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Geraldes C, Tavares L, Gil S, Oliveira M. Biocides in the Hospital Environment: Application and Tolerance Development. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:456-476. [PMID: 37643289 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections are a rising problem with consequences for patients, hospitals, and health care workers. Biocides can be employed to prevent these infections, contributing to eliminate or reduce microorganisms' concentrations at the hospital environment. These antimicrobials belong to several groups, each with distinct characteristics that need to be taken into account in their selection for specific applications. Moreover, their activity is influenced by many factors, such as compound concentration and the presence of organic matter. This article aims to review some of the chemical biocides available for hospital infection control, as well as the main factors that influence their efficacy and promote susceptibility decreases, with the purpose to contribute for reducing misusage and consequently for preventing the development of resistance to these antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Geraldes
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Solange Gil
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Animal Health, Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU), Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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Šilha D, Syrová P, Syrová L, Janečková J. Smoothie Drinks: Possible Source of Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Microorganisms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11244039. [PMID: 36553778 PMCID: PMC9778333 DOI: 10.3390/foods11244039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoothie drinks are currently very popular drinks sold especially in fast food establishments. However, smoothies are a significant source of microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of smoothies purchased in Eastern Bohemia. A higher prevalence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (5.4-7.2 log CFU/mL), yeast (4.4-5.9 log CFU/mL) and coliform bacteria (3.1-6.0 log CFU/mL) was observed in vegetable smoothies, in which even the occurrence of enterococci (1.6-3.3 log CFU/mL) was observed. However, the occurrence of S. aureus, Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. was not observed in any samples. Nevertheless, antimicrobial resistance was observed in 71.8% of the isolated strains. The highest level of resistance was found in isolates from smoothie drinks with predominantly vegetable contents (green smoothie drinks). Considerable resistance was observed in Gram-negative rods, especially to amoxicillin (82.2%) and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (55.6%). Among enterococci, only one vancomycin-resistant strain was detected. The vast majority of isolated strains were able to form biofilms at a significant level, which increases the clinical importance of these microorganisms. The highest biofilm production was found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Kocuria kristinae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Overall, significant biofilm production was also noted among isolates of Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Šilha
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532-10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Petra Syrová
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532-10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Syrová
- Department of Infectious Diagnostics, Hospital of the Pardubice Region, Jana Evangelisty Purkyně 652, 570-14 Litomysl, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janečková
- Department of Infectious Diagnostics, Hospital of the Pardubice Region, Jana Evangelisty Purkyně 652, 570-14 Litomysl, Czech Republic
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Gagné MJ, Savard T, Brassard J. Interactions Between Infectious Foodborne Viruses and Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Different Food Contact Surfaces. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2022; 14:267-279. [PMID: 36030359 PMCID: PMC9458689 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-022-09534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms contribute to contamination, spoilage, persistence, and hygiene failure in the food industry, but relatively little is known about the behavior of foodborne viruses evolving in the complex communities that make up biofilm. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between enteric viruses and biofilms on food contact surfaces. Formed biofilms of mono- and multispecies cultures were prepared on glass, stainless steel, and polystyrene coupons and 105 pfu/ml of murine norovirus, rotavirus, and hepatitis A virus were added and incubated for 15 min, 90 min, and 24 h. The data obtained clearly demonstrate that the presence of biofilms generally influences the adhesion of enteric viruses to different surfaces. Many significant increases in attachment rates were observed, particularly with rotavirus whose rate of viral infectious particles increased 7000 times in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens on polystyrene after 24 h of incubation and with hepatitis A virus, which seems to have an affinity for the biofilms formed by lactic acid bacteria. Murine norovirus seems to be the least influenced by the presence of biofilms with few significant increases. However, the different factors surrounding this association are unknown and seem to vary according to the viruses, the environmental conditions, and the composition of the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Josée Gagné
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Tony Savard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 8E3, Canada
| | - Julie Brassard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 8E3, Canada.
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Gupta V, Shekhawat SS, Kulshreshtha NM, Gupta AB. A systematic review on chlorine tolerance among bacteria and standardization of their assessment protocol in wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:261-291. [PMID: 35906907 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Though chlorine is a cost-effective disinfectant for water and wastewaters, the bacteria surviving after chlorination pose serious public health and environmental problems. This review critically assesses the mechanism of chlorine disinfection as described by various researchers; factors affecting chlorination efficacy; and the re-growth potential of microbial contaminations in treated wastewater post chlorination to arrive at meaningful doses for ensuring health safety. Literature analysis shows procedural inconsistencies in the assessment of chlorine tolerant bacteria, making it extremely difficult to compare the tolerance characteristics of different reported tolerant bacteria. A comparison of logarithmic reduction after chlorination and the concentration-time values for prominent pathogens led to the generation of a standard protocol for the assessment of chlorine tolerance. The factors that need to be critically monitored include applied chlorine doses, contact time, determination of chlorine demands of the medium, and the consideration of bacterial counts immediately after chlorination and in post chlorinated samples (regrowth). The protocol devised here appropriately assesses the chlorine-tolerant bacteria and urges the scientific community to report the regrowth characteristics as well. This would increase the confidence in data interpretation that can provide a better understanding of chlorine tolerance in bacteria and aid in formulating strategies for effective chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Gupta
- Alumnus, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sandeep Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India E-mail: ; School of Life and Basic Sciences, SIILAS Campus, Jaipur National University Jaipur, India
| | - Niha Mohan Kulshreshtha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India E-mail:
| | - Akhilendra Bhushan Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India E-mail:
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Huang X, Tian S, Chen X, Han B, Xue Y. Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation by Providencia rettgeri and Subsequent Effect of Tannic Acid Treatment under Food-Related Environmental Stress Conditions. J Food Prot 2022; 85:849-858. [PMID: 35271716 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Providencia rettgeri is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen with a strong biofilm-forming ability in low-nutrition environments. However, information regarding the impact of simulated food processing conditions on P. rettgeri planktonic growth and biofilm formation is limited. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the combined effects of temperature (19 to 37°C), pH (5 to 9), and sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration (0.50 to 2.0%, w/v) were applied to construct planktonic growth and biofilm formation models for P. rettgeri. For both RSM models, an increase in NaCl concentration restricted P. rettgeri growth. Planktonic growth and biofilm formation were maximum at 27.83 and 25.41°C, respectively. Tannic acid (TA) is a highly effective antibacterial agent that inhibited planktonic and biofilm P. rettgeri under optimal growth conditions. The viability of P. rettgeri cells was decreased by TA treatment, which caused destruction of the cell membrane and production of endogenous reactive oxygen species. TA significantly inactivated P. rettgeri biofilms, as verified by observation. The obtained models in this study may be useful for describing the impact of temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration on the growth by P. rettgeri in the food processing environment and better understanding the impacts of food-related conditions on bacterial planktonic growth and biofilm formation. These results obtained for P. rettgeri planktonic cells and biofilms can provide a framework for removal strategies for other foodborne pathogens. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Huang
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Tian
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Beizhong Han
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Xue
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
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Papadakis P, Konteles S, Batrinou A, Ouzounis S, Tsironi T, Halvatsiotis P, Tsakali E, Van Impe JFM, Vougiouklaki D, Strati IF, Houhoula D. Characterization of Bacterial Microbiota of P.D.O. Feta Cheese by 16S Metagenomic Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112377. [PMID: 34835502 PMCID: PMC8625534 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The identification of bacterial species in fermented PDO (protected designation of origin) cheese is important since they contribute significantly to the final organoleptic properties, the ripening process, the shelf life, the safety and the overall quality of cheese. Methods: Ten commercial PDO feta cheeses from two geographic regions of Greece, Epirus and Thessaly, were analyzed by 16S metagenomic analysis. Results: The biodiversity of all the tested feta cheese samples consisted of five phyla, 17 families, 38 genera and 59 bacterial species. The dominant phylum identified was Firmicutes (49% of the species), followed by Proteobacteria (39% of the species), Bacteroidetes (7% of the species), Actinobacteria (4% of the species) and Tenericutes (1% of the species). Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae were the most abundant families, in which starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belonged, but also 21 nonstarter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) were identified. Both geographical areas showed a distinctive microbiota fingerprint, which was ultimately overlapped by the application of starter cultures. In the rare biosphere of the feta cheese, Zobellella taiwanensis and Vibrio diazotrophicus, two Gram-negative bacteria which were not previously reported in dairy samples, were identified. Conclusions: The application of high-throughput DNA sequencing may provide a detailed microbial profile of commercial feta cheese produced with pasteurized milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Papadakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Spyros Konteles
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Anthimia Batrinou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Sotiris Ouzounis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece;
| | - Theofania Tsironi
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Halvatsiotis
- 2nd Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “ATTIKON” University Hospital, 1 Rimini Str., 12462 Chaidari, Greece;
| | - Efstathia Tsakali
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC+—Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (D.H.)
| | - Jan F. M. Van Impe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, BioTeC+—Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Gent, Belgium;
| | - Despina Vougiouklaki
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Irini F. Strati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
| | - Dimitra Houhoula
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, 28 Agiou Spiridonos Str., 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (P.P.); (S.K.); (A.B.); (D.V.); (I.F.S.)
- Correspondence: (E.T.); (D.H.)
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Brêda Mascarenhas LA, Machado BAS, Rodrigues LDAP, Saraiva Hodel KV, Bandeira Santos AÁ, Freitas Neves PR, da Silva Andrade LPC, Soares MB, de Andrade JB, Badaró R. Potential application of novel technology developed for instant decontamination of personal protective equipment before the doffing step. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250854. [PMID: 34086691 PMCID: PMC8177472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has been considered the most effective way to avoid the contamination of healthcare workers by different microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2. A spray disinfection technology (chamber) was developed, and its efficacy in instant decontamination of previously contaminated surfaces was evaluated in two exposure times. Seven test microorganisms were prepared and inoculated on the surface of seven types of PPE (respirator mask, face shield, shoe, glove, cap, safety glasses and lab coat). The tests were performed on previously contaminated PPE using a manikin with a motion device for exposure to the chamber with biocidal agent (sodium hypochlorite) for 10 and 30s. In 96.93% of the experimental conditions analyzed, the percentage reduction was >99% (the number of viable cells found on the surface ranged from 4.3x106 to <10 CFU/mL). The samples of E. faecalis collected from the glove showed the lowest percentages reduction, with 86.000 and 86.500% for exposure times of 10 and 30 s, respectively. The log10 reduction values varied between 0.85 log10 (E. faecalis at 30 s in glove surface) and 9.69 log10 (E. coli at 10 and 30 s in lab coat surface). In general, E. coli, S. aureus, C. freundii, P. mirabilis, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis showed susceptibility to the biocidal agent under the tested conditions, with >99% reduction after 10 and 30s, while E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa showed a lower susceptibility. The 30s exposure time was more effective for the inactivation of the tested microorganisms. The results show that the spray disinfection technology has the potential for instant decontamination of PPE, which can contribute to an additional barrier for infection control of healthcare workers in the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Alberto Brêda Mascarenhas
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos
- SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves
- SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leone Peter Correia da Silva Andrade
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Soares
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Badaró
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Chen X, Hu Y, Tian S, Han B. Understanding the Interactions between Staphylococcus aureus and the Raw-Meat-Processing Environment Isolate Klebsiella oxytoca in Dual-Species Biofilms via Discovering an Altered Metabolic Profile. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040672. [PMID: 33805148 PMCID: PMC8064066 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a raw-meat-processing environment, members of the Enterobacteriaceae family can coexist with Staphylococcus aureus to form dual-species biofilms, leading to a higher risk of food contamination. However, very little is known about the effect of inter-species interactions on dual-species biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between S. aureus and raw-meat-processing environment isolates of Klebsiella oxytoca in dual-species biofilms, by employing an untargeted metabolomics tool. Crystal violet staining assay showed that the biomass of the dual-species biofilm significantly increased and reached its maximum after incubation for 21 h, compared with that of single species grown alone. The number of K. oxytoca in the dual-species biofilm was significantly higher than that of S. aureus. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed that both species were evenly distributed, and were tightly wrapped by extracellular polymeric substances in the dual-species biofilms. Ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) analysis exhibited a total of 8184 positive ions, and 6294 negative ions were obtained from all test samples. Multivariate data analysis further described altered metabolic profiling between mono- and dual-species biofilms. Further, 18 and 21 different metabolites in the dual-species biofilm were screened as biomarkers by comparing the mono-species biofilms of S. aureus and K. oxytoca, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that were exclusively upregulated in the dual-species biofilm included ABC transporters, amino acid metabolism, and the two-component signal transduction system. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the interactive behavior of inter-species biofilm communities, by discovering altered metabolic profiling.
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Thomas SG, Abajorga M, Glover MA, Wengert PC, Parthasarathy A, Savka MA, Wadsworth CB, Shipman PA, Hudson AO. Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669-Potential Zoonotic Pathogens Isolated from Spotted Turtles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111805. [PMID: 33212916 PMCID: PMC7698337 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest challenges of the 21st century, and biofilm formation enables bacteria to resist antibiotic at much higher concentrations than planktonic cells. Earlier, we showed that the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila RIT668 and Citrobacter portucalensis RIT669 (closely related to C. freundii NBRC 12681) from infected spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata), formed biofilms and upregulated toxin expression on plastic surfaces, and were predicted to possess multiple antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we show that they each resist several antibiotics in the planktonic phase, but were susceptible to neomycin, and high concentrations of tetracycline and cotrimoxazole. The susceptibility of their biofilms to neomycin and cotrimoxazole was tested using the Calgary device. For A. hydrophila, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 500-1000, and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 32.3-62.5, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. For C. freundii MIC = 7.8-15.6, and, MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using cotrimoxazole, and MIC = 7.8, and MBEC > 1000 μg/mL, using neomycin. Both A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis activated an acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) dependent biosensor, suggesting that quorum sensing could mediate biofilm formation. Their multidrug resistance in the planktonic form, and weak biofilm eradication even with neomycin and cotrimoxazole, indicate that A. hydrophila and C. portucalensis are potential zoonotic pathogens, with risks for patients living with implants.
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10
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Santiago AJ, Donlan RM. Bacteriophage Infections of Biofilms of Health Care-Associated Pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae. EcoSal Plus 2020; 9. [PMID: 33118486 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0029-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, are considered both serious and urgent public health threats. Biofilms formed by these health care-associated pathogens can lead to negative and costly health outcomes. The global spread of antibiotic resistance, coupled with increased tolerance to antimicrobial treatments in biofilm-associated bacteria, highlights the need for novel strategies to overcome treatment hurdles. Bacteriophages (phages), or viruses that infect bacteria, have reemerged as one such potential strategy. Virulent phages are capable of infecting and killing their bacterial hosts, in some cases producing depolymerases that are able to hydrolyze biofilms. Phage therapy does have its limitations, however, including potential narrow host ranges, development of bacterial resistance to infection, and the potential spread of phage-encoded virulence genes. That being said, advances in phage isolation, screening, and genome sequencing tools provide an upside in overcoming some of these limitations and open up the possibilities of using phages as effective biofilm control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel J Santiago
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rodney M Donlan
- Clinical and Environmental Microbiology Branch, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Yuan L, Sadiq FA, Wang N, Yang Z, He G. Recent advances in understanding the control of disinfectant-resistant biofilms by hurdle technology in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3876-3891. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1809345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Faizan A. Sadiq
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Qian W, Fu Y, Liu M, Wang T, Zhang J, Yang M, Sun Z, Li X, Li Y. In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Vanillic Acid against Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040220. [PMID: 31766130 PMCID: PMC6963763 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillic acid (VA) is a flavoring agent found in edible plants and fruits. Few recent studies exhibited robust antibacterial activity of VA against several pathogen microorganisms. However, little was reported about the effect of VA on carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae (CREC). The purpose of the current study was to assess in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of VA against CREC. Here, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of VA against CREC was determined via gradient diffusion method. Furthermore, the antibacterial mode of VA against CREC was elucidated by measuring changes in intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, intracellular pH (pHin), cell membrane potential and membrane integrity. In addition, antibiofilm formation of VA was measured by crystal violet assay and visualized with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results showed that MIC of VA against E. cloacae was 600 μg/mL. VA was capable of inhibiting the growth of CREC and destroying the cell membrane integrity of CREC, as confirmed by the decrease of intracellular ATP concentration, pHin and membrane potential as well as distinctive variation in cellular morphology. Moreover, crystal violet staining, FESEM and CLSM results indicated that VA displayed robust inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of CREC and inactivated biofilm-related CREC cells. These findings revealed that VA exhibits potent antibacterial activity against CREC, and thus has potential to be exploited as a natural preservative to control the CREC associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-29-86168583 (W.Q. & T.W.)
| | - Yuting Fu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Miao Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (T.W.); Tel.: +86-29-86168583 (W.Q. & T.W.)
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Min Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhaohuan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China; (Y.F.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.S.); (X.L.)
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China;
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Morphophysiological responses of detached and adhered biofilms of Pseudomonas fluorescens to acidic electrolyzed water. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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