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Saadeldin IM, Tanga BM, Bang S, Seo C, Maigoro AY, Kang H, Cha D, Yun SH, Kim SI, Lee S, Cho J. Isolation, characterization, proteome, miRNAome, and the embryotrophic effects of chicken egg yolk nanovesicles (vitellovesicles). Sci Rep 2023; 13:4204. [PMID: 36918605 PMCID: PMC10014936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Egg yolk constitutes about a third of the structure of the chicken egg however, the molecular structure and physiological effects of egg yolk-derived lipid membranous vesicles are not clearly understood. In this study, for the first record, the egg yolk nanovesicles (vitellovesicles, VVs) were isolated, characterized, and used as a supplement for porcine embryo culture. Yolks of ten freshly oviposited eggs were filtered and ultracentrifuged at 100,000 × g for 3 h to obtain a pellet. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis of the pellet revealed bilipid membranous vesicles. Protein contents of the pellet were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry and the miRNA content was also profiled through BGISEQ-500 sequencer. VVs were supplemented with the in vitro culture medium of day-7 hatched parthenogenetic blastocysts. After 2 days of blastocyst culture, the embryonic cell count was increased in VVs supplemented embryos in comparison to the non-supplemented embryos. TUNEL assay showed that apoptotic cells were increased in control groups when compared with the VVs supplemented group. Reduced glutathione was increased by 2.5 folds in the VVs supplemented group while reactive oxygen species were increased by 5.3 folds in control groups. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that VVs significantly increased the expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes (monoglyceride lipase and lipase E), anti-apoptotic gene (BCL2), and superoxide dismutase, while significantly reducing apoptotic gene (BAX). Culturing embryos on Matrigel basement membrane matrix indicated that VVs significantly enhanced embryo attachment and embryonic stem cell outgrowths compared to the non-supplemented group. This considers the first report to characterize the molecular bioactive cargo contents of egg yolk nanovesicles to show their embryotrophic effect on mammalian embryos. This effect might be attributed to the protein and miRNA cargo contents of VVs. VVs can be used for the formulation of in vitro culture medium for mammalian embryos including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bereket Molla Tanga
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaerim Seo
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdulkadir Y Maigoro
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Kang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dabin Cha
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yun
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, 99, Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Semenov AN, Gvozdev DA, Moysenovich AM, Zlenko DV, Parshina EY, Baizhumanov AA, Budylin GS, Maksimov EG. Probing Red Blood Cell Membrane Microviscosity Using Fluorescence Anisotropy Decay Curves of the Lipophilic Dye PKH26. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415767. [PMID: 36555408 PMCID: PMC9781149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) aggregation and deformation are governed by the molecular processes occurring on the membrane. Since several social important diseases are accompanied by alterations in RBC aggregation and deformability, it is important to develop a diagnostic parameter of RBC membrane structural integrity and stability. In this work, we propose membrane microviscosity assessed by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy of the lipophilic PKH26 fluorescent probe as a diagnostic parameter. We measured the fluorescence decay curves of the PKH26 probe in the RBC membrane to establish the optimal parameters of the developed fluorescence assay. We observed a complex biphasic profile of the fluorescence anisotropy decay characterized by two correlation times corresponding to the rotational diffusion of free PKH26, and membrane-bounded molecules of the probe. The developed assay allowed us to estimate membrane microviscosity ηm in the range of 100-500 cP depending on the temperature, which paves the way for assessing RBC membrane properties in clinical applications as predictors of blood microrheological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Semenov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Gvozdev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia M. Moysenovich
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Zlenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Yu. Parshina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Adil A. Baizhumanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gleb S. Budylin
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene G. Maksimov
- Interdisciplinary Scientific and Educational School, Molecular Technologies of the Living Systems and Synthetic Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1 Leninskie Gory Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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3
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Semenov AN, Gvozdev DA, Zlenko DV, Protasova EA, Khashimova AR, Parshina EY, Baizhumanov AA, Lotosh NY, Kim EE, Kononevich YN, Pakhomov AA, Selishcheva AA, Sluchanko NN, Shirshin EA, Maksimov EG. Modulation of Membrane Microviscosity by Protein-Mediated Carotenoid Delivery as Revealed by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:905. [PMID: 36295665 PMCID: PMC9609150 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are potent antioxidants with a wide range of biomedical applications. However, their delivery into human cells is challenging and relatively inefficient. While the use of natural water-soluble carotenoproteins capable to reversibly bind carotenoids and transfer them into membranes is promising, the quantitative estimation of the delivery remains unclear. In the present work, we studied echinenone (ECN) delivery by cyanobacterial carotenoprotein AnaCTDH (C-terminal domain homolog of the Orange Carotenoid Protein from Anabaena), into liposome membranes labelled with BODIPY fluorescent probe. We observed that addition of AnaCTDH-ECN to liposomes led to the significant changes in the fast-kinetic component of the fluorescence decay curve, pointing on the dipole-dipole interactions between the probe and ECN within the membrane. It may serve as an indirect evidence of ECN delivery into membrane. To study the delivery in detail, we carried out molecular dynamics modeling of the localization of ECN within the lipid bilayer and calculate its orientation factor. Next, we exploited FRET to assess concentration of ECN delivered by AnaCTDH. Finally, we used time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy to assess changes in microviscosity of liposomal membranes. Incorporation of liposomes with β-carotene increased membrane microviscosity while the effect of astaxanthin and its mono- and diester forms was less pronounced. At temperatures below 30 °C addition of AnaCTDH-ECN increased membrane microviscosity in a concentration-dependent manner, supporting the protein-mediated carotenoid delivery mechanism. Combining all data, we propose FRET-based analysis and assessment of membrane microviscosity as potent approaches to characterize the efficiency of carotenoids delivery into membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey N. Semenov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Danil A. Gvozdev
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Zlenko
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena A. Protasova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasia R. Khashimova
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenia Yu. Parshina
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Adil A. Baizhumanov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia Yu. Lotosh
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Acad. Kurchatov Sq., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Eleonora E. Kim
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yuriy N. Kononevich
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Pakhomov
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Alla A. Selishcheva
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 1 Acad. Kurchatov Sq., Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Shirshin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Biophotonics, Biomedical Science and Technology Park, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Fizicheskaya Str., Troitsk, Moscow 108840, Russia
| | - Eugene G. Maksimov
- Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-2 Leninskie Gory St., Moscow 119991, Russia
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Lupi GA, Santiago Valtierra FX, Cabrera G, Spinelli R, Siano ÁS, González V, Osuna A, Oresti GM, Marcipar I. Development of low-cost cage-like particles to formulate veterinary vaccines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 251:110460. [PMID: 35901545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost adjuvants are urgently needed for the development of veterinary vaccines able to trigger strong immune responses. In this work, we describe a method to obtain a low-cost cage-like particles (ISCOMATRIX-like) adjuvant useful to formulate veterinary vaccines candidates. The main components to form the particles are lipids and saponins, which were obtained from egg yolk by ethanolic extraction and by dialyzing a non-refined saponins extract, respectively. Lipids were fully characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-chromatography (GC) and enzymatic methods, and saponins were characterized by TLC, HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Cage-like particles were prepared with these components or with commercial inputs. Both particles and the traditional Alum used in veterinary vaccines were compared by immunizing mice with Ovalbumin (OVA) formulated with these adjuvants and assessing IgG1, IgG2a anti OVA antibodies and specific Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH). In the yolk extract, a mixture of phospholipids, cholesterol and minor components of the extract (e.g. lyso-phospholipids) with suitable proportions to generate cage-like particles was obtained. Also, semi-purified saponins with similar features to those of the QuilA® were obtained. Cage-like particles prepared with these components have 40-50 nm and triggers similar levels of Anti-OVA IgG1 and DTH than with commercial inputs but higher specific-IgG2a. Both adjuvants largely increased the levels of IgG1, IgG2a and DTH in relation to the formulation with Alum. The methods described to extract lipids from egg yolk and saponins from non-refined extract allowed us to obtain an inexpensive and highly effective adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana A Lupi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Florencia X Santiago Valtierra
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Roque Spinelli
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos - Departamento de Química Orgánica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Álvaro S Siano
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos - Departamento de Química Orgánica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Verónica González
- Grupo de Polímeros y Reactores de Polimerización, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica Molecular y Parasitología, Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina.
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5
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Molaveisi M, Shahidi‐Noghabi M, Naji‐Tabasi S. Controlled release and improved stability of vitamin
D3
within nanoliposomes stabilized by palmitic acid. J Food Saf 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Molaveisi
- Department of Food Chemistry Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST) Mashhad Iran
| | - Mostafa Shahidi‐Noghabi
- Department of Food Chemistry Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST) Mashhad Iran
| | - Sara Naji‐Tabasi
- Department of Food Nanotechnology Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST) Mashhad Iran
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6
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Redwan EM, Aljadawi AA, Uversky VN. Simple and efficient protocol for immunoglobulin Y purification from chicken egg yolk. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100956. [PMID: 33652537 PMCID: PMC7936219 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides being a common food component broadly consumed worldwide, egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) has essential therapeutic potentials. In fact, in a time of ever-increasing risk of antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to find new ways to battle infection, and oral administration of preformed specific antibodies represents one of the most attractive approaches against infection. Infectious diseases of bacterial and viral origin in humans and animals can be controlled and passively cured by orally applied IgYs isolated from chicken egg yolks. Despite multiple obvious advantages of oral administration of IgY, harvesting IgY from egg yolk in a pure form is a challenging task. In this study, we developed a fast, simple, cost-effective, and efficient protocol for IgY isolation from chicken egg yolks. First, egg yolk was collected and diluted with 5 volumes of cold distilled water, homogenized, pH adjusted, and centrifuged. Next, the supernatant was collected, to which caprylic acid at concentration of 2% v/v was added, followed by pH adjustment to pH 5.0, centrifugation at 4°C, and collection of the resulting supernatant. This step was repeated twice, with adding 2% v/v of caprylic acid each time. The final supernatant was concentrated using ultrafiltration, and the IgY purity and activities were checked by SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and ELISA. The sequential (2, 2, 2%) addition of caprylic acid yielded IgY with a purity of 63.5, 90.6, and 95.8%, respectively, and reached 97.9% after ultrafiltration at pH 9.0. The IgY activity increased exponentially to reach 99% after the ultrafiltration step. The proposed caprylic-acid-based protocol of IgY purification from the yolk of chicken eggs seems to be simple, fast, direct, and very cheap. This indicates that this protocol has great potential for scale-up processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah A Aljadawi
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Moscow region 142290, Russia; Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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7
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Tang Z, Luo C, Jun Y, Yao M, Zhang M, He K, Jin L, Ma J, Chen S, Sun S, Tao M, Ding L, Sun X, Chen X, Zhang L, Gao Y, Wang QL. Nanovector Assembled from Natural Egg Yolk Lipids for Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7984-7994. [PMID: 31971362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine uses nanotechnology-based strategies for precision tumor therapy, including passive and ligand-mediated active tumor targeting by nanocarriers. However, the possible biotoxicity of chemosynthetic nanovectors limits their clinical applications. A novel natural egg yolk lipid nanovector (EYLN) was developed for effective loading and delivery of therapeutic agents. Lipids were extracted from egg yolks and reassembled into nanosized particles. EYLNs' stability, cellular uptake, toxicity, and delivery capacity for therapeutic agents were evaluated in vitro. The systemic toxicity and biodistribution of EYLNs were analyzed in normal mice, and the therapeutic effects of doxorubicin (Dox)-loaded EYLNs were evaluated in mouse breast cancer and hepatoma models. EYLNs had a particle size of ∼40 nm and a surface ζ-potential of -45 mV and were effectively internalized by tumor cells, without showing toxicity and side effects in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, their excellent permeability and retention effect significantly enhanced the distribution of EYLNs at tumor sites, and EYLN-Dox effectively inhibited the tumor growth in both mouse models. Targeted modification with folic acid further promoted vector-mediated drug distribution in tumors. This study demonstrates that lipids with specific proportions in the egg yolk can be used to construct natural drug vectors, providing a new strategy for nano-oncology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Tang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Chao Luo
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Yali Jun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Mengchu Yao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Mengyan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Luhao Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- School of Basic Medicine , Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou 325035 , China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology , Jiangsu College of Nursing , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - SuAn Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Mingyue Tao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Lianshu Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Xiaoyang Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
| | - Qi-Long Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital , Nanjing Medical University , Huai'an 223300 , China
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