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Zhang C, Zheng J, Yu X, Kuang B, Dai X, Zheng L, Yu W, Teng W, Cao H, Li M, Yao J, Liu X, Zou W. "Baihui" (DU20)-penetrating "Qubin" (GB7) acupuncture on blood-brain barrier integrity in rat intracerebral hemorrhage models via the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38379356 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 (Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase II/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. METHODS Scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin," and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. RESULTS We found that ROCK II acts as a promoter of the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the pre-intervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK II, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. CONCLUSION This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Binglin Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Teng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayong Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Chen Y, He S, Zeng A, He S, Jin X, Li C, Mei W, Lu Q. Inhibitory Effect of β-Sitosterol on the Ang II-Induced Proliferation of A7r5 Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2023; 2023:2677020. [PMID: 38028434 PMCID: PMC10645495 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2677020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the effects of β-sitosterol on VSMC proliferation. Materials and Methods A7r5 cells were pretreated with 2 µM angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 hr to establish an excessive VSMC proliferation model, followed by treatment with β-sitosterol for 24 hr. Cells were divided into five groups: control, Ang II, and Ang II + β-sitosterol (2, 4, 8 µM). CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B assay analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, and autophagic flux. Additionally, the expression of proteins was detected by the western blotting. Results β-Sitosterol effectively inhibited Ang II-induced A7r5 cell proliferation (IC50 : 6.841 µM at 24 hr). It achieved this by arresting cell cycle progression, promoting apoptosis, inhibiting autophagy, and suppressing the contractile-synthetic phenotypic switch. Mechanistically, β-sitosterol downregulated PCNA, Cyclin D1, and Bcl-2, while upregulating pro-caspase 3, cleaved-caspase 3, and Bax to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, it suppressed the contractile-synthetic phenotypic transformation by downregulating OPN and upregulating α-SMA. The Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B Assay and western blotting revealed β-sitosterol's autophagy inhibitory effects by downregulating LC3, ULK1, and Beclin-1 while upregulating P62 expression. Discussion and Conclusion. This study found for the first time that β-sitosterol could inhibit the proliferation of A7r5 cells induced by Ang II. β-Sitosterol treatment may be recommended as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shumiao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 East Outer Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang M, Chen Y, Niu F, Luo X, Li J, Hu W. MicroRNA-30a-3p: a potential noncoding RNA target for the treatment of arteriosclerosis obliterans. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:11875-11890. [PMID: 37899171 PMCID: PMC10683622 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have shown that noncoding RNAs are involved in cardiovascular diseases. Our study shows that the expression of microRNA-30a-3p (miR-30a-3p) in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremities is significantly decreased after endovascular treatment, but its role is unclear. This study aims to explore the role of microRNA-30a-3p in ASO and its related mechanisms. Immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization costaining indicated that microRNA-30a-3p mostly exists in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, after transfection into VSMCs, microRNA-30a-3p inhibited VSMC proliferation, migration and phenotype switching. In addition, luciferase reporter and western blot analyses indicated that ROCK2 (Rho-related spiral coil 2 containing protein kinase) is a microRNA-30a-3p target gene, and participates in the microRNA-30a-3p mediated cell inhibitory effect. At last, the rat carotid artery was infected by lentivirus after balloon injury, which increased microRNA-30a-3p levels and apparently suppressed the formation of neointima in vivo. Overall, exogenous introduction of microRNA-30a-3p, a noncoding RNA with unlimited potential, may be a new approach to treat ASO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Guan Z, Lu R, Sun Y, Wang X, Yu C, Song T. Regulation of oxidized LDL-induced proliferation and migration in human vascular smooth muscle cells by a novel circ_0007478/miR-638/ROCK2 ceRNA network. Vasc Med 2023; 28:6-17. [PMID: 36759934 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x221137617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS) and the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Here, we defined the exact action of human circ_0007478 in VSMC migration and proliferation induced by ox-LDL. METHODS Human VSMCs (HVSMCs) were exposed to ox-LDL. Circ_0007478, microRNA (miR)-638, and rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2) levels were gauged by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT and EdU assays, respectively. Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays were used to evaluate the direct relationship between miR-638 and circ_0007478 or ROCK2. RESULTS Our data indicated that circ_0007478 expression was augmented in AS serum samples and ox-LDL-treated HVSMCs. Depletion of circ_0007478 attenuated HVSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion induced by ox-LDL. Mechanistically, circ_0007478 targeted miR-638 by directly pairing to miR-638. Reduction of miR-638 reversed the effects of circ_0007478 depletion on ox-LDL-evoked proliferation, migration, and invasion in HVSMCs. ROCK2 was a direct miR-638 target and miR-638-mediated inhibition of ROCK2 relieved ox-LDL-evoked HVSMC proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, circ_0007478 was identified as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-638 to modulate ROCK2 expression. CONCLUSION Our present study establishes an undescribed ceRNA regulatory network, in which circ_0007478 targets miR-638 to upregulate ROCK2, thereby contributing to ox-LDL-induced proliferation and migration in HVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Guan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ran Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaogao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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SONG XIAOSU, GAO FEN, LI HONG, QIN WEIWEI, CHAI CHANJUAN, SHI GUOJUAN, YANG HUIYU. Semaphorin 7A promotes human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the β-catenin signaling pathway. BIOCELL 2023. [DOI: 10.32604/biocell.2023.026545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Long Y, Li D, Yu S, Zhang YL, Liu SY, Wan JY, Shi A, Deng J, Wen J, Li XQ, Ma Y, Li N, Yang M. Natural essential oils: A promising strategy for treating cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115421. [PMID: 35659628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils (EO) are volatile compounds obtained from different parts of natural plants, and have been used in national, traditional and folk medicine to treat various health problems all over the world. Records indicate that in history, herbal medicines rich in EO have been widely used for the treatment of CVDs in many countries, such as China. AIM OF THE STUDY This review focused on the traditional application and modern pharmacological mechanisms of herbal medicine EO against CVDs in preclinical and clinical trials through multi-targets synergy. Besides, the EO and anti-CVDs drugs were compared, and the broad application of EO was explained from the properties of drugs and aromatic administration routes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information about EO and CVDs was collected from electronic databases such as Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The obtained data sets were sequentially arranged for better understanding of EO' potential. RESULTS The study showed that EO had significant application in CVDs at different countries or regions since ancient times. Aiming at the complex pathological mechanisms of CVDs, including intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial cell injury and dysfunction and dyslipidemia, we summarized the roles of EO on CVDs in preclinical and clinical through multi-targets intervention. Besides, EO had the dual properties of drug and excipients. And aromatherapy was one of the complementary therapies to improve CVDs. CONCLUSIONS This paper reviewed the EO on traditional treatment, preclinical mechanism and clinical application of CVDs. As important sources of traditional medicines, EO' remarkable efficacy had been confirmed in comprehensive literature reports, which showed that EO had great medicinal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Yan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
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Fang Z, Luo Z, Ji Y, Yang R, Gao J, Zhang N. A network pharmacology technique used to investigate the potential mechanism of Ligustilide's effect on atherosclerosis. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14146. [PMID: 35365921 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ligustilide (LIG) is a major active ingredient in traditional Chinese medicines that is also found in plant rhizomes such as carrot, coriander, and others, and it has been demonstrated to have cardiovascular preventive benefits. However, the mechanisms through which LIG protects the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in atherosclerosis (AS) remain unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the mechanisms of LIG in AS utilizing the network pharmacology and molecular docking, and then to validate the putative mechanism through experiments. The network pharmacological analysis indicated that a total of 55 were performed on LIG and AS intersection targets. The genes of LIG and AS intersection targets enriched in the regulation of receptor and enzyme activity, cytokines-related, and transcription factors, indicating that these targets were primarily involved in cell proliferation and migration, regulating cell differentiation and skeletal activities in the development of AS. Finally, molecular docking was used to validate the major targets of LIG and AS intersection targets. Further experiments revealed that LIG may inhibit cell migration induced by AngII by reducing calcium influx, and regulating phenotypic translation-related proteins SM-22α and OPN. The present study investigated the potential targets and signaling pathways of LIG, which provides new insight into its anti-atherosclerosis actions in terms of reducing inflammation, cell proliferation, and migration, and may constitute a novel target for the treatment of AS. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: LIG has been shown to have cardiovascular protective benefits, the mechanism by which it protects the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems in AS remains unknown. This study uses a holistic network pharmacology strategy to investigate putative treatment pathways and conducts exploratory experimentation. The findings demonstrate that LIG reduces VSMC migration in the treatment of AS, acts as an anti-inflammatory agent, and prevents excessive cell proliferation and migration. Finally, the goal of our research is to uncover the molecular mechanism of LIG's influence on AS. The findings will provide a new research avenue for LIG as well as suggestions for the study of other herbal treatments. These research results will provide a new research direction for LIG and provide guidance for the research of other herbal medicines. This work revealed the multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-disease mechanism of LIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicen Fang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhui Luo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanying Ji
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rihong Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jintian Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Li D, Long Y, Yu S, Shi A, Wan J, Wen J, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li N, Zheng C, Yang M, Shen L. Research Advances in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:832673. [PMID: 35173614 PMCID: PMC8841966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.832673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious threat to human health and account for 31% of global mortality. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is derived from umbellifer plants. Its rhizome, leaves, and fibrous roots are similar in composition but have different contents. It has been used in Japanese, Korean, and other traditional medicine for over 2000 years. Currently, it is mostly cultivated and has high safety and low side effects. Due to the lack of a systematic summary of the efficacy of CX in the treatment of CVDs, this article describes the material basis, molecular mechanism, and clinical efficacy of CX, as well as its combined application in the treatment of CVDs, and has been summarized from the perspective of safety. In particular, the pharmacological effect of CX in the treatment of CVDs is highlighted from the point of view of its mechanism, and the complex mechanism network has been determined to improve the understanding of CX's multi-link and multi-target therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial cells. This article offers a new and modern perspective on the impact of CX on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Chen YL, Ren Y, Rosa RH, Kuo L, Hein TW. Contributions of Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger 1 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases to Enhanced Retinal Venular Constriction to Endothelin-1 in Diabetes. Diabetes 2021; 70:2353-2363. [PMID: 34353852 PMCID: PMC8576499 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes elevates endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the vitreous and enhances constriction of retinal venules to this peptide. However, mechanisms contributing to ET-1-induced constriction of retinal venules are incompletely understood. We examined roles of sodium-hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1), protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and extracellular calcium (Ca2+) in retinal venular constriction to ET-1 and the impact of diabetes on these signaling molecules. Retinal venules were isolated from control pigs and pigs with streptozocin-induced diabetes for in vitro studies. ET-1-induced vasoconstriction was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and sensitive to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 but unaffected by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059, p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580, or broad-spectrum PKC inhibitor Gö 6983. Diabetes (after 2 weeks) enhanced venular constriction to ET-1, which was insensitive to PD98059 and Gö 6983 but was prevented by NHE1 inhibitor cariporide, SB203580, and SP600125. In conclusion, extracellular Ca2+ entry and activation of JNK, independent of ERK and PKC, mediate constriction of retinal venules to ET-1. Diabetes activates p38 MAPK and NHE1, which cause enhanced venular constriction to ET-1. Treatments targeting these vascular molecules may lessen retinal complications in early diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Robert H Rosa
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor Scott & White Eye Institute, Temple, TX
| | - Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
| | - Travis W Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX
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Wang H, Hu H, Ma J, Jiang Y, Cheng R. lncRNA ZFAS1 promotes the ox-LDL induced proliferation, invasion and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:835. [PMID: 34149881 PMCID: PMC8200810 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory vascular disease. The dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Additionally, upregulation of the long non-coding RNA zinc finger antisense 1 (ZFAS1) was observed in the plaques of patients with atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the functional role of ZFAS1 in atherosclerosis progression. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to analyze ZFAS1 mRNA expression, and western blotting was performed to determine the protein expression levels of Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)2 and MMP9. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to test cell viability. Finally, wound healing and Transwell chamber assays were performed to evaluate cell migration and invasion, respectively. The current findings demonstrated that ZFAS1 expression was upregulated by ox-LDL stimulation in VSMCs. Moreover, ZFAS1 overexpression promoted the ox-LDL-induced proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs, and upregulated the expression levels of proteins associated with cellular proliferation (Ki67 and PCNA), migration and invasion (MMP2 and 9). By contrast, ZFAS1-knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs, and suppressed cell proliferation-, migration- and invasion-associated protein expression. In conclusion, ZFAS1 promoted the ox-LDL-induced proliferation, invasion and migration of VSMCs. Thus, ZFAS1 may represent a novel biomarker for dysfunction of VSMCs in the pathological condition of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linhai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Medical Community, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Huajie Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linhai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Medical Community, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linhai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Medical Community, Linhai, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Yafeng Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222000, P.R. China
| | - Ruifei Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianyungang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222004, P.R. China
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11
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Luo Z, Zeng A, Chen Y, He S, He S, Jin X, Li C, Mei W, Lu Q. Ligustilide inhibited Angiotensin II induced A7r5 cell autophagy via Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 905:174184. [PMID: 34004211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential to vessel homeostasis and function in the cardiovascular system. Ligustilide (LIG) is one of the main active ingredients extracted from traditional Chinese medicines, such as Ligusticum chuanxiong, Angelica, and other umbelliferous plants, and reported to have cardiovascular protective effects. In this study, we explore the effects and the potential mechanism of ligustilide on the Ang II-induced autophagy in A7r5 cells. Our results showed that ligustilide inhibited the Ang II-induced autophagy in A7r5 cells and down regulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3, ULK1, and Beclin-1. Ligustilide exerted a protective effect on the reduction of the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ and upregulated the nitric oxide concentration in A7r5 cells with Ang II-induced autophagy. Additionally, the analyses of network pharmacological targets and potential signal pathways indicated that the target of ligustilide to regulate autophagy was related to the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, ligustilide could upregulate the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR and inhibit the expression of LC3II in A7r5 cells with Ang II-induced autophagy. These findings showed that ligustilide inhibited the autophagic flux in A7r5 cells induced by Ang II via the activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Zeng
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankun Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumiao He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqing He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Province Engineering and Technology Center for Molecular Probe and Bio-medicine Imaging, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Qiu X, Lin J, Liang B, Chen Y, Liu G, Zheng J. Identification of Hub Genes and MicroRNAs Associated With Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Integrated Bioinformatics Analyses. Front Genet 2021; 12:667406. [PMID: 33995494 PMCID: PMC8117102 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.636934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is the identification of hub genes associated with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Materials and Methods GSE15197 gene expression data was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by screening IPAH patients and controls. The 5,000 genes with the greatest variances were analyzed using a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Modules with the strongest correlation with IPAH were chosen, followed by a functional enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to identify hub gene candidates using calculated degrees. Real hub genes were found from the overlap of DEGs and candidate hub genes. microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting real hub genes were found by screening miRNet 2.0. The most important IPAH miRNAs were identified. Results There were 4,395 DEGs identified. WGCNA indicated that green and brown modules associated most strongly with IPAH. Functional enrichment analysis showed that green and brown module genes were mainly involved in protein digestion and absorption and proteoglycans in cancer, respectively. The top ten candidate hub genes in green and brown modules were identified, respectively. After overlapping with DEGs, 11 real hub genes were identified: EP300, MMP2, CDH2, CDK2, GNG10, ALB, SMC2, DHX15, CUL3, BTBD1, and LTN1. These genes were expressed with significant differences in IPAH versus controls, indicating a high diagnostic ability. The miRNA–gene network showed that hsa-mir-1-3p could associate with IPAH. Conclusion EP300, MMP2, CDH2, CDK2, GNG10, ALB, SMC2, DHX15, CUL3, BTBD1, and LTN1 may play essential roles in IPAH. Predicted miRNA hsa-mir-1-3p could regulate gene expression in IPAH. Such hub genes may contribute to the pathology and progression in IPAH, providing potential diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for IPAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jinyan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bixiao Liang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqun Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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13
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Jiang X, Zhao W, Zhu F, Wu H, Ding X, Bai J, Zhang X, Qian M. Ligustilide inhibits the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer via glycolytic metabolism. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115336. [PMID: 33212065 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The abnormal activation of glycolytic metabolism and PTEN/AKT signaling in NSCLC cells are highly correlated with their proliferation abilities and viability. Ligustilide is one of the major bioactive components of multiple Chinese traditional medicine including Angelica sinensis and Ligusticum. Ligustilide exposure inhibits the proliferation and viability of multiple cancer cell lines in vitro. However, the impact of ligustilide to the progression of NSCLC and its detailed pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. In this research, CCK-8 and colony formation assay were performed to demonstrate ligustilide treatment inhibited the viability and proliferation ability of NSCLC cells in vitro. Caspase-3/-7 activity assay and nucleosome ELISA assay were utilized to show ligustilide promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells. Metabolic analysis and qRT-PCR assay were used to demonstrated that ligustilide dampened aerobic glycolysis of NSCLC cells. Nude mice were exposed to 5 mg/kg ligustilide and ligustilide inhibited orthotopic NSCLC growth in vivo. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to substantiate the regulatory function of ligustilide to PTEN/AKT signaling in NSCLC cells. Overall, this study revealed that ligustilide regulated the proliferation, apoptosis and aerobic glycolysis of NSCLC cells through PTEN/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Jiang
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinmei Bai
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meifang Qian
- Wuxi Fifth People's Hospital, Wuxi 214016, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Mi R, Li X, Zhang Z, Cheng T, Tian S, Xu X, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Ye J, Liu L, Zhang X. Chemical profiling of Honghua Xiaoyao tablet and simultaneous determination of its quality markers by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics methods. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:4263-4280. [PMID: 32990401 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Discovering marker components of traditional Chinese medicine formulas is challenging because of the hundreds of components they inherently contain. This study first proposed a reliable and validated method for the comprehensive profiling of chemical constituents in Honghua Xiaoyao tablet by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. After searching within the in-house library, a total of 55 constituents were unambiguously characterized or tentatively identified through reference standards and by comparing mass spectrometry data with literature values. Quantitative analysis of 14 compounds, which were selected as the quality marker components based on a serum pharmacochemistry study, has been performed by triple-quardrupole mass spectrometry technique. Multiple chemometric methods, including principal components analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were subsequently used to analyze the quantitative results, classify samples from three manufacturers, and distinguish the analytical markers. In method validation results, 14 quality marker compounds have shown good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9965) with a relative wide concentration range and acceptable recovery at 98.39-102.46%. The proposed approach provides the chemical evidence for revealing the material basis of Honghua Xiaoyao tablet, and establishes a reliable statistical analysis-based strategy of quality marker investigation for controlling its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Saisai Tian
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xike Xu
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, P. R. China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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15
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Zhao C, Li S, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Zhao F, Du X, Hou J, Zhang T, Shi C, Wang P, Huo R, Woodman OL, Qin CX, Xu H, Huang L. Current state and future perspective of cardiovascular medicines derived from natural products. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107698. [PMID: 33039419 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of natural products (NPs) to cardiovascular medicine has been extensively documented, and many have been used for centuries. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past 40 years, approximately 50% of newly developed cardiovascular drugs were based on NPs, suggesting that NPs provide essential skeletal structures for the discovery of novel medicines. After a period of lower productivity since the 1990s, NPs have recently regained scientific and commercial attention, leveraging the wealth of knowledge provided by multi-omics, combinatorial biosynthesis, synthetic biology, integrative pharmacology, analytical and computational technologies. In addition, as a crucial part of complementary and alternative medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine has increasingly drawn attention as an important source of NPs for cardiovascular drug discovery. Given their structural diversity and biological activity NPs are one of the most valuable sources of drugs and drug leads. In this review, we briefly described the characteristics and classification of NPs in CVDs. Then, we provide an up to date summary on the therapeutic potential and the underlying mechanisms of action of NPs in CVDs, and the current view and future prospect of developing safer and more effective cardiovascular drugs based on NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Sen Li
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyun Huang
- Biology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States of America
| | - Luoqi Zhang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xia Du
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Jinli Hou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chenjing Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ruili Huo
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Owen L Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Cheng Xue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3800, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China; Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China.
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
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16
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Zhang R, Ha L, He R, Huang Y, Wang H, Zhao B. Effects of moxibustion or moxa smoke on serum lipids and carotid plaque stability in atherosclerotic mice. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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