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Cao J, Wu K, Wei X, Li J, Liu C, Cheng T. A Simple and Low-Cost CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout System Widely Applicable to Insects. INSECTS 2024; 15:339. [PMID: 38786895 PMCID: PMC11122616 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system is a standard technique in functional genomics, with widespread applications. However, the establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9 system is challenging. Previous studies have presented numerous methodologies for establishing a CRISPR/Cas9 system, yet detailed descriptions are limited. Additionally, the difficulties in obtaining the necessary plasmids have hindered the replication of CRISPR/Cas9 techniques in other laboratories. In this study, we share a detailed and simple CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system with optimized steps. The results of gene knockout experiments in vitro and in vivo show that this system successfully knocked out the target gene. By sharing detailed information on plasmid sequences, reagent codes, and methods, this study can assist researchers in establishing gene knockout systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; (J.C.); (K.W.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (C.L.)
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Terradas G, Macias VM, Peterson H, McKeand S, Krawczyk G, Rasgon JL. The Development and Expansion of in vivo Germline Editing Technologies in Arthropods: Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT Control) and Beyond. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:1550-1563. [PMID: 37742320 PMCID: PMC10755176 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, sequencing technologies have led to easy access to genomic data from nonmodel organisms in all biological realms. Insect genetic manipulation, however, continues to be a challenge due to various factors, including technical and cost-related issues. Traditional techniques such as microinjection of gene-editing vectors into early stage embryos have been used for arthropod transgenesis and the discovery of Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) technologies allowed for targeted mutagenesis and the creation of knockouts or knock-ins in arthropods. Receptor-Mediated Ovary Transduction of Cargo (ReMOT Control) acts as an alternative to embryonic microinjections, which require expensive equipment and extensive hands-on training. ReMOT Control's main advantage is its ease of use coupled with the ability to hypothetically target any vitellogenic species, as injections are administered to the egg-laying adult rather than embryos. After its initial application in the mosquito Aedes aegypti, ReMOT Control has successfully produced mutants not only for mosquitoes but for multiple arthropod species from diverse orders, such as ticks, mites, wasps, beetles, and true bugs, and is being extended to crustaceans, demonstrating the versatility of the technique. In this review, we discuss the current state of ReMOT Control from its proof-of-concept to the advances and challenges in the application across species after 5 years since its development, including novel extensions of the technique such as direct parental (DIPA)-CRISPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Terradas
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Vanessa M Macias
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Hillary Peterson
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Sage McKeand
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Grzegorz Krawczyk
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Jason L Rasgon
- Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, and the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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