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Psychological impact of hypnosis for pregnancy and childbirth: A systematic review. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 50:101713. [PMID: 36509031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of hypnosis as a complementary therapy in the perinatal field is expanding, however, there is little research for its impact on perinatal mental health. Here, we review studies that evaluate the effect of hypnosis on women's mental health and subjective experiences. METHODS A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA protocol for articles with experimental designs of hypnosis that measured their impact on several psychological variables, such as the presence of symptoms of anxiety, depression or fear of childbirth. Studies were evaluated according to the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Checklists (CASP), and analyzed for their designs and intervention themes. RESULTS Seven studies were included and six themes emerged: preparation for birth and unexpected events; change in the perception and experience of pain; pregnant body as a natural process; connection with the baby during pregnancy; development of inner resources; and progressive relaxation and guided imagery. Although results were partly mitigated, most studies found positive effects of hypnosis in alleviating anxiety, depression, and fear towards birth, empowering women with a higher sense of confidence and improving the overall emotional experience. Two studies also indicate encouraging outcomes in postnatal wellbeing. CONCLUSION While it is still argued as to what extent hypnosis has positive effects on physical aspects of labor, the empowerment and the increase in confidence associated with hypnosis seem to bring a significant contribution to a more positive subjective experience of pregnancy and childbirth, and on women's overall wellbeing in the perinatal period.
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Carvello M, Lupo R, Muro M, Grilli G, Ogorzalek K, Rubbi I, Artioli G. Nurse's knowledge and perceptions on communicative hypnosis: an observational study. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021027. [PMID: 34328143 PMCID: PMC8383218 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92is2.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim of the study. Much evidence shows that hypnotic communication can have a pain-relieving effect and reduce complications such as anxiety, insomnia and depression. Whenever this technique was applied, the use of pharmaceuticals was reduced, there were fewer side effects, shorter hospitalization times frames and lower treatment costs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and perceptions of nurses about hypnotic communication and the causes for which this technique is not frequently used. A secondary objective pointed to measuring the effectiveness of an educational event on hypnosis. Method. The evaluation was done by directly administering an anonymous and voluntary survey created ad hoc, in a pre-test and post-test modality, to nurses subscribed to a four-hour formative event on hypnotic communication organized in 2019 by the Nursing Order, Province of Ravenna. Results. 78 nurses (85.7%) participated in the study. The analysis of the pre-test results shows a gap of knowledge regarding hypnotic communication. The variation of answers between the pre-test and post-test (T-Student) has shown a radical difference in knowledge (95%-100% correct answers). The main causes were found regarding the lack of use for hypnotic communication: stereotypes and prejudices related to this technique and insufficient university education. Conclusions. The implementation of this technique, effective and efficient under various aspects, requires a preliminary creation of culture regarding this theme, capable of surpassing the stereotypes and resistances brought by a lack of theoretical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Lupo
- Hospital "San Giuseppe da Copertino", ASL (Local Health Authority) (Le), Italy.
| | - Milena Muro
- 1) Nurse at "Città della Salute e della Scienza" Hospital, Torino, Italy; 2) President of A.S.I.E.C.I, Italian Scientific Association of Experienced Nurses in Hypnotic Communication.
| | - Gloria Grilli
- Nurse at Villa Montefeltro Hospital, Sassocorvaro, Italy.
| | - Kody Ogorzalek
- Student in Foreign languages, cultures and literatures, Salento University .
| | - Ivan Rubbi
- School of Nursing, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Traverzim MA, Sobral APT, Fernandes KPS, de Fátima Teixeira Silva D, Pavani C, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT, Gomes AO, Bussadori SK, Motta LJ. The Effect of Photobiomodulation on Analgesia During Childbirth: A Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2021; 39:265-271. [PMID: 33760671 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pain during labor can be a barrier when choosing vaginal delivery. In an attempt to relief pain during labor, several pharmacological and nonpharmacological methods are proposed. Objective: To assess the effect of light-emitting diode (LED) photobiomodulation on analgesia during labor. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted with 29 women who were divided into two groups: G1 (experimental group-LED) and G2 (control group-hot shower). In the experimental group, an LED plate with red and infrared merged [red 660 ± 20 nm, 5 mW/cm2, 3 J per LED (108 J) and infrared 850 ± 20 nm, 5 mW/cm2, 3 J per LED (108 J), total energy = 216 J] was placed on the subjects' dorsal region, at the level of T10 to S4, for 10 min, with the plate automatically turning off. Hot shower at controlled temperature was offered for 30 min. To verify the effect of LED on analgesia during labor, the following variables were assessed: (1) perception of pain, (2) fetal well-being assessed by cardiotocography or intermittent auscultation of fetal heart rate, (3) Apgar score at minutes 1 and 5 after birth, and (4) labor duration. Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in pain reduction evidenced by a millimetric visual scale, before and after application on G1-LED (7.92 ± 1.78). Regarding the other variables, there was no statistical difference between the groups when comparing fetal well-being, Apgar score and labor duration. Conclusions: It is concluded that LED can be considered an alternative, since it caused pain reduction without changing other parameters during labor, compared with hot shower, a method included in hospital protocols, proving to be safe. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT03496857.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christiane Pavani
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, and University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Andréa Oliver Gomes
- Post Graduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, and University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, and University Nove de Julho, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Pain perception and preferences for pain management are unique to each woman in labor. This article provides an overview of the physiology of labor pain, discusses available nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches to managing pain during active labor, and discusses potential benefits and risks for each option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Farnham
- Tammy Farnham is an instructor at The College at Brockport in Brockport, N.Y
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Catsaros S, Wendland J. Hypnosis-based interventions during pregnancy and childbirth and their impact on women's childbirth experience: A systematic review. Midwifery 2020; 84:102666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Boateng EA, Kumi LO, Diji AKA. Nurses and midwives' experiences of using non-pharmacological interventions for labour pain management: a qualitative study in Ghana. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:168. [PMID: 31088408 PMCID: PMC6518741 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-pharmacological interventions hold promise in reducing labour pain, with minimal or no harm to the mother, foetus and the progress of labour and are simple and cost-effective. Yet their use has not been adequately explored in clinical settings, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS This was a descriptive phenomenological study. Fifteen (15) nurses and midwives working in labour wards of two hospitals in Ghana were interviewed. Data analysis was guided by the principles of coding by Bailey and the constant comparative approach to generate themes. Ethics approval was obtained from the 37 Military Teaching Hospital Institutional Review Board in Ghana. RESULTS Three major themes were identified that described the experiences of nurses and midwives regarding their use of non-pharmacological interventions in managing labour pain. These were familiarity with non-pharmacological interventions, perceived benefits of non-pharmacological interventions, and barriers to the use of non-pharmacological interventions in the management of labour pain. CONCLUSIONS While some non-pharmacological pain management interventions were known and used by the nurses and midwives, they were not familiar with a good number of these interventions. Nurses and midwives perceived these interventions to be beneficial yet a number of barriers prevented easy utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Appiah Boateng
- Department of Nursing, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Thomson L. The Evolution of Hypnosis in the Profession of Nursing: We've Come a Long Way, Baby, and Still Have a Long Way to Go. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS 2019; 61:370-393. [PMID: 31017544 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2018.1500879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Registered nurses (RNs) are the largest, most diverse, and most respected of all healthcare professions in the United States, numbering over 3.5 million (Gallup poll, 2017). Nurses have evolved from being the handmaidens of physicians and bedpan handlers to highly trained and educated clinicians who have assumed an important, integral, and indispensable role in the healthcare system. The capabilities of nurses to expand the excellent care they can provide has historically been thwarted by others in the healthcare field, including in the area of hypnosis. This article begins with a historical perspective on the education, training, and ever-expanding profession of nursing. The multiplicity of settings where nurses have the opportunity to incorporate clinical hypnosis into the care of their patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Thomson
- Springfield Medical Care Systems, Springfield, Vermont, USA
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Steel A, Frawley J, Sibbritt D, Broom A, Adams J. The characteristics of women who use hypnotherapy for intrapartum pain management: Preliminary insights from a nationally-representative sample of Australian women. Complement Ther Med 2016; 25:67-70. [PMID: 27062951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This manuscript presents a preliminary examination of the characteristics of women who choose intrapartum hypnosis for pain management. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of 2445 women (31-36 years) from a sub-study of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH), employing Fisher exact tests. SETTING Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use of intrapartum hypnosis, or hypnobirthing, for pain management during labour and birth. RESULTS Women using hypnobirthing were more likely to have consulted with an acupuncturist or naturopath, or attended yoga/meditation classes during pregnancy (p<0.0001). Use of CM products such as herbal medicines, aromatherapy oils, homoeopathy, herbal teas or flower essences (p<0.001) was also more common amongst these women. Women choosing hypnotherapy for intrapartum pain management less commonly identified as feeling safer knowing that an obstetrician is providing their care (p<0.001), and were more likely to labour in a birth centre or in a community centre (i.e. at home). CONCLUSIONS This analysis provides preliminary analysis into an as yet unexamined topic in contemporary maternity health service utilisation. The findings from this analysis may be useful for maternity health professionals and policy makers when responding to the needs of women choosing to use hypnotherapy for intrapartum pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steel
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, Level 2, 269 Wickham St, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - J Frawley
- Endeavour College of Natural Health, Level 2, 269 Wickham St, Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006, Australia; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - D Sibbritt
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - A Broom
- School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Adams
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2006, Australia
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