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Švedienė J, Raudonienė V, Mizerienė G, Rimšaitė J, Davenis SA, Ivinskis P. First Data on the Investigation of Gut Yeasts in Hermit Beetle ( Osmoderma barnabita Motschulsky, 1845) Larvae in Lithuania. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:442. [PMID: 39057327 PMCID: PMC11277970 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, yeasts from the gut of O. barnabita larvae were isolated and molecularly identified. It is worth noting that this research provides the first analysis of the gut yeast community in O. barnabita larvae in Lithuania, which is a significant contribution to the field. Two hermit-like L3-praepupa instars were collected from a decaying oak log in Lithuania. The isolation, morphology, biochemistry, and physiology of the yeast isolates were characterized using standards commonly employed in yeast taxonomy studies. The isolates were identified by sequencing the large subunit (26S) rDNA (D1/D2 domain of the LSU). All gut compartments were colonized by the yeast. A total of 45 yeast strains were obtained from the gut of both O. barnabita larvae, with 23 strains originating from Larva 1, 16 strains from Larva 2, and 6 strains from the galleries. According to our identification results of the 45 yeast strains, most of the species were related to Ascomycota, with most of them belonging to the Saccharomycetales order. Yeasts of the genera Candida, Debaryomyces, Meyerozyma, Priceomyces, Schwanniomyces, Spencermartinsiella, Trichomonascus, and Blastobotrys were present in gut of O. barnabita larvae. Species of the Trichosporonales order represented the Basidiomycota phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgita Švedienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Vita Raudonienė
- Laboratory of Biodeterioration Research, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Goda Mizerienė
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Jolanta Rimšaitė
- Laboratory of Entomology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.R.); (S.A.D.); (P.I.)
| | - Sigitas Algis Davenis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.R.); (S.A.D.); (P.I.)
| | - Povilas Ivinskis
- Laboratory of Entomology, Nature Research Centre, 08412 Vilnius, Lithuania; (J.R.); (S.A.D.); (P.I.)
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Gwokyalya R, Herren JK, Weldon CW, Ndlela S, Gichuhi J, Ongeso N, Wairimu AW, Ekesi S, Mohamed SA. Shaping the Microbial Landscape: Parasitoid-Driven Modifications of Bactrocera dorsalis Microbiota. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:81. [PMID: 38829379 PMCID: PMC11147917 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Koinobiont endoparasitoids regulate the physiology of their hosts through altering host immuno-metabolic responses, processes which function in tandem to shape the composition of the microbiota of these hosts. Here, we employed 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing to investigate whether parasitization by the parasitoid wasps, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmaed) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), induces gut dysbiosis and differentially alter the gut microbial (bacteria and fungi) communities of an important horticultural pest, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). We further investigated the composition of bacterial communities of adult D. longicaudata and P. cosyrae to ascertain whether the adult parasitoids and parasitized host larvae share microbial taxa through transmission. We demonstrated that parasitism by D. longicaudata induced significant gut perturbations, resulting in the colonization and increased relative abundance of pathogenic gut bacteria. Some pathogenic bacteria like Stenotrophomonas and Morganella were detected in both the guts of D. longicaudata-parasitized B. dorsalis larvae and adult D. longicaudata wasps, suggesting a horizontal transfer of microbes from the parasitoid to the host. The bacterial community of P. cosyrae adult wasps was dominated by Arsenophonus nasoniae, whereas that of D. longicaudata adults was dominated by Paucibater spp. and Pseudomonas spp. Parasitization by either parasitoid wasp was associated with an overall reduction in fungal diversity and evenness. These findings indicate that unlike P. cosyrae which is avirulent to B. dorsalis, parasitization by D. longicaudata induces shifts in the gut bacteriome of B. dorsalis larvae to a pathobiont-dominated community. This mechanism possibly enhances its virulence against the pest, further supporting its candidacy as an effective biocontrol agent of this frugivorous tephritid fruit fly pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehemah Gwokyalya
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Jeremy K Herren
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shepard Ndlela
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Gichuhi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nehemiah Ongeso
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne W Wairimu
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samira A Mohamed
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Lan Y, Hu Y, Guo Y, Ali F, Amjad N, Ouyang Q, Almutairi MH, Wang D. Microbiome analysis reveals the differences in gut fungal community between Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106566. [PMID: 38309310 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Similar to gut bacterial community, gut fungal community are also an important part of the gut microbiota and play crucial roles in host immune regulation and metabolism. However, most studies have focused on the gut bacterial community, and research on the gut fungal community has been limited. Dutch Warmblood (DWH) and Mongolian horses (MGH) are important equine breeds, but little research has been done on their gut fungal community. Here, we assessed differences in gut fungal community between two horse species. Results showed that a total of 2159 OTUs were found in the Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses, of which 308 were common. Between-group analyzes of microbial diversity showed no differences in the alpha and beta diversity of gut fungal community between the two horse species. Microbiological taxonomic surveys showed that the dominant fungal phyla (Neocallimastigomycota and Ascomycota) and genera (unclassified_Neocallimastigaceae and Anaeromyces) were the same without being affected by species. Although the types of dominant fungal phyla did not change, the abundances of some fungal genera changed significantly. Results of Metastats analysis showed that there were a total of 206 fungal genera that were significantly different between the two horses, among which 78 genera showed an increase and 127 genera significantly decreased in Dutch Warmblood horses compared with Mongolian horses. In conclusion, this study investigated the composition and structure of the gut fungal community of Dutch Warmblood and Mongolian horses and found significant differences in gut fungal community between both breeds. Notably, this is the first exploration of the differences in the gut fungal community of both breeds, which may help to understand the distribution characteristics of the gut fungal community of different breeds of horses and reveal the differences in the traits of different horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Lan
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Yunyun Hu
- Wuhan Business University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | | | - Farah Ali
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Amjad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Mikhlid H Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongjing Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Tibet Autonomous Regional Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China; State Key Laboratory of Highland Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa City, Tibet, 850009, China.
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Amiin MK, Lahay AF, Putriani RB, Reza M, Putri SME, Sumon MAA, Jamal MT, Santanumurti MB. The role of probiotics in vannamei shrimp aquaculture performance – A review. Vet World 2023; 16:638-649. [PMID: 37041844 PMCID: PMC10082739 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.638-649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is an important food commodity of economic benefit due to its high price, low susceptibility to disease, and popularity for consumption. These advantages have led many farmers to cultivate vannamei shrimp. Efforts are underway to improve the aquaculture performance of this species, including the use of probiotics, which are non-pathogenic bacteria that aid in digestion and help fight disease. Probiotics are usually obtained from the intestines of vannamei shrimp or the culture environment. They are low-cost, non-pathogenic, and largely non-toxic source of antibiotics and are able to synthesize various metabolites that have antibacterial functions and applications. Research on probiotic use has primarily been focused on increasing vannamei shrimp aquaculture production. Bacterial species, such as Lactobacillus or Nitrobacter, can be administered orally, by injection, or as a supplement in aquaculture water. Probiotics help to improve survival rate, water quality, immunity, and disease resistance through space competition with disease-causing bacteria, such as Vibrio spp. An increased number of probiotic bacteria suppresses the growth and presence of pathogenic bacteria, which lowers disease susceptibility. In addition, probiotic bacteria also aid digestion by breaking down complex compounds into simpler substances that the body can absorb more easily. This mechanism improves growth performance in terms of weight, length, and feed conversion ratio. This review aimed to provide information regarding contribution of probiotic to improve vannamei shrimp production in aquaculture.
Keywords: application, bacteria, farm, microbiome, shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kholiqul Amiin
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Almira Fardani Lahay
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Rizha Bery Putriani
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Reza
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Septi Malidda Eka Putri
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Md. Afsar Ahmed Sumon
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh T. Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- Corresponding author: Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti, e-mail: Co-authors: MKA: , AFL: , RBP: , MR: , SMEP: , MAAS: , MTJ:
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Gu J, Zhang P, Yao Z, Li X, Zhang H. BdNub Is Essential for Maintaining gut Immunity and Microbiome Homeostasis in Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECTS 2023; 14:178. [PMID: 36835747 PMCID: PMC9964267 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insects face immune challenges posed by invading and indigenous bacteria. They rely on the immune system to clear these microorganisms. However, the immune response can be harmful to the host. Therefore, fine-tuning the immune response to maintain tissue homeostasis is of great importance to the survival of insects. The Nub gene of the OCT/POU family regulates the intestinal IMD pathway. However, the role of the Nub gene in regulating host microbiota remains unstudied. Here, a combination of bioinformatic tools, RNA interference, and qPCR methods were adopted to study BdNub gene function in Bactrocera dorsalis gut immune system. It's found that BdNubX1, BdNubX2, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including Diptcin (Dpt), Cecropin (Cec), AttcinA (Att A), AttcinB (Att B) and AttcinC (Att C) are significantly up-regulated in Tephritidae fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis after gut infection. Silencing BdNubX1 leads to down-regulated AMPs expression, while BdNubX2 RNAi leads to increased expression of AMPs. These results indicate that BdNubX1 is a positive regulatory gene of the IMD pathway, while BdNubX2 negatively regulates IMD pathway activity. Further studies also revealed that BdNubX1 and BdNubX2 are associated with gut microbiota composition, possibly through regulation of IMD pathway activity. Our results prove that the Nub gene is evolutionarily conserved and participates in maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis.
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Hodosi R, Kazimirova M, Soltys K. What do we know about the microbiome of I. ricinus? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:990889. [PMID: 36467722 PMCID: PMC9709289 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.990889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
I. ricinus is an obligate hematophagous parasitic arthropod that is responsible for the transmission of a wide range of zoonotic pathogens including spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, Rickettsia spp., C. burnetii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Francisella tularensis, which are part the tick´s microbiome. Most of the studies focus on "pathogens" and only very few elucidate the role of "non-pathogenic" symbiotic microorganisms in I. ricinus. While most of the members of the microbiome are leading an intracellular lifestyle, they are able to complement tick´s nutrition and stress response having a great impact on tick´s survival and transmission of pathogens. The composition of the tick´s microbiome is not consistent and can be tied to the environment, tick species, developmental stage, or specific organ or tissue. Ovarian tissue harbors a stable microbiome consisting mainly but not exclusively of endosymbiotic bacteria, while the microbiome of the digestive system is rather unstable, and together with salivary glands, is mostly comprised of pathogens. The most prevalent endosymbionts found in ticks are Rickettsia spp., Ricketsiella spp., Coxiella-like and Francisella-like endosymbionts, Spiroplasma spp. and Candidatus Midichloria spp. Since microorganisms can modify ticks' behavior, such as mobility, feeding or saliva production, which results in increased survival rates, we aimed to elucidate the potential, tight relationship, and interaction between bacteria of the I. ricinus microbiome. Here we show that endosymbionts including Coxiella-like spp., can provide I. ricinus with different types of vitamin B (B2, B6, B7, B9) essential for eukaryotic organisms. Furthermore, we hypothesize that survival of Wolbachia spp., or the bacterial pathogen A. phagocytophilum can be supported by the tick itself since coinfection with symbiotic Spiroplasma ixodetis provides I. ricinus with complete metabolic pathway of folate biosynthesis necessary for DNA synthesis and cell division. Manipulation of tick´s endosymbiotic microbiome could present a perspective way of I. ricinus control and regulation of spread of emerging bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hodosi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maria Kazimirova
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Soltys
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Comenius University Science Park, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Yao Z, Cai Z, Ma Q, Bai S, Wang Y, Zhang P, Guo Q, Gu J, Lemaitre B, Zhang H. Compartmentalized PGRP expression along the dipteran Bactrocera dorsalis gut forms a zone of protection for symbiotic bacteria. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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The bacterial and fungal communities of the larval midgut of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) varied by feeding on two cruciferous vegetables. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13063. [PMID: 35906471 PMCID: PMC9338029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda is a highly polyphagous pest worldwide with a wide host range that causes serious losses to many economically important crops. Recently, insect-microbe associations have become a hot spot in current entomology research, and the midgut microbiome of S. frugiperda has been investigated, while the effects of cruciferous vegetables remain unknown. In this study, the growth of S. frugiperda larvae fed on an artificial diet, Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea for 7 days was analyzed. Besides, the microbial community and functional prediction analyses of the larval midguts of S. frugiperda fed with different diets were performed by high-throughput sequencing. Our results showed that B. oleracea inhibited the growth of S. frugiperda larvae. The larval midgut microbial community composition and structure were significantly affected by different diets. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) suggested 20 bacterial genera and 2 fungal genera contributed to different gut microbial community structures. The functional classification of the midgut microbiome analyzed by PICRUSt and FUNGuild showed that the most COG function categories of midgut bacterial function were changed by B. oleracea, while the guilds of fungal function were altered by B. campestris significantly. These results showed that the diversity and structure of the S. frugiperda midgut microbial community were affected by cruciferous vegetable feeding. Our study provided a preliminary understanding of the role of midgut microbes in S. frugiperda larvae in response to cruciferous vegetables.
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