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Liang X, Dai N, Sheng K, Lu H, Wang J, Chen L, Wang Y. Gut bacterial extracellular vesicles: important players in regulating intestinal microenvironment. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2134689. [PMID: 36242585 PMCID: PMC9578468 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2134689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microenvironment dysbiosis is one of the major causes of diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer. Microbiota-based strategies have excellent clinical potential in the treatment of repetitive and refractory diseases; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Identification of the internal regulatory mechanism of the gut microbiome and the interaction mechanisms involving bacteria-host is essential to achieve precise control of the gut microbiome and obtain effective clinical data. Gut bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles (GBEVs) are lipid bilayer nanoparticles secreted by the gut microbiota and are considered key players in bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host communication. This review focusses on the role of GBEVs in gut microbiota interactions and bacteria-host communication, and the potential clinical applications of GBEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Nini Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Kangliang Sheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Anhui University, Hefei, China,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China,CONTACT Yongzhong Wang School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Liu Y, Tempelaars MH, Boeren S, Alexeeva S, Smid EJ, Abee T. Extracellular vesicle formation in Lactococcus lactis is stimulated by prophage-encoded holin-lysin system. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:1281-1295. [PMID: 35229476 PMCID: PMC8966010 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacterial extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) have been drawing more attention in recent years. However, mechanistic insights are still lacking on how EVs are released through the cell walls in Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we characterized underlying mechanisms of EV production and provide evidence for a role of prophage activation in EV release using the Gram-positive bacterium Lactococcus lactis as a model. By applying a standard EV isolation procedure, we observed the presence of EVs in the culture supernatant of a lysogenic L. lactis strain FM-YL11, for which the prophage-inducing condition led to an over 10-fold increase in EV production in comparison with the non-inducing condition. In contrast, the prophage-encoded holin-lysin knockout mutant YL11ΔHLH and the prophage-cured mutant FM-YL12 produced constantly low levels of EVs. Under the prophage-inducing condition, FM-YL11 did not show massive cell lysis. Defective phage particles were found to be released in and associated with holin-lysin-induced EVs from FM-YL11, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopic images, flow cytometry and proteomics analysis. Findings from this study further generalized the EV-producing phenotype to Gram-positive L. lactis, and provide additional insights into the EV production mechanism involving prophage-encoded holin-lysin system. The knowledge on bacterial EV production can be applied to all Gram-positive bacteria and other lactic acid bacteria with important roles in fermentations and probiotic formulations, to enable desired release and delivery of cellular components with nutritional values or probiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H Tempelaars
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjef Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Svetlana Alexeeva
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Eddy J Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, Wageningen, 6700 AA, the Netherlands
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Hu R, Liu H, Wang M, Li J, Lin H, Liang M, Gao Y, Yang M. An OMV-Based Nanovaccine Confers Safety and Protection against Pathogenic Escherichia coli via Both Humoral and Predominantly Th1 Immune Responses in Poultry. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112293. [PMID: 33233490 PMCID: PMC7699605 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infection in poultry causes enormous economic losses and public health risks. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and nano-sized proteolipids enriched with various immunogenic molecules have gained extensive interest as novel nanovaccines against bacterial infections. In this study, after the preparation of APEC O2-derived OMVs (APEC_OMVs) using the ultracentrifugation method and characterization of them using electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyses, we examined the safety and vaccination effect of APEC_OMVs in broiler chicks and investigated the underlying immunological mechanism of protection. The results showed that APEC_OMVs had membrane-enclosed structures with an average diameter of 89 nm. Vaccination with 50 μg of APEC_OMVs had no side effects and efficiently protected chicks against homologous infection. APEC_OMVs could be effectively taken up by chicken macrophages and activated innate immune responses in macrophages in vitro. APEC_OMV vaccination significantly improved activities of serum non-specific immune factors, enhanced the specific antibody response and promoted the proliferation of splenic and peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to mitogen. Furthermore, APEC_OMVs also elicited a predominantly IFN-γ-mediated Th1 response in splenic lymphocytes. Our data revealed the involvement of both non-specific immune responses and specific antibody and cytokine responses in the APEC_OMV-mediated protection, providing broader knowledge for the development of multivalent APEC_OMV-based nanovaccine with high safety and efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujiu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Haojing Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mimi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Animal Engineering, Yangling Vocational and Technical College, No.24 Weihui Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
| | - Hua Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingyue Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mingming Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No.22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; (R.H.); (H.L.); (M.W.); (H.L.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.G.); (M.Y.)
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Nelson BC, Maragh S, Ghiran IC, Jones JC, DeRose PC, Elsheikh E, Vreeland WN, Wang L. Measurement and standardization challenges for extracellular vesicle therapeutic delivery vectors. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:2149-2170. [PMID: 32885720 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes and microvesicles, are nonreplicating lipid bilayer particles shed by most cell types which have the potential to revolutionize the development and efficient delivery of clinical therapeutics. This article provides an introduction to the landscape of EV-based vectors under development for the delivery of protein- and nucleic acid-based therapeutics. We highlight some of the most pressing measurement and standardization challenges that limit the translation of EVs to the clinic. Current challenges limiting development of EVs for drug delivery are the lack of: standardized cell-based platforms for the production of EV-based therapeutics; EV reference materials that allow researchers/manufacturers to validate EV measurements and standardized measurement systems for determining the molecular composition of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant C Nelson
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Samantha Maragh
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ionita C Ghiran
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer C Jones
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul C DeRose
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Elzafir Elsheikh
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Wyatt N Vreeland
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Colombet J, Billard H, Viguès B, Balor S, Boulé C, Geay L, Benzerara K, Menguy N, Ilango G, Fuster M, Enault F, Bardot C, Gautier V, Pradeep Ram AS, Sime-Ngando T. Discovery of High Abundances of Aster-Like Nanoparticles in Pelagic Environments: Characterization and Dynamics. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2376. [PMID: 31681233 PMCID: PMC6803438 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study reports the discovery of Aster-Like Nanoparticles (ALNs) in pelagic environments. ALNs are pleomorphic, with three dominant morphotypes which do not fit into any previously defined environmental entities [i.e., ultramicro-prokaryotes, controversed nanobes, and non-living particles (biomimetic mineralo-organic particles, natural nanoparticles or viruses)] of similar size. Elemental composition and selected-area electron diffraction patterns suggested that the organic nature of ALNs may prevail over the possibility of crystal structures. Likewise, recorded changes in ALN numbers in the absence of cells are at odds with an affiliation to until now described viral particles. ALN abundances showed marked seasonal dynamics in the lakewater, with maximal values (up to 9.0 ± 0.5 × 107 particles·mL−1) reaching eight times those obtained for prokaryotes, and representing up to about 40% of the abundances of virus-like particles. We conclude that (i) aquatic ecosystems are reservoirs of novel, abundant, and dynamic aster-like nanoparticles, (ii) not all virus-like particles observed in aquatic systems are necessarily viruses, and (iii) there may be several types of other ultra-small particles in natural waters that are currently unknown but potentially ecologically important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Colombet
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Hermine Billard
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Bernard Viguès
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Stéphanie Balor
- Plateforme de Microscopie Électronique Intégrative (METI), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Boulé
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures (CTμ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lucie Geay
- Centre Technologique des Microstructures (CTμ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR CNRS 7590, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Unité Mixte de Recherche 206, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Menguy
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Universités, UMR CNRS 7590, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 06, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement-Unité Mixte de Recherche 206, Paris, France
| | - Guy Ilango
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Maxime Fuster
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - François Enault
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Corinne Bardot
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Véronique Gautier
- Plateforme GENTYANE, UMR INRA 1095 GDEC, Université Clermont Auvergne, Site de Crouel, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Angia Sriram Pradeep Ram
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
| | - Télesphore Sime-Ngando
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR CNRS 6023, Aubière, France
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