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Premachandran K, Shyu DJH, Vattikuti JL, Yanamadala S, Srinivasan TS. Expression and Functional Characterization of Oryzacystatin II Protein from Oryza sativa L. Indica Rice and Its Potential Role as a Bioinsecticide Against Major Insects of Rice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16378-16389. [PMID: 38980661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativaL.) is a crucial staple food crop globally, facing significant challenges from various pests that affect crop productivity and quality. Conventional pesticide usage has limitations, necessitating the development of sustainable pest management strategies. This study focuses on the expression, purification, and functional characterization of Oryzacystatin II (OC-II), a protein derived from O. sativaL. Indica rice, with the intent to evaluate its potential as a bioinsecticide against rice pests. The OC-II gene was expressed and purified, and purification confirmed its molecular weight (∼12 kDa) and protein sequence through LC-MS/MS analysis and Western blotting. The IC50 value of OC-II was calculated as 0.06 μM, and the inhibition was identified as a competitive inhibition. The protein exhibited efficient control of both pests at the nymph and adult stages, with lower probing marks observed on treated plants. The inhibition of cathepsin B enzyme activity in insects further confirmed the bioactivity of the OC-II protein. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the interaction between the OC-II protein and cathepsin enzymes reported in BPH and WBPH. Further investigations can focus on optimizing production methods and exploring the specificity and efficacy of the OC-II protein against other crop pests to enhance its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamanikumar Premachandran
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu 600119, India
| | - Douglas J H Shyu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jhansi Lakshmi Vattikuti
- Department of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (ICAR-IIRR), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Swarnalatha Yanamadala
- Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu 600119, India
| | - Thanga Suja Srinivasan
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu 600119, India
- IRRI South Asia Regional Center, Delhi 110012, India
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da Silva Nunes G, de Souza JM, Ramalho DG, De Bortoli SA, Polanczyk RA. Bacillus thuringiensis-based bioinsecticides affect predation of Euborellia annulipes on diamondback moth larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:90730-90740. [PMID: 37462876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between earwigs and entomopathogens, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are still poorly understood. This study tested whether Bt-based bioinsecticides have any effect on the predation of Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), one of the pests with the largest number of cases of use and resistance to Bt. Fourth instar larvae were Bt infected by feeding on collard green leaves treated with Dipel®WG and XenTari®WG at the manufacturer-recommended doses. We used one no-choice condition, in which the predator had access to uninfected or Bt-infected larvae separately, and four free-choice conditions: uninfected vs Dipel®-infected larvae, uninfected vs XenTari®-infected larvae, Dipel®-infected vs XenTari®-infected larvae, and uninfected vs Bt-infected larvae with both bioinsecticides. Uninfected larvae were less consumed than those infected by both Bt-bioinsecticides in the no-choice condition. There was a higher consumption of uninfected over Dipel®-infected larvae in the free-choice condition. Overall, uninfected larvae were preferred over both Bt-based bioinsecticides infected larvae. We also used six different prey densities. The ringlegged earwig's predation rate enhanced as the prey population density increased, but the functional response was not affected by Bt-infection, being type II. The predator invested a low amount of handling time on Bt-fed prey and increased the maximum predation rate. Bt-based bioinsecticides cause effects on E. annulipes predation by altering their feeding preference and some aspects of its predatory behavior. The results of our study provide an important background for understanding interactions between earwigs and Bt. In addition, they can be used for decision making during approaches to integrated P. xylostella management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmar da Silva Nunes
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Sul Goiana, km 01, Zona Rural, CEP, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil.
| | - Joice Mendonça de Souza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, CEP, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Dagmara Gomes Ramalho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, CEP, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Sergio Antonio De Bortoli
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, CEP, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, CEP, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
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García-Ruiz E, Cobos G, Sánchez-Ramos I, Pascual S, Chueca MC, Escorial MC, Santín-Montanyá I, Loureiro Í, González-Núñez M. Dynamics of canopy-dwelling arthropods under different weed management options, including glyphosate, in conventional and genetically modified insect-resistant maize. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1121-1138. [PMID: 32458593 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of genetically modified varieties tolerant to herbicides (HT varieties) and resistant to insects (Bt varieties) in combination with application of a broad-spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate could be an effective option for the simultaneous control of weeds and pests in maize. Nevertheless, the possible impact of these tools on nontarget arthropods still needs to be evaluated. In a field study in central Spain, potential changes in populations of canopy-dwelling arthropods in Bt maize under different weed management options, including glyphosate application, were investigated. Canopy-dwelling arthropods were sampled by visual inspection and yellow sticky traps. The Bt variety had no effect on any group of studied arthropods, except for the expected case of corn borers-the target pests of Bt maize. Regarding the effects of herbicide regimes, the only observed difference was a lower abundance of Cicadellidae and Mymaridae on yellow sticky traps in plots not treated with pre-emergence herbicides. This effect was especially pronounced in a treatment involving two glyphosate applications. The decrease in Cicadellidae and Mymaridae populations was associated with a higher density of weeds in plots, which may have hindered colonization of the crop by leafhoppers. These differences, however, were only significant in the last year of the study. The low likelihood of the use of glyphosate- and herbicide-tolerant varieties for weed control triggering important effects on the nontarget arthropod fauna of the maize canopy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban García-Ruiz
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Cobos
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Ramos
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Pascual
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Cristina Chueca
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Concepción Escorial
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Santín-Montanyá
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Loureiro
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Núñez
- Plant Protection Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Marques LH, Lepping M, Castro BA, Santos AC, Rossetto J, Nunes MZ, Silva OABN, Moscardini VF, de Sá VGM, Nowatzki T, Dahmer ML, Gontijo PC. Field efficacy of Bt cotton containing events DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 against lepidopteran pests and impact on the non-target arthropod community in Brazil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251134. [PMID: 33945577 PMCID: PMC8096009 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and non-target arthropod effects of transgenic DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 Bt cotton, expressing proteins Cry1Ac, Cry1F and Vip3Aa19, was examined through field trials in Brazil. Fifteen field efficacy experiments were conducted from 2014 through the 2020 growing season across six different states in Brazil to evaluate performance against key lepidopteran pests through artificial infestations of Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith,1797), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) and Chloridea virescens (F., 1781), and natural infestations of Alabama argillacea (Hübner) and S. frugiperda. The impact of this Bt cotton technology on the non-target arthropod community in Brazilian cotton production systems was also assessed in a multi-site experiment. DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 cotton significantly reduced the feeding damage caused by S. frugiperda, S. cosmioides, C. includens, C. virescens and A. argillacea, causing high levels of mortality (greater than 99%) to all target lepidopteran pests evaluated during vegetative and/or reproductive stages of crop development. Non-target arthropod community-level analyses confirmed no unintended effects on the arthropod groups monitored. These results demonstrate the value of transgenic Bt cotton containing event DAS-21023-5 × DAS-24236-5 × SYN-IR102-7 for consideration as part of an integrated approach for managing key lepidopteran pests in Brazilian cotton production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miles Lepping
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Boris A. Castro
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark L. Dahmer
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Pablo C. Gontijo
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil
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Wang W, Cai W, Wang Z, Zhao J, Hua H. A new method for evaluating the effects of insecticidal proteins expressed by transgenic plants on ectoparasitoid of target pest. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29983-29992. [PMID: 32447725 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic Bt insect-resistant plants are highly resistant to Lepidoptera stockpile pest Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a storage pest. Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), which is an ectoparasitic wasp of Indian meal moth, may be exposed to the Bt protein through the food chain. In the current study, high dose of Cry1C protein was injected into the hemolymph of P. interpunctella by microinjection, and the hemolymph was used as the carrier to deliver Bt protein to the H. hebetor. Using this method, we developed a new Tier-1 risk assessment system for ectoparasitoid, successfully avoided "host/prey quality-mediated effect," and improve the accuracy of safety evaluation. Results showed that injected Cry1C was stable and bioactive in the hemolymph of P. interpunctella parasitized by H. hebetor, and high dose of Cry1C has no negative impacts on egg hatching rate, developmental duration from egg to adult, survival egg to adult, pupa weight, adults weight (male and female), adult longevity and reproduction, and activity of stress-related enzymes of H. hebetor. However, the hemolymph of P. interpunctella injected into Galanthus nivalis L. agglutinin (the positive control) had significant negative impact on these biological parameters of H. hebetor. The results indicate that H. hebetor are not sensitive to Cry1C protein at the tested concentration and there were no detrimental effects of Cry1C protein on any biological parameters tested in the present study. More importantly, we constructed a new efficient and simple system for the biosafety assessment on the larvae of ectoparasitoid of target pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanlun Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wang Z, Cai W, Wang W, Zhao J, Li Y, Zou Y, Elgizawy KK, Hua H. Assessing the effects of Cry2Aa protein on Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (lepidoptera: Pyralidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 194:110380. [PMID: 32145528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic crops express Cry proteins exhibit high resistant to target insect pests. When we evaluate the effects of Cry proteins on the parasitoid of target insect pest via tritrophic experiments (transgenic plant-target insect pest-parasitoid) host quality of parasitoids might decrease because of insecticidal protein ingestion, this would cause host-quality mediated effects and influence the accuracy of biosafety assessment. In the current study, high dose of Cry2Aa protein was injected into the hemolymph of Plodia interpunctella by microinjection, and the hemolymph was used as the carrier to deliver Cry protein to Habrobracon hebetor, which has been previously reported as an ectoparasitoid of P. interpunctella larval, in order to avoid the "host-quality mediated effects". Results showed that injected Cry2Aa remained at high concentration and bioactive in the hemolymph of P. interpunctella parasitized by H. hebetor, the hemolymph of P. interpunctella could be used as carriers of Cry protein to H. hebetor, and high dose of Cry2Aa have no negative impacts on the development time, weight of pupa, sex ratio, adults weight (male and female), adult longevity and fecundity, and the activity of stress-related enzymes of H. hebetor. However, the hemolymph of P. interpunctella injected into Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (the positive control) showed significant negative impact on these parameters measured in the present study of H. hebetor. This indicated that Cry2Aa protein had no detrimental effects on the biological parameters of H. hebetor measured in the current study. Meanwhile, this study provides a new method for the safety evaluation of the ectoparasitoids of target pest and might be expanded to the other species of ectoparasitoids of target insects of Cry proteins in biosafety risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wanlun Cai
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jing Zhao
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yifeng Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yulan Zou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Karam Khamis Elgizawy
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Guo J, Qi J, He K, Wu J, Bai S, Zhang T, Zhao J, Wang Z. The Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis feeding increases the direct and indirect defence of mid-whorl stage commercial maize in the field. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:88-102. [PMID: 29754404 PMCID: PMC6330542 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis Guenée) is a destructive pest of maize (Zea mays L.). Despite large-scale commercial maize production, little is known about the defensive responses of field-grown commercial maize to O. furnacalis herbivory, and how these responses result in direct and indirect defence against this pest. To elucidate the maize transcriptome response to O. furnacalis feeding, leaves of maize hybrid Jingke968 were infested with O. furnacalis for 0, 2, 4, 12 and 24 h. Ostrinia furnacalis feeding elicited stronger and more rapid changes in the defence-related gene expression (i.e. after 2 h), and more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated than down-regulated at all times post-induction (i.e. 2, 4, 12 and 24 h) in the O. furnacalis pre-infested maize plants. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the DEGs in the O. furnacalis pre-infested maize are involved in benzoxazinoids, phytohormones, volatiles, and other metabolic pathways related to maize resistance to herbivores. In addition, the maize leaves previously infested by O. furnacalis for 24 h showed an obvious inhibition of the subsequent O. furnacalis performance, and maize volatiles induced by O. furnacalis feeding for 24 and 48 h attracted the parasitic wasp, Macrocentrus cingulum Brischke. The increased direct and indirect defences induced by O. furnacalis feeding were correlated with O. furnacalis-induced phytohormones, benzoxazinoids, and volatiles. Together, our findings provide new insights into how commercial maize orchestrates its transcriptome and metabolome to directly and indirectly defend against O. furnacalis at the mid-whorl stage in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsMOA – CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyYunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsMOA – CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyYunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
| | - Shuxiong Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsMOA – CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tiantao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsMOA – CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research CenterBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsMOA – CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio‐safetyInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Ndolo DO, Songa JM, Lövei GL. Tri-Trophic Impacts of Bt-Transgenic Maize on Parasitoid Size and Fluctuating Asymmetry in Native vs. Novel Host-Parasitoid Interactions in East Africa. INSECTS 2018; 9:insects9020038. [PMID: 29584706 PMCID: PMC6023282 DOI: 10.3390/insects9020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stress can affect trait size and cause an increase in the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) of bilateral morphological traits in many animals. For insect parasitoids, feeding of hosts on transgenic maize, expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene is a potential environmental stressor. We compared the size of antennae, forewings, and tibia, as well as their FA values, in two parasitoids developed on two East African host species feeding on non-transgenic vs. transgenic maize. The two lepidopteran stem-borer hosts were the native Sesamia calamistis Hampson (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and a recent invader, Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The two braconid parasitoids were the native, gregarious larval endoparasitoid Cotesia sesamiae and the recently introduced Cotesia flavipes. Both parasitoids attacked both hosts, creating evolutionarily old vs. novel interactions. Transient feeding of hosts on transgenic maize had various effects on FA, depending on trait as well as the host and parasitoid species. These effects were usually stronger in evolutionarily novel host–parasitoid associations than in the older, native ones. These parameters have capacity to more sensitively indicate the effects of potential stressors and merit further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis O Ndolo
- Biotechnology Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 14733-00800 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Josephine M Songa
- Biotechnology Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 14733-00800 Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Gábor L Lövei
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
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Marques LH, Santos AC, Castro BA, Storer NP, Babcock JM, Lepping MD, Sa V, Moscardini VF, Rule DM, Fernandes OA. Impact of transgenic soybean expressing Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins on the non-target arthropod community associated with soybean in Brazil. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191567. [PMID: 29394266 PMCID: PMC5796694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Field-scale studies that examine the potential for adverse effects of Bt crop technology on non-target arthropods may supplement data from laboratory studies to support an environmental risk assessment. A three year field study was conducted in Brazil to evaluate potential for adverse effects of cultivating soybean event DAS-81419-2 that produces the Cry1Ac and Cry1F proteins. To do so, we examined the diversity and abundance of non-target arthropods (NTAs) in Bt soybean in comparison with its non-Bt near isoline, with and without conventional insecticide applications, in three Brazilian soybean producing regions. Non-target arthropod abundance was surveyed using Moericke traps (yellow pan) and pitfall trapping. Total abundance (N), richness (S), Shannon-Wiener (H'), Simpson's (D) and Pielou's evenness (J) values for arthropod samples were calculated for each treatment and sampling period (soybean growth stages). A faunistic analysis was used to select the most representative NTAs which were used to describe the NTA community structure associated with soybean, and to test for effects due to the treatments effects via application of the Principal Response Curve (PRC) method. Across all years and sites, a total of 254,054 individuals from 190 taxa were collected by Moericke traps, while 29,813 individuals from 100 taxa were collected using pitfall traps. Across sites and sampling dates, the abundance and diversity measurements of representative NTAs were not significantly affected by Bt soybean as compared with non-sprayed non-Bt soybean. Similarly, community analyses and repeated measures ANOVA, when applicable, indicated that neither Bt soybean nor insecticide sprays altered the structure of the NTA communities under study. These results support the conclusion that transgenic soybean event DAS-81419-2 producing Cry1Ac and Cry1F toxins does not adversely affect the NTA community associated with soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz H. Marques
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Boris A. Castro
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | - Miles D. Lepping
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Verissimo Sa
- Dow AgroSciences Industrial Ltda, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dwain M. Rule
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Odair A. Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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