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Gonfa TG, Negessa AK, Bulto AO. Isolation, screening, and identification of chitinase-producing bacterial strains from riverbank soils at Ambo, Western Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21643. [PMID: 38027800 PMCID: PMC10665737 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that dissolve the glycosidic linkages in chitin. Chitin is a cell wall component of fungi and fund in exoskeleten of worms and arthropods. Chitinase has been applied in agriculture, as a biopesticide for the control of plant fungal infections, in medicine, and in waste management. This research aimed to isolate, screen, and identification of chitinase-producing bacteria from riverbank soils. Twenty nine chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from the river bank soil samples, from which 9 of them had strong chitinolytic properties. Chitinase production was determined by zones of hydrolysis produced after 96 h of incubation at 37 °C. The different bacterial isolates were characterized morphologically, microscopically, and biochemically and finally eight strain were identified at species level by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). From the eight, bacterial isolates investigated in this study Stenotrophomonas maltophilia showed the highest chitinase enzyme activity (625 μg/mL) followed by Pseudomonas putida with the enzyme activity of (553 μg/mL) and the least enzyme activity was recorded for Lilliottia amnigena (80 μg/mL). An incubation temperature of 45 °C, neutral pH and an incubation period of 96 h are found to be the optimum condition for the chitinase enzyme production from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The results of this study indicated the possibility of the production of chitinase from the chitinolytic bacterial isolates, which was highly useful for a variety of applications, including biocontrol of harmful insects and pathogenic fungi as well as in the biochemical, pharmaceutical, and medical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Gudeta Gonfa
- Kotebe University of Education, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asefa Keneni Negessa
- Kotebe University of Education, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Ambo Ubiversity, College of Natural and Computational Sceicnes, Department of Biology, Ambo, Ethiopia
- Animal Health Institute, Sebeta, Ethiopia
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Chanworawit K, Wangsoonthorn P, Deevong P. Characterization of chitinolytic bacteria newly isolated from the termite Microcerotermes sp. and their biocontrol potential against plant pathogenic fungi. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1077-1091. [PMID: 37328422 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from guts and shells of the termite Microcerotermes sp. Among the nineteen morphologically different chitinolytic isolates, three isolates with highest extracellular chitinase production ratio (≥2.26) were selected. Based on molecular identification of 16S rRNA gene sequences and biochemical characterizations using API test kits and MALDI-TOF MS, these isolates were closely related to Bacillus thuringiensis (Mc_E02) and Paenibacillus species (Mc_E07 and Mc_G06). Isolate Mc_E02 exhibited the highest chitinase-specific activity (2.45 U/mg protein) at 96 h of cultivation, and the enzyme activity was optimized at pH 7.0 and 45 °C. The isolate showed highest and broad-spectrum inhibitory effect against three phytopathogenic fungi (Curvularia lunata, Colletotrichum capsici, and Fusarium oxysporum). Its 36-kDa chitinase exhibited the biomass reduction and mycelium inhibition against all fungi, with highest effects to Curvularia lunata. This research provides novel information about termite chitinolytic bacteria and their effective chitinase, with potential use as biocontrol tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittipong Chanworawit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pachara Wangsoonthorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pinsurang Deevong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wei X, Sui Z, Guo M, Chen S, Zhang Z, Geng J, Xiao J, Huang D. The potential of degrading natural chitinous wastes to oligosaccharides by chitinolytic enzymes from two Talaromyces sp. isolated from rotten insects (Hermetia illucens) under solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:223-238. [PMID: 36547866 PMCID: PMC9944152 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to produce chitin oligosaccharides by hydrolyzing untreated natural chitinous waste directly. In this study, two fungi Talaromyces allahabadensis Hi-4 and Talaromyces funiculosus Hi-5 from rotten black soldier fly were isolated and identified through multigene phylogenetic and morphological analyses. The chitinolytic enzymes were produced by solid state fermentation, and the growth conditions were optimized by combining single-factor and central composite design. The best carbon sources were powder of molting of mealworms (MMP) and there was no need for additional nitrogen sources in two fungi, then the maximum chitinolytic enzyme production of 46.80 ± 3.30 (Hi-4) and 55.07 ± 2.48 (Hi-5) U/gds were achieved after analyzing the 3D response surface plots. Pure chitin (colloidal chitin) and natural chitinous substrates (represented by MMP) were used to optimize degradation abilities by crude enzymes obtained from the two fungi. The optimum temperature for hydrolyzing MMP (40 °C both in two fungi) were lower and closer to room temperature than colloidal chitin (55 °C for Hi-4 and 45 °C for Hi-5). Then colloidal chitin, MMP and the powder of shrimp shells (SSP) were used for analyzing the products after 5-day degradation. The amounts of chitin oligosaccharides from SSP and MMP were about 1/6 (Hi-4), 1/17 (Hi-5) and 1/8 (Hi-4), 1/10 (Hi-5), respectively, in comparison to colloidal chitin. The main components of the products were GlcNAc for colloidal chitin, (GlcNAc)2 for MMP, and oligosaccharides with higher degree of polymerization (4-6) were obtained when hydrolyzing SSP, which is significant for applications in medicine and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunfan Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuoxiao Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mengyuan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Sicong Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zongqi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jin Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinhua Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Dawei Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Biochemical and molecular characterization of an acido-thermostable endo-chitinase from Bacillus altitudinis KA15 for industrial degradation of chitinous waste. Carbohydr Res 2020; 495:108089. [PMID: 32807357 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the isolation and identification of an acido-thermostable chitinase (ChiA-Ba43) which was purified, from the culture liquid of Bacillus altitudinis strain KA15, and characterized. Purification of ChiA-Ba43 produced a 69.6-fold increase in the specific activity (120,000 U/mg) of the chitinase, with a yield of 51% using colloidal chitin as substrate. ChiA-Ba43 was found to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 43,190.05 Da as determined by MALDI-TOF/MS. N-terminal sequence of the first 27 amino-acids (aa) of ChiA-Ba43 displayed homology to chitinases from other Bacillus species. Interestingly, ChiA-Ba43 exhibited optimum pH and temperature of 4-5.5 and 85 °C, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) showed that the final hydrolyzed products of the enzyme from chitin-oligosaccharides and colloidal chitin are a mixture of (GlcNAc)2, (GlcNAc)3, (GlcNAc)4, and (GlcNAc)5, which indicates that ChiA-Ba43 possesses an endo-acting function. More interestingly, compared to ChiA-Mt45, ChiA-Hh59, Chitodextrinase®, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase®, and ChiA-65, ChiA-Ba43 demonstrated a high level of catalytic efficiency and outstanding tolerance towards various organic solvents. The chiA-Ba43 gene (1332 bp) encoding ChiA-Ba43 (409 aa) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli strain HB101. The biochemical properties of the recombinant chitinase (rChiA-Ba43) were equivalent to those of the natively expressed enzyme. These properties make ChiA-Ba43 an ideal candidate for industrial bioconversion of chitinous waste.
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Combining proteogenomics and metaproteomics for deep taxonomic and functional characterization of microbiomes from a non-sequenced host. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:23. [PMID: 32504001 PMCID: PMC7275042 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metaproteomics of gut microbiomes from animal hosts lacking a reference genome is challenging. Here we describe a strategy combining high-resolution metaproteomics and host RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) with generalist database searching to survey the digestive tract of Gammarus fossarum, a small crustacean used as a sentinel species in ecotoxicology. This approach provides a deep insight into the full range of biomasses and metabolic activities of the holobiont components, and differentiates between the intestine and hepatopancreatic caecum.
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Yahiaoui M, Laribi-Habchi H, Bouacem K, Asmani KL, Mechri S, Harir M, Bendif H, Aïssani-El Fertas R, Jaouadi B. Purification and biochemical characterization of a new organic solvent-tolerant chitinase from Paenibacillus timonensis strain LK-DZ15 isolated from the Djurdjura Mountains in Kabylia, Algeria. Carbohydr Res 2019; 483:107747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ramakrishna B, Vaikuntapu P, Mallakuntla MK, Bhuvanachandra B, Sivaramakrishna D, Uikey S, Podile AR. Carboxy-terminal glycosyl hydrolase 18 domain of a carbohydrate active protein of Chitinophaga pinensis is a non-processive exochitinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 115:1225-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Yang S, Fu X, Yan Q, Guo Y, Liu Z, Jiang Z. Cloning, expression, purification and application of a novel chitinase from a thermophilic marine bacterium Paenibacillus barengoltzii. Food Chem 2016; 192:1041-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Draft Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus Strain P1XP2, a Polysaccharide-Degrading, Thermophilic, Facultative Anaerobic Bacterium Isolated from a Commercial Bioreactor Degrading Food Waste. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/1/e01484-14. [PMID: 25635015 PMCID: PMC4319509 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01484-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of the ~5.8-Mb draft genome sequence of a moderately thermophilic, heterotrophic, facultative anaerobic bacterium, Paenibacillus strain P1XP2, identified genes for enzymes with the potential for degrading complex food wastes, a property consistent with the ecological habitat of the isolate.
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Han KI, Kim YH, Hwang SG, Jung EG, Patnaik BB, Han YS, Nam KW, Kim WJ, Han MD. Bacterial Community Dynamics of Salted and Fermented Shrimp based on Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis. J Food Sci 2014; 79:M2516-22. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kook-Il Han
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Kim
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Gu Hwang
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Gil Jung
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Div. of Plant Biotechnology; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Chonnam Natl. Univ; Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Div. of Plant Biotechnology; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Chonnam Natl. Univ; Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
| | - Kung-Woo Nam
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Jong Kim
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Deuk Han
- Dept. of Life Science and Biotechnology; Soonchunhyang Univ; Asan Chungnam 336-745 Republic of Korea
- Div. of Plant Biotechnology; College of Agriculture and Life Science; Chonnam Natl. Univ; Gwangju 500-757 Republic of Korea
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Fu X, Yan Q, Yang S, Yang X, Guo Y, Jiang Z. An acidic, thermostable exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity from Paenibacillus barengoltzii converting chitin to N-acetyl glucosamine. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:174. [PMID: 25550712 PMCID: PMC4280004 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is widely used as a valuable pharmacological agent and a functional food additive. The traditional chemical process for GlcNAc production has some problems such as high production cost, low yield, and acidic pollution. Hence, to identify a novel chitinase that is suitable for bioconversion of chitin to GlcNAc is of great value. RESULTS A novel chitinase gene (PbChi74) from Paenibacillus barengoltzii was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as an intracellular soluble protein. The gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 2,163 bp encoding 720 amino acids. The recombinant chitinase (PbChi74) was purified to apparent homogeneity with a purification fold of 2.2 and a recovery yield of 57.9%. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 74.6 kDa and 74.3 kDa by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. PbChi74 displayed an acidic pH optimum of 4.5 and a temperature optimum of 65°C. The enzyme showed high activity toward colloidal chitin, glycol chitin, N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides, and p-nitrophenyl N-acetyl β-glucosaminide. PbChi74 hydrolyzed colloidal chitin to yield N-acetyl chitobiose [(GlcNAc)2] at the initial stage, which was further converted to its monomer N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc), suggesting that it is an exochitinase with β-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. The purified PbChi74 coupled with RmNAG (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Rhizomucor miehei) was used to convert colloidal chitin to GlcNAc, and GlcNAc was the sole end product at a concentration of 27.8 mg mL(-1) with a conversion yield of 92.6%. These results suggest that PbChi74 may have great potential in chitin conversion. CONCLUSIONS The excellent thermostability and hydrolytic properties may give the exochitinase great potential in GlcNAc production from chitin. This is the first report on an exochitinase with N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activity from Paenibacillus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fu
- />Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- />Bioresource Utilization Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- />Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xinbin Yang
- />Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yu Guo
- />Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- />Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083 China
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