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Xiang Z, Liu L, Xu Z, Kong Q, Feng S, Chen T, Zhou L, Yang H, Xiao Y, Ding C. Solvent Effects on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Associated with Camellia polyodonta Flower Extracts. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27192-27203. [PMID: 38947808 PMCID: PMC11209931 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Camellia polyodonta flowers contain limited information available regarding the composition of their bioactive compounds and activity. The objective of this study was to identify phenolic compounds and investigate the effect of different solvents (ethanol and methanol) on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity in C. polyodonta flowers. The analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS revealed the presence of 105 phytochemicals and the most common compounds were flavonols, procyanidins, and ellagitannins. Interestingly, flavonol triglycosides were identified for the first time in these flowers. The study demonstrated that the concentration of the solvent had a significant impact on the total phenolic compound (TPC), total flavonoid compound (TFC), and total proanthocyanidin content (TPAC). The TPC, TFC, and TPAC showed a remarkable increase with the increasing concentration of the solvent, reaching their maximum levels (138.23 mg GAE/g DW, 421.62 mg RE/g DW, 60.77 mg PB2E/g DW) at 70% ethanol. However, the total anthocyanin content reached its maximum at low concentrations (0.49 mg CGE/g DW). Similar trends were observed in the antioxidant activity, as measured by the DPPH· assay (DPPH radical scavenging activity), ABTS·+ assay (ABTS radical cation scavenging activity), and FRAP assay (Ferric reducing antioxidant power). The maximum antioxidant activity was observed at 100% solvents and 70% methanol. Among the 14 individual phenolic compounds, 70% methanol yielded the highest content for 8 (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, procyanidin B2, procyanidin B4, epicatechin, rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, astragaline and quercitrin) out of the 14 compounds. Additionally, it was found that epicatechin was the most abundant phenolic compound, accounting for approximately 20339.37 μg/g DW. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that 70% methanol is the most effective solvent for extracting polyphenols from C. polyodonta flowers. These results provided chemical information and potential antioxidant value for further research in C. polyodonta flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Xiang
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Institute
of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food
Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Li Liu
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Panxi
Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Qingbo Kong
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Shiling Feng
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College
of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
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Xiang Z, Liu L, Xu Z, Kong Q, Liang H, Feng S, Chen T, Zhou L, Yang H, Ding C. Purification of Phenolic Compounds from Camellia polyodonta Flower: Composition Analysis, Antioxidant Property, and Hypolipidemic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:662. [PMID: 38929101 PMCID: PMC11200836 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Camellia polyodonta flowers are rich sources of phenolics and less attention has been paid to their potential biological activity. This study aims to explore the crude extracts and resulting purified fractions (CPFP-I, II, III, and IV) through compositional analysis and antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities in vitro and in vivo. Among four fractions, CPFP-II contained the highest total phenolic content and flavonoid content, while CPFP-III exhibited the greatest total proanthocyanidin content. Among the 14 phenolic compounds, CPFP-II displayed the highest content of procyanidin B2, B4, and C1, whereas CPFP-III contained the highest amount of 1,2,3,6-tetragalloylglucose. The DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assessments demonstrated a consistent trend: CPFP-II > CPFP-III > CPFP-I > CPFP-IV. In vivo experiments showed that that all four fractions significantly reduced lipid levels in hyperlipidemic C. elegans (p < 0.05), with CPFP-II exhibiting the most potent effect. Furthermore, CPFP-II effectively bound to bile acids and inhibited the enzymatic activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Consequently, CPFP-II should be prioritized as a promising fraction for further exploration and should provide substantial support for the feasibility of the C. polyodonta flower as a natural alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Xiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology (Institute of Food Nutrition and Health), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 60 Shizishan Road, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Zhou Xu
- Panxi Crops Research and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xichang University, Xichang 615000, China
| | - Qingbo Kong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Heng Liang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Lijun Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Hongyu Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China; (Z.X.)
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Hao B, Yang Z, Liu H, Liu Y, Wang S. Advances in Flavonoid Research: Sources, Biological Activities, and Developmental Prospectives. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:2884-2925. [PMID: 38666911 PMCID: PMC11049524 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, the occurrence of a large number of infectious and non-communicable diseases poses a serious threat to human health as well as to drug development for the treatment of these diseases. One of the most significant challenges is finding new drug candidates that are therapeutically effective and have few or no side effects. In this respect, the active compounds in medicinal plants, especially flavonoids, are potentially useful compounds with a wide range of pharmacological activities. They are naturally present in nature and valuable in the treatment of many infectious and non-communicable diseases. Flavonoids are divided into fourteen categories and are mainly derived from plant extraction, chemical synthesis and structural modification, and biosynthesis. The structural modification of flavonoids is an important way to discover new drugs, but biosynthesis is currently considered the most promising research direction with the potential to revolutionize the new production pipeline in the synthesis of flavonoids. However, relevant problems such as metabolic pathway analyses and cell synthesis protocols for flavonoids need to be addressed on an urgent basis. In the present review, new research techniques for assessing the biological activities of flavonoids and the mechanisms of their biological activities are elucidated and their modes of interaction with other drugs are described. Moreover, novel drug delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, bioparticles, colloidals, etc., are gradually becoming new means of addressing the issues of poor hydrophilicity, lipophilicity, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability of flavonoids. The present review summarizes the latest research progress on flavonoids, existing problems with their therapeutic efficacy, and how these issues can be solved with the research on flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (B.H.); (Z.Y.); (H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Xiang Z, Xia C, Feng S, Chen T, Zhou L, Liu L, Kong Q, Yang H, Ding C. Assessment of free and bound phenolics in the flowers and floral organs of two Camellia species flower and their antioxidant activities. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Quan W, Wang A, Gao C, Li C. Applications of Chinese Camellia oleifera and its By-Products: A Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:921246. [PMID: 35685348 PMCID: PMC9171030 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.921246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Camellia oleifera is a woody oil tree species unique to China that has been cultivated and used in China for more than 2,300 years. Most biological research on C. oleifera in recent years has focused on the development of new varieties and breeding. Novel genomic information has been generated for C. oleifera, including a high-quality reference genome at the chromosome level. Camellia seeds are used to process high-quality edible oil; they are also often used in medicine, health foods, and daily chemical products and have shown promise for the treatment and prevention of diseases. C. oleifera by-products, such as camellia seed cake, saponin, and fruit shell are widely used in the daily chemical, dyeing, papermaking, chemical fibre, textile, and pesticide industries. C. oleifera shell can also be used to prepare activated carbon electrodes, which have high electrochemical performance when used as the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries. C. oleifera is an economically valuable plant with diverse uses, and accelerating the utilization of its by-products will greatly enhance its industrial value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxuan Quan
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaochan Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Bangar SP, Chaudhary V, Sharma N, Bansal V, Ozogul F, Lorenzo JM. Kaempferol: A flavonoid with wider biological activities and its applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9580-9604. [PMID: 35468008 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol and its derivatives are naturally occurring phytochemicals with promising bioactivities. This flavonol can reduce the lipid oxidation in the human body, prevent the organs and cell structure from deterioration and protect their functional integrity. This review has extensively highlighted the antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activity of kaempferol. However, poor water solubility and low bioavailability of kaempferol greatly limit its applications. The utilization of advanced delivery systems can improve its stability, efficacy, and bioavailability. This is the first review that aimed to comprehensively collate some of the vital information published on biosynthesis, mechanism of action, bioactivities, bioavailability, and toxicological potential of kaempferol. Besides, it provides insights into the future direction on the improvement of bioavailability of kaempferol for wide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vandana Chaudhary
- College of Dairy Science and Technology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Food Customization Research Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasudha Bansal
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Government of Home Science College, Chandigarh, India
| | - Fatih Ozogul
- Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Cukurova, Adana, Turkey
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Ourense, Spain
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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Niu HZ, Liu CM, Hou WC, Li SN, Zhang YC, Liu Z, Yun HC. Development of a method to screen and isolate xanthine oxidase inhibitors from black bean in a single step: Hyphenation of semipreparative liquid chromatography and stepwise flow rate countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:492-506. [PMID: 34799974 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Black bean, in which isoflavones are the main active constituent, also contains saponins and monoterpenes. Soybean isoflavone is a secondary metabolite that is formed during the growth of soybean; it exhibits antioxidant and cardiovascular activities and traces estrogen-like effects. In this study, black bean isoflavones were extracted with n-butanol, and ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to screen their activity. Subsequently, the inhibitors were isolated and purified using semipreparative liquid chromatography and stepwise flow rate countercurrent chromatography. Thereafter, five active compounds were identified using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Finally, the inhibition types of the xanthine oxidase inhibitors were determined using enzymatic kinetic studies. The IC50 values of daidzin, glycitein-7-O-glucoside, genistin, daidzein, and genistein were determined to be 35.08, 56.22, 30.76, 68.79, and 95.37 μg/mL, respectively. Daidzin, genistin, and daidzein exhibited reversible inhibition, whereas glycitein-7-O-glucoside and genistein presented irreversible inhibition. This novel approach, which was based on ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and stepwise flow rate countercurrent chromatography, is a powerful method for screening and isolating xanthine oxidase inhibitors from complex matrices. The study of enzyme inhibition types is helpful for understanding the underlying inhibition mechanism. Therefore, a beneficial platform was developed for the large-scale production of bioactive and nutraceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhou Niu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Chao Hou
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Nan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Chi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Cheng Yun
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China
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Separation of three flavonoid glycosides from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. leaves using HSCCC and their antioxidant activities. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Duan W, Liu F. Combined Ultrahigh Pressure Extraction and High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography for Separation and Purification of Three Glycoside Compounds from Dendrobium officinale Protocorm. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133934. [PMID: 34203202 PMCID: PMC8271780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to Dendrobium candidum, protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) of Dendrobium candidum are of great value due to their high yield and low cost. In this work, three glycoside compounds, β-D-glucopyranose 1-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoat] (I), β-D-glucopyranose 1-[(E)-3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoat] (II), and 1-O-sinapoyl glucopyranoside (III), were extracted and isolated by ultrahigh pressure extraction (UPE) coupled with high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) from PLBs of D. officinale. First, the target compounds were optimized and prepared with 50% ethanol solution at a 1:30 (g/mL) solid/liquid ratio in 2 min under 300 MPa by UPE. Then, the crude extract was chromatographed with a silica gel column, and primary separation products were obtained. In addition, the products (150 mg) were separated by HSCCC under the solvent system of MTBE-n-butyl alcohol-acetonitrile-water (5:1:2:6, v/v/v/v), yielding 31.43 mg of compound I, 10.21 mg of compound II, and 24.75 mg of compound III. Their structures were further identified by ESI-MS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antioxidant results showed that the three compounds expressed moderate effects on the DPPH· scavenging effect. Compound II had the best antioxidant capacity and its IC50 value was 0.0497 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China; (W.Z.); (J.W.); (W.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Jinying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China; (W.Z.); (J.W.); (W.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Wenjuan Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China; (W.Z.); (J.W.); (W.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China; (W.Z.); (J.W.); (W.D.)
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250014, China;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +86-0531-8260-5319
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10
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Recent advances in Camellia oleifera Abel: A review of nutritional constituents, biofunctional properties, and potential industrial applications. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Qiu Y, He D, Yang J, Ma L, Zhu K, Cao Y. Kaempferol separated from Camellia oleifera meal by high-speed countercurrent chromatography for antibacterial application. Eur Food Res Technol 2020; 246:2383-2397. [PMID: 32837313 PMCID: PMC7415335 DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural biologically active substances have received continuous attention for the potentially beneficial health properties against chronic diseases. In this study, bacteriostatic active substance from Camellia oleifera meal, which is a major by-product of the Camellia oil processing industry, were extracted with continuous phase change extraction (CPCE) method and separated by HSCCC. Compared with traditional extraction methods, CPCE possessed higher extraction efficiency. Two main substances were separated and purified (above 90.0%). The structure of them were further identified by UV, LC-ESI-MS-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR as flavonoids F2 kaempferol 3-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside and J2 kaempferol 3-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)]-β-d-glucopyranoside for the first time in C. Oleifera meal. The results of antibacterial activity measurement showed that both compounds have excellent antibacterial activity. And the antibacterial stability of F2 were finally confirmed: F2 showed broad spectrum antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteriditis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus nigricans. Besides, F2 exhibited relatively high stable property even at high temperature, acid and metal ion solutions. The findings of this work suggest the possibility of employing C. oleifera meal as an attractive source of health-promoting compounds, and at the same time facilitate its high-value reuse and reduction of environmental burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Qiu
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Di He
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Lukai Ma
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Kaiqi Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agricultural and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510220 China
| | - Yong Cao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510000 China
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Panzella L, Moccia F, Nasti R, Marzorati S, Verotta L, Napolitano A. Bioactive Phenolic Compounds From Agri-Food Wastes: An Update on Green and Sustainable Extraction Methodologies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:60. [PMID: 32457916 PMCID: PMC7221145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are broadly represented in plant kingdom, and their occurrence in easily accessible low-cost sources like wastes from agri-food processing have led in the last decade to an increase of interest in their recovery and further exploitation. Indeed, most of these compounds are endowed with beneficial properties to human health (e.g., in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases), that may be largely ascribed to their potent antioxidant and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen species generated in settings of oxidative stress and responsible for the onset of several inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Apart from their use as food supplements or as additives in functional foods, natural phenolic compounds have become increasingly attractive also from a technological point of view, due to their possible exploitation in materials science. Several extraction methodologies have been reported for the recovery of phenolic compounds from agri-food wastes mostly based on the use of organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, or acetone. However, there is an increasing need for green and sustainable approaches leading to phenolic-rich extracts with low environmental impact. This review addresses the most promising and innovative methodologies for the recovery of functional phenolic compounds from waste materials that have appeared in the recent literature. In particular, extraction procedures based on the use of green technologies (supercritical fluid, microwaves, ultrasounds) as well as of green solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Panzella
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moccia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Nasti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Fan C, Li N, Cao X, Wen L. Ionic liquid-modified countercurrent chromatographic isolation of high-purity delphinidin-3-rutinoside from eggplant peel. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1132-1139. [PMID: 32144797 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Delphinidin-3-rutinoside, a high-value of anthocyanin, was isolated and purified by ionic liquid (IL)-modified countercurrent chromatography (CCC) from waste peel of eggplant (Solanum melongena), one of the most common vegetables consumed all around the world. Different conventional CCC and IL-CCC solvent systems were evaluated in respect of partition coefficient (K), separation factor (α), and stationary phase retention factor (Sf ) to separate polar target and other components. Basic solvent system, kind of ILs, and amount of ILs were systematically optimized by totally K-targeted strategy, which drastically reduced the experimental effort. Finally, a novel CCC two-phase solvent system (methyl tert-butyl ether-butanol-acetonitrile-1% trifluoroacetic acid water-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4 MIM][PF6 ]) [2:4:1:5:0.2; v/v/v/v/v]) was successfully established and applied. The baseline separation of target fraction was obtained in one cycle process. The purity of delphinidin-3-rutinoside was over 99%. Moreover, the distribution behavior of different kinds of ILs in biphasic solvent system and the removal method of ILs were explored. The results showed that hydrophobic IL significantly improved the partition of polar anthocyanin in organic solvent system, thereby the separation resolution and stationary phase retention through introducing intermolecular forces. This IL-modified CCC strategy may be applied for the separation of other anthocyanins from variety of natural food resources and waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Nai Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xueli Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lijiao Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
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