designing the peptide-based AFP can also be done to subsequently improve its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.E.); (T.C.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.E.); (T.C.L.)
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.E.); (T.C.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-39769-6710; Fax: +60-39769-7590
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Yang P, Yu S, Hao J, Liu W, Zhao Z, Zhu Z, Sun T, Wang X, Song Q. Genome sequence of the Chinese white wax scale insect Ericerus pela: the first draft genome for the Coccidae family of scale insects. Gigascience 2019; 8:giz113. [PMID: 31518402 PMCID: PMC6743827 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giz113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese white wax scale insect, Ericerus pela, is best known for producing wax, which has been widely used in candle production, casting, Chinese medicine, and wax printing products for thousands of years. The secretion of wax, and other unusual features of scale insects, is thought to be an adaptation to their change from an ancestral ground-dwelling lifestyle to a sedentary lifestyle on the higher parts of plants. As well as helping to improve its economic value, studies of E. pela might also help to explain the adaptation of scale insects. However, no genomic data are currently available for E. pela. FINDINGS To assemble the E. pela genome, 303.92 Gb of data were generated using Illumina and Pacific Biosciences sequencing, producing 277.22 Gb of clean data for assembly. The assembled genome size was 0.66 Gb, with 1,979 scaffolds and a scaffold N50 of 735 kb. The guanine + cytosine content was 33.80%. A total of 12,022 protein-coding genes were predicted, with a mean coding sequence length of 1,370 bp. Twenty-six fatty acyl-CoA reductase genes and 35 acyltransferase genes were identified. Evolutionary analysis revealed that E. pela and aphids formed a sister group and split ∼241.1 million years ago. There were 214 expanded gene families and 2,219 contracted gene families in E. pela. CONCLUSION We present the first genome sequence from the Coccidae family. These results will help to increase our understanding of the evolution of unique features in scale insects, and provide important genetic information for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Shuhui Yu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Junjun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zunling Zhao
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Zengrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology/Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Research Institute of Resource Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resource Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Zhang G, Storey JM, Storey KB. Elevated chaperone proteins are a feature of winter freeze avoidance by larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 106:106-113. [PMID: 28433751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Winter survival for many insect species includes a need to maintain metabolic homeostasis and structural/functional integrity of macromolecules not only over a wide range of cold temperatures but also in response to rapid temperature change. Chaperones are well-known to protect/stabilize protein structure with regard to heat stress but less is known about their potential involvement in long-term protection of the proteome at subzero temperatures. The present study assessed the participation of chaperone proteins in the cold hardiness of larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera, Olethreutidae), monitoring changes in nine proteins over the winter months as well as their responses to laboratory cold acclimation or anoxia exposure. Four heat shock proteins (HSPs: Hsp110, Hsp70, Hsp60, Hsp40), three glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs: Grp78, Grp 94, Grp170) and the tailless complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) as well as the heat shock transcription factor (HSF1) were investigated. In general, all were significantly elevated in larvae collected from an outdoor site between October and March, as compared with September values, and chaperone levels were reduced again in April. The October to March interval also includes the period of diapause followed by cold quiescence in the species. Relative expression of Hsp70, Hsp60 and Hsp40 rose by 2-3-fold, GRPs increased 1.5-3-fold, and levels of active (hyperphosphorylated) HSF1 increased by 4-4.8-fold over the midwinter months. Chilling from 15°C to 4°C in the laboratory upregulated Grp78 protein content that remained high as temperature was further reduced to -4°C and then -20°C whereas Hsp110, Hsp70 and HSF1 levels increased when larvae were exposed to -4°C and -20°C. Grp170 (also known as oxygen-regulated protein 150) was the only chaperone that increased significantly in the larvae in response to anoxia exposure at 4°C. The data also indicated that multiple subcellular compartments received enhanced protection for their proteome since upregulation of chaperones included proteins known to occur in cytosolic (Hsp40, Hsp70), mitochondrial (Hsp60) and endoplasmic reticulum (Grp170) locations. Overall, the data indicate that chaperones have a significant role to play in the winter cold hardiness of E. scudderiana and identify declining temperatures (and perhaps also oxygen restriction) as potential modulators of chaperone production. The data add support to a relatively understudied area of insect cold hardiness - the long-term protection and stabilization of the proteome over the winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Janet M Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Sun T, Wang XQ, Zhao ZL, Yu SH, Yang P, Chen XM. A Lethal Fungus Infects the Chinese White Wax Scale Insect and Causes Dramatic Changes in the Host Microbiota. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5324. [PMID: 29593315 PMCID: PMC5871785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23671-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese white wax scale insect (Ericerus pela) is an economically valuable species with an important role in wax production. Recently, in a greenhouse in Kunming, we identified a genus of fungus that infects and kills E. pela females. This study sought to perform the molecular detection of entomopathogens and analyze the changes in the host microbiota after entomopathogen infection. We used library construction, high-throughput sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to identify the fungi infecting adult E. pela, to understand the changes in the host organism, and to determine the distribution of the entomopathogens. Cladosporium langeronii and C. sphaerospermum were the main pathogenic species that infected the E. pela females, and they were most prevalent in the dorsal cuticle. In vivo, after infection, the proportion of Cladosporium clearly increased. The infection had little influence on the fungal community but had a strong influence on the bacterial community. After infection, Arsenophonus was dominant, and numerous bacterial genera disappeared. However, Rickettsia, instead of Arsenophonus, became dominant in the Cladosporium-infected individuals that had also been infected with Rickettsia. We identified the species that infected E. pela females and determined the influence of infection on the host microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Xue-Qing Wang
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Zun-Ling Zhao
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Shu-Hui Yu
- College of Agronomy, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Pu Yang
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, 650224, China.
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- Research Institute of Resources Insects, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key laboratory of Cultivating and Utilization of Resources Insects of State Forestry Administration, Kunming, 650224, China.
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11
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Xu K, Niu Q, Zhao H, Du Y, Guo L, Jiang Y. Sequencing and Expression Characterization of Antifreeze Protein Maxi-Like in Apis cerana cerana. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 18:11. [PMCID: PMC5804572 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are biological cryoprotectants with unique properties that play a crucial role in regulating the molecular mechanisms governing cold resistance in insects. To identify and characterize Apis cerana cerana AFP (AcerAFP), we cloned the full-length cDNA of AcerAFP and examined its expression patterns in A. cerana cerana. A nucleotide alignment analysis showed that the entire coding region of AcerAFP is 1095 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 365 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of this protein exhibits 63–96% homology with AFP homologs from other hymenopterans. α-helices form the main secondary and tertiary structures of AcerAFP, which is similar to the molecular structure of fish AFP type-I. The expression profiles of AcerAFP revealed that expression was tissue, sex, and developmentally specific. In response to cold stress, the mRNA and protein expression of AcerAFP were both induced by low temperatures, and were also related to the concentrations of several cryoprotectants, including glucose, glycerin, glutamic acid, cysteine, histidine, alanine, and methionine. In addition, we found that the knockdown of AcerAFP by RNA interference remarkably increased the total freezing temperature of hemolymph in A. cerana cerana, where levels of AcerAFP mRNA were correlated with the expression of most antifreeze-related proteins. Taken together, these results suggest that AcerAFP plays an essential role as a biological cryoprotectant in honeybees, and is in turn regulated by small cryoprotectants and antifreeze-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding & Reproduction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qingsheng Niu
- Department of Honey Bee Genetics and Breeding, Apiculture Science Institute of Jilin Province, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Huiting Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yali Du
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding & Reproduction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding & Reproduction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Yusuo Jiang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding & Reproduction, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
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12
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Morin MD, Frigault JJ, Lyons PJ, Crapoulet N, Boquel S, Storey KB, Morin PJ. Amplification and quantification of cold-associated microRNAs in the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) agricultural pest. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:574-583. [PMID: 28574638 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Colorado potato beetle [Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] is an important insect pest that can inflict considerable damage to potato plants. This insect can survive extended periods of cold exposure, and yet the molecular switches underlying this phenomenon have not been fully elucidated. A better characterization of this process would highlight novel vulnerabilities associated with L. decemlineata that could serve as targets for the management of this devastating pest. Using high-throughput sequencing, the current work reveals a cold-associated signature group of microRNAs (miRNAs) in control (15 °C) and -5 °C-exposed L. decemlineata. The results show 42 differentially expressed miRNAs following cold exposure including miR-9a-3p, miR-210-3p, miR-276-5p and miR-277-3p. Functional analysis of predicted targets associated with these cold-responsive miRNAs notably linked these changes with vital metabolic and cellular processes. Overall, this study highlights the miRNAs probably responsible for facilitating cold adaptation in L. decemlineata and implicates miRNAs as a key molecular target to consider in the development of novel pest management strategies against these insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - J J Frigault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - P J Lyons
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - N Crapoulet
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - S Boquel
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - K B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - P Jr Morin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
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13
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Tusong K, Guo X, Meng S, Liu X, Ma J. Comparative analysis of the transcriptome of the overwintering desert beetle Microdera punctipennis. Cryobiology 2017; 78:80-89. [PMID: 28778690 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The cold tolerance mechanisms of insect have been studied extensively on the model species Drosophila and a few other species at the transcriptional level. However studies on insects that inherit strong cold tolerance are limited. Cold hardy Tenebrionid beetle Microdera punctipennis is endemic to Gurbantonggut Desert, northwest of China. However, its genomic information is lacking. To investigate the overwintering mechanisms of M. punctipennis adult, RNA-seq was performed on the winter adults and the control adults that were kept in laboratory at 30 °C. A total of 175,247 unigenes were acquired with an average length of 645 bp. By using DESeq package, we identified 3367 unigenes that were up-regulated and 7988 down-regulated in the winter adults compared with the controls. To further our understanding of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Pathway analysis showed that the "ECM-receptor interaction", "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway", "Estrogen signaling pathway", "Tight junction", and "Regulation of actin cytoskeleton", etc. might play important roles in M. punctipennis overwintering. The DEGs results from the RNA-Seq were confirmed partially by qRT-PCR for 13 DEGs, which showed high consistence with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.851. Overall, the sequence data will provide basic information for subsequent bioinformatical analysis and mining of the genes responsible for cold tolerance in M. punctipennis, as well as for understanding the molecular mechanisms of desert beetle overwintering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuerban Tusong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shanshan Meng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 666 Shengli Road, Urumqi 830046, China.
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14
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Abstract
The biological activity and geographical distribution of honey bees is strongly temperature-dependent, due to their ectothermic physiology. In China, the endemic Apis cerana cerana exhibits stronger cold hardiness than Western honey bees, making the former species important pollinators of winter-flowering plants. Although studies have examined behavioral and physiological mechanisms underlying cold resistance in bees, data are scarce regarding the exact molecular mechanisms. Here, we investigated gene expression in A. c. cerana under two temperature treatments, using transcriptomic analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and relevant biological processes, respectively. Across the temperature treatments, 501 DEGs were identified. A gene ontology analysis showed that DEGs were enriched in pathways related to sugar and amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism, as well as calcium ion channel activity. Additionally, heat shock proteins, zinc finger proteins, and serine/threonine-protein kinases were differentially expressed between the two treatments. The results of this study provide a general digital expression profile of thermoregulation genes responding to cold hardiness in A. c. cerana. Our data should prove valuable for future research on cold tolerance mechanisms in insects, and may be beneficial in breeding efforts to improve bee hardiness.
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15
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Chen B, Wang XH, Tu Z, Huang YP. Leap forward with insect genomics. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:332-334. [PMID: 27145185 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects & Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijian Tu
- Department of Biochemistry, Fralin Life Science Institute, and Program in Genetics Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Yong-Ping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Development and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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