1
|
Jia Y, Yuan B, Yang Y, Zheng C, Zhou Q. Flavor characteristics of peeled walnut kernels under two-steps roasting processes. Food Chem 2023; 423:136290. [PMID: 37178596 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the effects of roasting methods on the flavor profile of peeled walnut kernels (PWKs) remain unknown. The effects of hot air binding (HAHA), radio frequency (HARF), and microwave irradiation (HAMW) on PWK were evaluated using olfactory, sensory, and textural techniques. Solvent Assisted Flavor Evaporation-Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (SAFE-GC-O) identified 21 odor-active compounds with total concentrations of 229 μg/kg, 273 μg/kg and 499 μg/kg due to HAHA, HARF, and HAMW, respectively. HAMW exhibited the most prominent nutty taste, with the highest response among roasted milky sensors with the typical aroma of 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine. HARF had the highest values for chewiness (5.83 N·mm) and brittleness (0.68 mm); however, these attributes did not contribute to the flavor profile. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) model and VIP values showed 13 odor-active compounds were responsible for the sensory differences from different processes. The two-step treatment with HAMW improved the flavor quality of PWK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jia
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Binhong Yuan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Yini Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chang Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song Y, Hu Y, Li J, Wang L, Jing W, Zhang L, Dai Y, Jia S, Meng X, Zhang H. Site-Directed Mutation of Salicylate Decarboxylase Gene and Mechanism of Ginkgo Acid Decarboxylation. Protein J 2023; 42:1-13. [PMID: 36527585 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo seed is an important Chinese medicine and food resource in China, but the toxicity of ginkgo acid in it limits its application. Previous studies have found that salicylic acid decarboxylase (Sdc) has a decarboxylation degradation effect on ginkgo acid. In order to improve the decarboxylation ability of Sdc to Ginkgo acid, 11 residues of the Sdc around the substrate (salicylic acid) were determined as mutation targets according to the analysis of crystal structure of Sdc (PDB ID:6JQX), from Trichosporon moniliiforme WU-0401, and a total of 30 single point mutant enzymes and one compound mutant enzyme were obtained. With Ginkgo acid C15:1 as the substrate, it was found from activity assay that Sdc-Y64T and Sdc-P191A had higher decarboxylation activity, which increased by 105.18% and 116.74% compared with that of wild type Sdc, respectively. The optimal pH for Sdc Y64T and Sdc-P191A to decarboxylate Ginkgo acid C15:1 was 5.5, which is the same as the wild type Sdc. The optimal temperature of Sdc-P191A was 50 °C, which was consistent with that of the wild type Sdc, but the optimal temperature of the mutant Sdc-Y64T was 40 °C, which was 10 °C lower than that of wild type Sdc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanying Hu
- Jining University, Xingtan Road, New District, Qufu City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shiru Jia
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Huitu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Teda Campus, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 9 of 13th Street, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Zone TEDA, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo J, Wu Y, Guo F, Wang G. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses reveal stage- and tissue- specific flavonoid accumulation in Ginkgo biloba. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
4
|
Quercetin Impact in Pancreatic Cancer: An Overview on Its Therapeutic Effects. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4393266. [PMID: 34777687 PMCID: PMC8580629 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4393266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a lethal malignancy cancer, and its mortality rates have been increasing worldwide. Diagnosis of this cancer is complicated, as it does not often present symptoms, and most patients present an irremediable tumor having a 5-year survival rate after diagnosis. Regarding treatment, many concerns have also been raised, as most tumors are found at advanced stages. At present, anticancer compounds-rich foods have been utilized to control PC. Among such bioactive molecules, flavonoid compounds have shown excellent anticancer abilities, such as quercetin, which has been used as an adjunctive or alternative drug to PC treatment by inhibitory or stimulatory biological mechanisms including autophagy, apoptosis, cell growth reduction or inhibition, EMT, oxidative stress, and enhancing sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. The recognition that this natural product has beneficial effects on cancer treatment has boosted the researchers' interest towards more extensive studies to use herbal medicine for anticancer purposes. In addition, due to the expensive cost and high rate of side effects of anticancer drugs, attempts have been made to use quercetin but also other flavonoids for preventing and treating PC. Based on related studies, it has been found that the quercetin compound has significant effect on cancerous cell lines as well as animal models. Therefore, it can be used as a supplementary drug to treat a variety of cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer. This review is aimed at discussing the therapeutic effects of quercetin by targeting the molecular signaling pathway and identifying antigrowth, cell proliferation, antioxidative stress, EMT, induction of apoptotic, and autophagic features.
Collapse
|