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Fuentes CA, Öztop MH, Rojas-Rioseco M, Bravo M, Göksu AÖ, Manley M, Castillo RDP. Application of segmented analysis via multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares to 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify different sugar sources. Food Chem 2023; 428:136817. [PMID: 37459678 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The different types of sugar employed in the food industry exhibit chemical similarity and are mostly dominated by sucrose. Owing to the sugar origin of and differences in production, the presence of certain minor organic compounds differs. To differentiate between sugars based on their botanical source, geographical origin, or storage conditions, commercial brown sugars and sugar beet extracts were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy applying a segmented analysis by means of multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). Principal component analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis yielded excellent differentiation between sugars from different sources after the application of this preprocessing strategy; without loss of chemical information and with direct interpretation of the results. By applying a segmented analysis via MCR-ALS to 1H NMR sugar data, similar spectroscopic profiles could be differentiated. This improved the selectivity of 1H NMR spectroscopy for sugar source differentiation which can be useful for industrial sugar authentication purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Fuentes
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Laboratorio de Bioespectroscopia y Quimiometría (BioSpeQ), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Mecit Halil Öztop
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Macarena Rojas-Rioseco
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Laboratorio de Bioespectroscopia y Quimiometría (BioSpeQ), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Martín Bravo
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Laboratorio de Bioespectroscopia y Quimiometría (BioSpeQ), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Aylin Özgür Göksu
- Kayseri Sugar R&D Center, Kayseri Sugar Factory, Kayseri 38070, Turkey
| | - Marena Manley
- Deparment of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland (Stellenbosch) 7602, South Africa.
| | - Rosario Del P Castillo
- Departamento de Análisis Instrumental, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile; Laboratorio de Bioespectroscopia y Quimiometría (BioSpeQ), Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
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Thomatou AA, Mazarakioti EC, Zotos A, Kontogeorgos A, Patakas A, Ladavos A. Application of Stable Isotope Analysis for Detecting the Geographical Origin of the Greek Currants "Vostizza": A Preliminary Study. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081672. [PMID: 37107467 PMCID: PMC10137848 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a plethora of food products with geographical indications registered in the European Union without any study about their discrimination from other similar products. This is also the case for Greek currants. This paper aims to analyze if stable isotope analysis of C, N, and S could discriminate the Greek currants "Vositzza", registered as a product of Protected Designation of Origin, from two other currants registered as products of Protected Geographical Indication coming from neighboring areas. The first results show that the stable isotope ratio of sulfur is not detectable due to the very low sulfur content in the samples, and the analysis should be based on the stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen to discriminate these products. The mean value of δ15N (1.38‱) of PDO "Vostizza" currants is lower than that of currants grown outside the PDO zone (2.01‱), while the mean value of δ13C of PDO "Vostizza" currants is higher (-23.93‱) in comparison to that of currants grown outside the PDO zone (-24.83‱). Nevertheless, the results indicate that with only two isotopic ratios, discrimination could not be achieved, and further analysis is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Akrivi Thomatou
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Eleni C Mazarakioti
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Anastasios Zotos
- Department of Biosystems Science and Agricultural Engineering, University of Patras, 30200 Messolongi, Greece
| | - Achilleas Kontogeorgos
- Department of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Patakas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
| | - Athanasios Ladavos
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of Patras, 30100 Agrinio, Greece
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