1
|
Sanju N, Vineet M, Kumud M. Development and Evaluation of a Polyherbal Broad Spectrum Sunscreen formulation using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles of Safranal. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4433-4446. [PMID: 35034408 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UV absorption properties of bioactive agents has lead to their screening and development to provide photo protection. Safranal is one such secondary plant metabolite obtained from Saffron (Crocus sativus) and reported to possess antioxidant and antisolar properties. The objective of this research was to design a suitable delivery system for the topical delivery of Safranal and to develop broad spectrum polyherbal sun protection cream with mild photoprotection. Safranal loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) were formulated using probe sonication technique. The effect of variables like lipid concentration, surfactant concentration and stirring time were studied using central composite design using Design Expert 7.0 (Stat-Ease, Inc, USA). Particle size analysis of prepared SLN revealed the particles in the range of 460nm-980nm (F9). Entrapment efficiency was found between 88% and 99% . SLN was further characterized by techniques like DSC, FTIR and TEM. These SLN were combined with zinc oxide, pearl powder, Pterocarpus santalinus; a natural colorant with skin whitening effect and dispersed in a dermatological acceptable carrier with excellent skin nourishing properties. Other natural ingredients namely Almond oil, Hen egg oil and Aloevera gel were also incorporated due to their Sun protection properties. Evaluation of sunscreen cream by transmittane method showed good texture, excellent rheological properties, optimum pH and stability. The developed product showed broad spectrum of sunscreen protection with SPF 9.22, UV-A ++ and *** Boot Star Rating. The significant inhibitory activity of Safranal on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) analyzed by biochemical Investigation method and a higher SPF established that this bioorganic molecule is a strong photoprotective agent. Designing of Solid lipid nanoparticles and incorporation of other traditional ingredients in the recipe augmented its antisolar property and provided an all natural sunscreen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanda Sanju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak
| | - Mittal Vineet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak
| | - Madan Kumud
- Lloyd Institute of Technology and Management (Pharm.), Greater Noida
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kaminaka C, Yamamoto Y, Sakata M, Hamamoto C, Misawa E, Nabeshima K, Saito M, Tanaka M, Abe F, Jinnin M. Effects of low-dose Aloe sterol supplementation on skin moisture, collagen score and objective or subjective symptoms: 12-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Dermatol 2020; 47:998-1006. [PMID: 32515040 PMCID: PMC7496846 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Daily oral intake of 40 μg Aloe sterol was shown in a double‐blind clinical trial to significantly increase skin barrier function, moisture and elasticity. Ultrasonographic results also suggested that the intake of Aloe sterol increases collagen content in the dermis. Here, we evaluate the effects of a much smaller dose of Aloe sterol, approximately half that used previously, on skin functions in more detail. This is a monocentric, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, supplementation study of the effects of low‐dose Aloe sterol on skin transepidermal water loss, hydration, collagen score, evaluation of objective or subjective symptoms, and safety after 12 weeks of daily intake. We randomly administrated either Aloe sterol or placebo to 122 healthy volunteers. Transepidermal water loss was significantly reduced and collagen score was increased in the Aloe sterol group compared with the placebo group at week 12. In the Aloe sterol group, there was significant improvement of objective skin condition (face erythema and pruritus of inner and outer arms) at week 12 compared with week 0, but not in the placebo group. Subjectively, there was significant improvement of visual analog scale of skin acne, fingernail brittleness and constipation in the Aloe sterol group. According to subgroup analysis, although not planned before the study initiation, subjects with dry skin in the Aloe sterol group had significantly increased skin hydration values at week 12 compared with the placebo group. Our results confirmed that even low‐dose Aloe sterol ingestion improves skin moisture by promoting skin barrier function and dermal collagen production, which contributes to maintenance of healthy skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kaminaka
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mariko Sakata
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Eriko Misawa
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nabeshima
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Marie Saito
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Functional Food Ingredients Department, Food Ingredients and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zaid AN, Al Ramahi R. Depigmentation and Anti-aging Treatment by Natural Molecules. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2292-2312. [PMID: 31269882 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703153730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecules are becoming more accepted choices as cosmetic agents, many products in the market today claim to include natural components. Plants include many substances that could be of a value in the whitening of the skin and working as anti-aging agents. A wide range of articles related to natural skin whitening and anti-aging agents have been reviewed. Many plant-derived and natural molecules have shown to affect melanin synthesis by different mechanisms, examples include Arbutin, Ramulus mori extract, Licorice extract, Glabridin, Liquiritin, Kojic acid, Methyl gentisate, Aloesin, Azelaic acid, Vitamin C, Thioctic acid, Soya bean extracts, Niacinamide, α and β-hydroxy acids, Lactic acid, Chamomile extract, and Ellagic acid. Some of the widely used natural anti-aging products as natural antioxidants, collagen, hyaluronic acid, and coenzyme Q can counteract the effects of reactive oxygen species in skin cells and have anti-aging properties on the skin. It was concluded that many natural products including antioxidants can prevent UV-induced skin damage and have whitening and anti-aging effects. It is very important to develop and stabilize appropriate methods for the evaluation of the whitening and anti-aging capacity of natural products and their exact mechanism of action to ensure real efficacy based on evidence-based studies. The attention should be oriented on the formulations and the development of an appropriate vehicle to ensure suitable absorption of these natural products in addition to evaluating the suitable concentration of these molecules required having the desired effects without causing harmful side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Naser Zaid
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| | - Rowa' Al Ramahi
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestinian Territory, Occupied
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Svitina H, Swanepoel R, Rossouw J, Netshimbupfe H, Gouws C, Hamman J. Treatment of Skin Disorders with Aloe Materials. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2208-2240. [PMID: 31269881 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190703154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ and functions as a barrier to protect the underlying tissues against the elements and pathogens, while also fulfilling many physiological roles and biochemical functions such as preventing excessive water loss. Skin disorders vary greatly in terms of origin, severity, symptoms and affect persons of all ages. Many plants have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient times including the treatment of skin disorders and diseases. Aloe represents one of the earliest medicinal plant species mentioned in antique scriptures and even in rock art dating back thousands of years. Different Aloe species and materials have been used in the prevention and treatment of skin related disorders. Aloe vera is the most commonly used Aloe species for medicinal purposes. Some of the most prominent skin related applications and disorders that Aloe materials have been investigated for are discussed in this paper, which include cosmetic, radiation, cancer, wound and antimicrobial applications. Both in vitro and in vivo studies are included in the discussions of this paper and comprehensive summaries of all these studies are given in tables in each section. Although some contradictory results were obtained among studies, certain Aloe materials have shown excellent efficacy and exhibited potential for the treatment of skin related disorders and cosmetic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Svitina
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Roan Swanepoel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Happiness Netshimbupfe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen™), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Skarupova D, Vostalova J, Rajnochova Svobodova A. Ultraviolet A protective potential of plant extracts and phytochemicals. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:1-22. [PMID: 32188958 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2020.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is related to an increased incidence of various skin disorders, including premature skin aging and melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Ultraviolet (UV) photons in particular are responsible for skin damage. Solar UV photons mainly belong to UVA wavebands, however UVA radiation has been mostly ignored for a long time. At the cellular level, UVA photons mainly provoke indirect oxidative damage to biomolecules via the massive generation of unstable and highly reactive compounds. Human skin has several effective mechanisms that forestall, repair and eliminate damage caused by solar radiation. Regardless, some damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. Therefore, conscious protection against solar radiation (UVB+UVA) is necessary. Besides traditional types of photoprotection such as sunscreen use, new strategies are being searched for and developed. One very popular protective strategy is the application of phytochemicals as active ingredients of photoprotection preparations instead of synthetic chemicals. Phytochemicals usually possess additional biological activities besides absorbing the energy of photons, and those properties (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory) magnify the protective potential of phytochemicals and extracts. Therefore, compounds of natural origin are in the interest of researchers as well as developers. In this review, only studies on UVA protection with well-documented experimental conditions are summarized. This article includes 17 well standardized plant extracts (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Punica granatum L., Polypodium aureum L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Lonicera caerulea L., Thymus vulgaris L., Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill., Morinda citrifolia L., Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f., Oenothera paradoxa Hudziok, Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz et Pavón, Hippophae rhamnoides L., Cola acuminata Schott & Endl., Theobroma cacao L. and Amaranthus cruentus L.) and 26 phytochemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Skarupova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vostalova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Rajnochova Svobodova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sánchez M, González-Burgos E, Iglesias I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Pharmacological Update Properties of Aloe Vera and its Major Active Constituents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061324. [PMID: 32183224 PMCID: PMC7144722 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera has been traditionally used to treat skin injuries (burns, cuts, insect bites, and eczemas) and digestive problems because its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. Research on this medicinal plant has been aimed at validating traditional uses and deepening the mechanism of action, identifying the compounds responsible for these activities. The most investigated active compounds are aloe-emodin, aloin, aloesin, emodin, and acemannan. Likewise, new actions have been investigated for Aloe vera and its active compounds. This review provides an overview of current pharmacological studies (in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials), written in English during the last six years (2014–2019). In particular, new pharmacological data research has shown that most studies refer to anti-cancer action, skin and digestive protective activity, and antimicrobial properties. Most recent works are in vitro and in vivo. Clinical trials have been conducted just with Aloe vera, but not with isolated compounds; therefore, it would be interesting to study the clinical effect of relevant metabolites in different human conditions and pathologies. The promising results of these studies in basic research encourage a greater number of clinical trials to test the clinical application of Aloe vera and its main compounds, particularly on bone protection, cancer, and diabetes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Li N, Yan YQ, Liu Y, Xiong K, Liu Y, Xia QM, Zhang H, Liu ZD. Recent advances in the anti-aging effects of phytoestrogens on collagen, water content, and oxidative stress. Phytother Res 2019; 34:435-447. [PMID: 31747092 PMCID: PMC7078862 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin undergoes degenerative changes as it ages, which include the loss of elasticity, reductions in the epidermal thickness and collagen content, elastic fiber degeneration, and increased wrinkling and dryness. Skin aging can be significantly delayed by the administration of estrogen. Estrogen deficiency following menopause results in atrophic skin changes and the acceleration of skin aging. Estrogen administration has positive effects on human skin by delaying or preventing skin aging manifestations, but the use of estrogen replacement is a risk factor for breast and uterine cancer. Phytoestrogens are a large family of plant‐derived molecules possessing various degrees of estrogen‐like activity; they exhibit agonist or antagonist estrogenic properties depending on the tissue. These molecules could be ideal candidates to combat skin aging and other detrimental effects of hypoestrogenism. In this paper, we review the effects of phytoestrogens on human skin and the mechanisms by which phytoestrogens can alleviate the changes due to aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Qi Yan
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Information Center, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Xiong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chinese Medical College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing-Mei Xia
- Chinese Medical College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Laboratory of Pharmacology of TCM Formulae Co-Constructed by the Province-Ministry, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Granato D, Nunes DS, Barba FJ. An integrated strategy between food chemistry, biology, nutrition, pharmacology, and statistics in the development of functional foods: A proposal. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|