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Bhanot V, Panwar J. Unveiling the potential of Lichtheimia ramosa AJP11 for myco-transformation of polystyrene sulfonate and its driving molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116579. [PMID: 36302301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution is a major environmental concern due to its deleterious effects on various ecosystems. The limitations and shortcomings of waste management strategies has led to the over-accumulation of plastic waste, mainly comprised of single-use plastics, such as polystyrene (PS). Considering the advantages of biotransformation over the other plastic disposal methods, it has become a major focus of the modern research. Biotransformation of plastics involves its microbial hydrolysis into short chain oligomers and monomers that are eventually assimilated as carbon source by the microbes leading to the release of CO2. As fungi are known to possess multifarious and highly regulated enzyme system capable of utilizing diverse nutrient sources, the present study explored the potential of Lichtheimia ramosa AJP11 towards myco-transformation of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), a structural analogue of polystyrene (PS). During the 30-day incubation period of L. ramosa AJP11 in minimal salt medium (MSM)+1% PSS, the fungus showed 41.6% increment in its fresh weight biomass, indicating the utilization of PSS as sole carbon source. Further analysis revealed the generation of various reaction intermediates such as alkanes and fatty acids, crucial for the continuum of fungal metabolic pathways. Moreover, detection of PS oligomers such as cyclohexane and 2,4-DTBP confirmed the myco-transformation of PSS. The extracellular fungal protein profile showed considerable overexpression of a 14.4 kDa protein, characterized to be a hydrophobic surface binding (Hsb) protein, which is hypothesized to adsorb onto the PSS to facilitate its transformation. Further, in silico analysis of Hsb protein indicated it to be an amphiphilic α-helical protein with ability to bind styrene sulfonate unit via both hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions, with a binding energy of -5.02 kcal mol-1. These findings open new avenues for over expression of Hsb under controlled reactor conditions to accelerate the PS waste disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishalakshi Bhanot
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India.
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Aspergillus Hydrophobins: Physicochemical Properties, Biochemical Properties, and Functions in Solid Polymer Degradation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081498. [PMID: 35893556 PMCID: PMC9394342 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobins are small amphipathic proteins conserved in filamentous fungi. In this review, the properties and functions of Aspergillus hydrophobins are comprehensively discussed on the basis of recent findings. Multiple Aspergillus hydrophobins have been identified and categorized in conventional class I and two non-conventional classes. Some Aspergillus hydrophobins can be purified in a water phase without organic solvents. Class I hydrophobins of Aspergilli self-assemble to form amphipathic membranes. At the air–liquid interface, RolA of Aspergillus oryzae self-assembles via four stages, and its self-assembled films consist of two layers, a rodlet membrane facing air and rod-like structures facing liquid. The self-assembly depends mainly on hydrophobin conformation and solution pH. Cys4–Cys5 and Cys7–Cys8 loops, disulfide bonds, and conserved Cys residues of RodA-like hydrophobins are necessary for self-assembly at the interface and for adsorption to solid surfaces. AfRodA helps Aspergillus fumigatus to evade recognition by the host immune system. RodA-like hydrophobins recruit cutinases to promote the hydrolysis of aliphatic polyesters. This mechanism appears to be conserved in Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi, and may be beneficial for their growth. Aspergilli produce various small secreted proteins (SSPs) including hydrophobins, hydrophobic surface–binding proteins, and effector proteins. Aspergilli may use a wide variety of SSPs to decompose solid polymers.
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Valette N, Renou J, Boutilliat A, Fernández-González AJ, Gautier V, Silar P, Guyeux C, Charr JC, Cuenot S, Rose C, Gelhaye E, Morel-Rouhier M. OSIP1 is a self-assembling DUF3129 protein required to protect fungal cells from toxins and stressors. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:1594-1607. [PMID: 33393164 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Secreted proteins are key players in fungal physiology and cell protection against external stressing agents and antifungals. Oak stress-induced protein 1 (OSIP1) is a fungal-specific protein with unknown function. By using Podospora anserina and Phanerochaete chrysosporium as models, we combined both in vivo functional approaches and biophysical characterization of OSIP1 recombinant protein. The P. anserina OSIP1Δ mutant showed an increased sensitivity to the antifungal caspofungin compared to the wild type. This correlated with the production of a weakened extracellular exopolysaccharide/protein matrix (ECM). Since the recombinant OSIP1 from P. chrysosporium self-assembled as fibers and was capable of gelation, it is likely that OSIP1 is linked to ECM formation that acts as a physical barrier preventing drug toxicity. Moreover, compared to the wild type, the OSIP1Δ mutant was more sensitive to oak extractives including chaotropic phenols and benzenes. It exhibited a strongly modified secretome pattern and an increased production of proteins associated to the cell-wall integrity signalling pathway, when grown on oak sawdust. This demonstrates that OSIP1 has also an important role in fungal resistance to extractive-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Valette
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes (IAM), UMR 1136, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Julien Renou
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes (IAM), UMR 1136, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Alexis Boutilliat
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes (IAM), UMR 1136, Nancy, 54000, France
| | | | - Valérie Gautier
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Paris, 75205, France
| | - Philippe Silar
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED), Paris, 75205, France
| | - Christophe Guyeux
- Computer Science Department, FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon, 25030, France
| | - Jean-Claude Charr
- Computer Science Department, FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR 6174 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, Besançon, 25030, France
| | - Stéphane Cuenot
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, Nantes Cedex 3, 44322, France
| | - Christophe Rose
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes (IAM), UMR 1136, Nancy, 54000, France
| | - Mélanie Morel-Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes (IAM), UMR 1136, Nancy, 54000, France
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Feldman D, Yarden O, Hadar Y. Seeking the Roles for Fungal Small-Secreted Proteins in Affecting Saprophytic Lifestyles. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:455. [PMID: 32265881 PMCID: PMC7105643 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small secreted proteins (SSPs) comprise 40–60% of the total fungal secretome and are present in fungi of all phylogenetic groups, representing the entire spectrum of lifestyles. They are characteristically shorter than 300 amino acids in length and have a signal peptide. The majority of SSPs are coded by orphan genes, which lack known domains or similarities to known protein sequences. Effectors are a group of SSPs that have been investigated extensively in fungi that interact with living hosts, either pathogens or mutualistic systems. They are involved in suppressing the host defense response and altering its physiology. Here, we aim to delineate some of the potential roles of SSPs in saprotrophic fungi, that have been bioinformatically predicted as effectors, and termed in this mini-review as “effector-like” proteins. The effector-like Ssp1 from the white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus is presented as a case study, and its potential role in regulating the ligninolytic system, secondary metabolism, development, and fruiting body initiation are discussed. We propose that deciphering the nature of effector-like SSPs will contribute to our understanding of development and communication in saprophytic fungi, as well as help, to elucidate the origin, regulation, and mechanisms of fungal-host, fungal-fungal, and fungal-bacterial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Feldman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The R.H. Smith Faculty Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The R.H. Smith Faculty Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The R.H. Smith Faculty Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Casarrubia S, Martino E, Daghino S, Kohler A, Morin E, Khouja HR, Murat C, Barry KW, Lindquist EA, Martin FM, Perotto S. Modulation of Plant and Fungal Gene Expression Upon Cd Exposure and Symbiosis in Ericoid Mycorrhizal Vaccinium myrtillus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:341. [PMID: 32210940 PMCID: PMC7075258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of Ericaceae in stressful habitats enriched in heavy metals has been ascribed to the distinctive abilities of their mycorrhizal fungal partners to withstand heavy metal stress and to enhance metal tolerance in the host plant. Whereas heavy metal tolerance has been extensively investigated in some ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that extend tolerance to the host plant are currently unknown. Here, we show a reduced Cd content in Cd-exposed mycorrhizal roots of Vaccinium myrtillus colonized by a metal tolerant isolate of the fungus Oidiodendron maius as compared to non-mycorrhizal roots. To better understand this phenotype, we applied Next Generation Sequencing technologies to analyze gene expression in V. myrtillus and O. maius Zn grown under normal and Cd-stressed conditions, in the free living and in the mycorrhizal status. The results clearly showed that Cd had a stronger impact on plant gene expression than symbiosis, whereas fungal gene expression was mainly regulated by symbiosis. The higher abundance of transcripts coding for stress related proteins in non-mycorrhizal roots may be related to the higher Cd content. Regulated plant metal transporters have been identified that may play a role in reducing Cd content in mycorrhizal roots exposed to this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Casarrubia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Stefania Daghino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Morin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Claude Murat
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Kerrie W. Barry
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Erika A. Lindquist
- U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Francis M. Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est Nancy, Champenoux, France
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Fernández-González AJ, Valette N, Kohler A, Dumarçay S, Sormani R, Gelhaye E, Morel-Rouhier M. Oak extractive-induced stress reveals the involvement of new enzymes in the early detoxification response of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:3890-3901. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio José Fernández-González
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Valette
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Stéphane Dumarçay
- Université de Lorraine; EA4370 USC INRA 1445 Laboratoire d'Etudes et de Recherches sur le Matériau Bois; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Rodnay Sormani
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
| | - Mélanie Morel-Rouhier
- Université de Lorraine, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
- INRA, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes"; Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex France
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Casarrubia S, Daghino S, Kohler A, Morin E, Khouja HR, Daguerre Y, Veneault-Fourrey C, Martin FM, Perotto S, Martino E. The Hydrophobin-Like OmSSP1 May Be an Effector in the Ericoid Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:546. [PMID: 29765384 PMCID: PMC5938622 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutualistic and pathogenic plant-colonizing fungi use effector molecules to manipulate the host cell metabolism to allow plant tissue invasion. Some small secreted proteins (SSPs) have been identified as fungal effectors in both ectomycorrhizal and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, but it is currently unknown whether SSPs also play a role as effectors in other mycorrhizal associations. Ericoid mycorrhiza is a specific endomycorrhizal type that involves symbiotic fungi mostly belonging to the Leotiomycetes (Ascomycetes) and plants in the family Ericaceae. Genomic and RNASeq data from the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus Oidiodendron maius led to the identification of several symbiosis-upregulated genes encoding putative SSPs. OmSSP1, the most highly symbiosis up-regulated SSP, was found to share some features with fungal hydrophobins, even though it lacks the Pfam hydrophobin domain. Sequence alignment with other hydrophobins and hydrophobin-like fungal proteins placed OmSSP1 within Class I hydrophobins. However, the predicted features of OmSSP1 may suggest a distinct type of hydrophobin-like proteins. The presence of a predicted signal peptide and a yeast-based signal sequence trap assay demonstrate that OmSSP1 is secreted. OmSSP1 null-mutants showed a reduced capacity to form ericoid mycorrhiza with Vaccinium myrtillus roots, suggesting a role as effectors in the ericoid mycorrhizal interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Casarrubia
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefania Daghino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Annegret Kohler
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Emmanuelle Morin
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | | | - Yohann Daguerre
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Claire Veneault-Fourrey
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
- Université de Lorraine, UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Francis M. Martin
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), UMR 1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Excellence ARBRE, Centre INRA-Lorraine, Champenoux, France
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Comparative systems analysis of the secretome of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6617. [PMID: 29700415 PMCID: PMC5919931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus and multiple other Aspergillus species cause a wide range of lung infections, collectively termed aspergillosis. Aspergilli are ubiquitous in environment with healthy immune systems routinely eliminating inhaled conidia, however, Aspergilli can become an opportunistic pathogen in immune-compromised patients. The aspergillosis mortality rate and emergence of drug-resistance reveals an urgent need to identify novel targets. Secreted and cell membrane proteins play a critical role in fungal-host interactions and pathogenesis. Using a computational pipeline integrating data from high-throughput experiments and bioinformatic predictions, we have identified secreted and cell membrane proteins in ten Aspergillus species known to cause aspergillosis. Small secreted and effector-like proteins similar to agents of fungal-plant pathogenesis were also identified within each secretome. A comparison with humans revealed that at least 70% of Aspergillus secretomes have no sequence similarity with the human proteome. An analysis of antigenic qualities of Aspergillus proteins revealed that the secretome is significantly more antigenic than cell membrane proteins or the complete proteome. Finally, overlaying an expression dataset, four A. fumigatus proteins upregulated during infection and with available structures, were found to be structurally similar to known drug target proteins in other organisms, and were able to dock in silico with the respective drug.
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Feldman D, Kowbel DJ, Glass NL, Yarden O, Hadar Y. A role for small secreted proteins (SSPs) in a saprophytic fungal lifestyle: Ligninolytic enzyme regulation in Pleurotus ostreatus. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14553. [PMID: 29109463 PMCID: PMC5674062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small secreted proteins (SSPs), along with lignocellulose degrading enzymes, are integral components of the secretome of Pleurotus ostreatus, a white rot fungus. In this study, we identified 3 genes (ssp1, 2 and 3) encoding proteins that are annotated as SSPs and that exhibited of ~4,500- fold expression, 24 hr following exposure to the toxic compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Homologues to genes encoding these SSPs are present in the genomes of other basidiomycete fungi, however the role of SSPs is not yet understood. SSPs, aryl-alcohol oxidases (AAO) and the intracellular aryl-alcohol dehydrogenases (AAD) were also produced after exposure to other aryl-alcohols, known substrates and inducers of AAOs, and during idiophase (after the onset of secondary metabolism). A knockdown strain of ssp1 exhibited reduced production of AAO-and AAD-encoding genes after HMF exposure. Conversely, a strain overexpressing ssp1 exhibited elevated expression of genes encoding AAOs and ADD, resulting in a 3-fold increase in enzymatic activity of AAOs, as well as increased expression and protein abundance of versatile peroxidase 1, which directly degrades lignin. We propose that in addition to symbionts and pathogens, SSPs also have roles in saprophytes and function in P. ostreatus as components of the ligninolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Feldman
- The R.H. Smith Faculty Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - David J Kowbel
- University of California at Berkeley UC Berkeley, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - N Louise Glass
- University of California at Berkeley UC Berkeley, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Oded Yarden
- The R.H. Smith Faculty Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Hadar
- The R.H. Smith Faculty Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Valette N, Benoit-Gelber I, Falco MD, Wiebenga A, de Vries RP, Gelhaye E, Morel-Rouhier M. Secretion of small proteins is species-specific within Aspergillus sp. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 10:323-329. [PMID: 27153937 PMCID: PMC5328806 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small secreted proteins (SSP) have been defined as proteins containing a signal peptide and a sequence of less than 300 amino acids. In this analysis, we have compared the secretion pattern of SSPs among eight aspergilli species in the context of plant biomass degradation and have highlighted putative interesting candidates that could be involved in the degradative process or in the strategies developed by fungi to resist the associated stress that could be due to the toxicity of some aromatic compounds or reactive oxygen species released during degradation. Among these candidates, for example, some stress‐related superoxide dismutases or some hydrophobic surface binding proteins (HsbA) are specifically secreted according to the species . Since these latter proteins are able to recruit lytic enzymes to the surface of hydrophobic solid materials and promote their degradation, a synergistic action of HsbA with the degradative system may be considered and need further investigations. These SSPs could have great applications in biotechnology by optimizing the efficiency of the enzymatic systems for biomass degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Valette
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP 70239, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, F-54506, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP 70239, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, F-54506, France
| | - Isabelle Benoit-Gelber
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Marcos Di Falco
- Center for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ad Wiebenga
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CT, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Gelhaye
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP 70239, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, F-54506, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP 70239, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, F-54506, France
| | - Mélanie Morel-Rouhier
- Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP 70239, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, F-54506, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Technologies BP 70239, UMR1136 INRA-Université de Lorraine "Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes", INRA, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, F-54506, France
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