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Colorectal cancer organoid models uncover oxaliplatin-resistant mechanisms at single cell resolution. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:1155-1167. [PMID: 36136268 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy is a standard treatment for advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, chemoresistance-induced resistance is an essential cause for mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mechanism of drug resistance in CRC. METHODS Here, we established two strains of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) selected from oxaliplatin-resistant and treatment-naïve CRC patients. To dissect the drug-resistant mechanisms, these CRC-PDOs were subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). RESULTS We found that the drug sensitivity test outcome from these organoids subjected to oxaliplatin and 5-FU exposure was consistent with the clinic readout. CRC-PDOs well recapitulated the morphology and histology of their parental biopsies based on HE and IHC staining of pathological biomarkers. The scRNA-Seq data filtered drug-resistant cell populations and related signaling pathways (e.g. oxidative phosphorylation and ATP metabolic process). The data also revealed several putative drug resistant-driven genes (STMN1, VEGFA and NDRG1) and transcription factors (E2F1, BRCA1, MYBL2, CDX2 and CDX1). CONCLUSION We generated an oxaliplatin-resistant CRC organoid model that was employed to provide potential therapeutic targets for treating CRC patients exhibiting oxaliplatin-resistance.
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Wang Z, Zhao S, Lin X, Chen G, Kang J, Ma Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Xiao X, He A, Xiang D. Application of Organoids in Carcinogenesis Modeling and Tumor Vaccination. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855996. [PMID: 35371988 PMCID: PMC8968694 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids well recapitulate organ-specific functions from their tissue of origin and remain fundamental aspects of organogenesis. Organoids are widely applied in biomedical research, drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. There are various cultivated organoid systems induced by adult stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, or directly derived from primary tissues. Researchers have drawn inspiration by combination of organoid technology and tissue engineering to produce organoids with more physiological relevance and suitable for translational medicine. This review describes the value of applying organoids for tumorigenesis modeling and tumor vaccination. We summarize the application of organoids in tumor precision medicine. Extant challenges that need to be conquered to make this technology be more feasible and precise are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, the Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhengzhou University, Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Kang
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yiming Wang
- Shanghai OneTar Biomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhengzhou University, Affiliated Cancer Hospital (Henan Cancer Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuying Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aina He
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yao J, Yang M, Atteh L, Liu P, Mao Y, Meng W, Li X. A pancreas tumor derived organoid study: from drug screen to precision medicine. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:398. [PMID: 34315500 PMCID: PMC8314636 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) one of the deadliest malignant tumor. Despite considerable progress in pancreatic cancer treatment in the past 10 years, PDAC mortality has shown no appreciable change, and systemic therapies for PDAC generally lack efficacy. Thus, developing biomarkers for treatment guidance is urgently required. This review focuses on pancreatic tumor organoids (PTOs), which can mimic the characteristics of the original tumor in vitro. As a powerful tool with several applications, PTOs represent a new strategy for targeted therapy in pancreatic cancer and contribute to the advancement of the field of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biological Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Transformation of Gansu Province, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Man Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lawrence Atteh
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Pinyan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yongcui Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
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Bone marrow-derived macrophages converted into cancer-associated fibroblast-like cells promote pancreatic cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2021; 512:15-27. [PMID: 33961925 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a desmoplastic reaction caused by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which provokes treatment resistance. CAFs are newly proposed to be heterogeneous populations with different functions within the PDAC microenvironment. The most direct sources of CAFs are resident tissue fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells, however, the origins and functions of CAF subtypes remain unclear. Here, we established allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation models using spontaneous PDAC mice, and then investigated what subtype cells derived from BM modulate the tumor microenvironment and affect the behavior of pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). BM-derived multilineage hematopoietic cells were engrafted in recipient pancreas, and accumulated at the invasive front and central lesion of PDAC. We identified BM macrophages-derived CAFs in tumors. BM-derived macrophages treated with PCC-conditioned media expressed CAF markers. BM-derived macrophages led the local invasion of PCCs in vitro and enhanced the tumor invasive growth in vivo. Our data suggest that BM-derived cells are recruited to the pancreas during carcinogenesis and that the specific subpopulation of BM-derived macrophages partially converted into CAF-like cells, acted as leading cells, and facilitated pancreatic cancer progression. The control of the conversion of BM-derived macrophages into CAF-like cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy to suppress tumor growth.
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Rezanejad H, Lock JH, Sullivan BA, Bonner-Weir S. Generation of Pancreatic Ductal Organoids and Whole-Mount Immunostaining of Intact Organoids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 83:e82. [PMID: 30548444 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, studies of cells and tissues have been performed on isolated primary cells or immortalized cell lines by culturing them in 2D culture dishes or flasks. However, a caveat regarding 2D culture is that the cells poorly recapitulate their in vivo counterparts, mainly due to a lack of 3D cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. In recent years, the development of in vitro organoids as 3D culture has gained substantial attention as a model to study different tissues. In adults, pancreatic ductal cells are considered as a source of stem or progenitor cells, so developing new methods to study ductal cells would be useful. Here, we provide a protocol to isolate mouse pancreatic ductal cells and a cost-effective protocol to generate 3D organoid structures from such ductal cells. Additionally, we have devised a protocol for immunostaining of intact whole organoids without sectioning. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Rezanejad
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer Hollister Lock
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brooke A Sullivan
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Use of Organoids Technology on Study of Liver Malignancy. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_126_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study on liver cancer has been performed in clinical medicine and medical science for a long time. Within the few recent years, there are many new emerging biomedical technologies that help better assess on the liver cancer. Of several new technologies, the advanced cell technologies for the assessment of liver cancer, organoids technology is very interesting. In fact, the organoids is an advanced cell research technique that can be useful for studying of many medical disorders. Organoids can be applied for study on the pathophysiology of many cancers. The application for studying on liver cancer is very interesting issue in hepatology. In this short article, the author summarizes and discusses on applied organoids technology for studying on various kinds of liver cancers. The application can be seen on primary hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, hepatoblastoma, as well as other rare liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beuy Joob
- Sanitation 1 Medical Academic Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkit
- Department of Biological Science, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
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Pan Y, Zhao S, Cao Z. Organoid models of gastrointestinal Neoplasms: Origin, current status and future applications in personalized medicine. Genes Dis 2018; 5:323-330. [PMID: 30591933 PMCID: PMC6303680 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro organoid model is a major technological breakthrough that has been established as an important tool in many basic biological and clinical applications. This near-physiological 3D culture system accurately models various biological processes, including tissue renewal, stem cell/niche functions and tissue responses to drugs, mutations or damage. Organoids have the potential value of being an accurate model for disease predictions or drug screening applications and to identify the ideal treatment for that patient. Carcinogenesis can be modeled by mutating specific cancer genes in wild-type organoids; and patient-derived organoids provide an important resource in the development of personalized cancer treatment. Organoids from cancer patients could be used to identify the ideal treatment for a specific patient by growing matched healthy and diseased organoids from human cancer patients which additionally enables clinical screens for drug combinations. Organoids could also provide autologous cells or-in the future-tissue for transplantation. In this review, we discuss the current advances, challenges and potential applications of this technique in gastrointestinal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shuliang Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Koikawa K, Ohuchida K, Ando Y, Kibe S, Nakayama H, Takesue S, Endo S, Abe T, Okumura T, Iwamoto C, Moriyama T, Nakata K, Miyasaka Y, Ohtsuka T, Nagai E, Mizumoto K, Hashizume M, Nakamura M. Basement membrane destruction by pancreatic stellate cells leads to local invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Organoids have extensive applications in many fields ranging from modelling human development and disease, personalised medicine, drug screening, etc. Moreover, in the last few years, several studies have evaluated the capacity of organoids as transplantation sources for therapeutic approaches and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, depending on the origin of the cells and anatomical complications, an organoid transplant may make tissue regeneration difficult. However, some essential aspects of organoids including the morphological alterations and the growth pattern of the matched tumour and their healthy derived organoids have received less attention. Therefore, the current work focused on culturing matched healthy and tumour organoids from the same patient with colorectal cancer (CRC) and assessed their timed growth and structural differences on a daily basis. The healthy organoids underwent proliferation and branching morphogenesis, while the tumour organoids did not follow the same pattern, and the majority of them developed cystic structures instead. However, the number and size of tumour organoids were different from one patient to another. The differential morphological changes of the healthy versus human colonic tumour organoids likely linked to distinct molecular and cellular events during each day. Thus, while their specific structural features provide valuable in vitro models to study various aspects of human intestinal/colon tissue homeostasis and CRC which avoid or replace the use of animals in research, this model may also hold a great promise for the transplantation and regenerative medicine applications.
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