1
|
Dawar FU, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Jin X, Zhao Z. Bacterial infection-biased abundance of proteins in the skin mucus of obscure puffer (Takifugu Obscurus). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101306. [PMID: 39116716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The skin mucus of fish is equipped with immunological and antimicrobial peptides that confer protection against invading pathogens. The skin mucus has been studied in fish however information regarding its immunological roles in bacterial infection is rare. This study highlighted the proteins and peptides in the skin mucus of Obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus that quantitatively altered against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. We infected the fish through bath immersion, intraperitonially, and treated with PBS (control) then compared the level of proteins in the skin mucus among the groups using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) based quantification showed that 4896 proteins were Deferentially Quantified Proteins (DQPs), based on 19,751 unique peptides. Of which 170 were depleted (decreased in abundance) and 69 were abundant in comparison of Bath Treated (BT) vs Control (C) groups. Similarly, 76 DQPs were depleted and 70 were abundant in comparison of Treated (T) vs BT groups. Further, 126 DQPs were depleted, and 34 were abundant in comparison to T vs C groups. The DQPs we report were mostly immunological and were involved in unique biological functions and pathways. The interesting protein we report, where some of the proteins are for the first time in fish, shows the protein-rich structure of the mucus of fish, which may act as a biomarker to be targeted for bacterial disease therapy in fish and ultimately hint to the way of making resistance in fish against bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah Dawar
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China; Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat, 26000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Yan Shi
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Xingkun Jin
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wassel MA, Makabe-Kobayashi Y, Iqbal MM, Takatani T, Sakakura Y, Hamasaki K. The impact of tetrodotoxin (TTX) on the gut microbiome in juvenile tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16684. [PMID: 39085277 PMCID: PMC11291987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that accumulates in Takifugu rubripes, commonly known as pufferfish, through the ingestion of TTX-bearing organisms as part of their food chain. Although researchers believe that pufferfish use TTX to relieve stress, data are not currently available on how TTX affects the gut microbiota of pufferfish. To address this gap, our study aimed to investigate whether administering TTX to fish could alter their gut microbiota and overall health under various salinity conditions, including 30.0 ppt, 8.5 ppt, and 1.7 ppt salinity, which represent full-strength, isosmotic, and low-salinity stress, respectively. We analyzed the effect of TTX ingestion on the community structure, core microbiome, and metabolic capabilities of the gut microbiome using high-throughput sequencing technologies. The predominant bacterial taxa within the gut microbiome were Firmicutes (21-85%), Campilobacterota (2.8-67%), Spirochaetota (0.5-14%), and Proteobacteria (0.7-9.8%), with Mycoplasma, uncultured Arcobacteraceae, Brevinema, Vibrio, Rubritalea, and uncultured Pirellulaceae as core genera. Our findings indicated that the impact of TTX on high-abundance genera at 30.0 ppt and 8.5 ppt salinity levels was negligible, indicating their stability and resilience to TTX ingestion. However, at 1.7 ppt, TTX-fed fish showed a significant increase in uncultured Arcobacteraceae. Furthermore, our analysis of TTX-fed fish revealed taxonomic alterations in low-abundance taxa, which altered the predicted functions of the gut microbiota at all salinity levels. These results suggest that TTX administration could cause subtle effects on the metabolic functions of gut microbial communities. Overall, our study provides insights into the complex relationship between a TTX-accumulating animal, T. rubripes, and its gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Wassel
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering Research Group, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yoko Makabe-Kobayashi
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Md Mehedi Iqbal
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Takatani
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sakakura
- Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1‑14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki, 852‑8521, Japan
| | - Koji Hamasaki
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Host Hybridization Dominates over Cohabitation in Affecting Gut Microbiota of Intrageneric Hybrid Takifugu Pufferfish. mSystems 2023; 8:e0118122. [PMID: 36815841 PMCID: PMC10134855 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01181-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial symbionts are of great importance for macroscopic life, including fish, and both collectively comprise an integrated biological entity known as the holobiont. Yet little is known as to how the normal balance within the fish holobiont is maintained and how it responds to biotic and/or abiotic influences. Here, through amplicon profiling, the genealogical relationship between artificial F1 hybrid pufferfish with growth heterosis, produced from crossing female Takifugu obscurus with male Takifugu rubripes and its maternal halfsibling purebred, was well recapitulated by their gut microbial community similarities, indicating an evident parallelism between host phylogeny (hybridity) and microbiota relationships therein. Interestingly, modest yet significant fish growth promotion and gut microbiota alteration mediated by hybrid-purebred cohabitation were observed, in comparison with their respective monoculture cohorts that share common genetic makeups, implying a certain degree of environmental influences. Moreover, the underlying assemblage patterns of gut microbial communities were found associated with a trade-off between variable selection and dispersal limitation, which are plausibly driven by the augmented social interactions between hybrid and purebred cohabitants differing in behaviors. Results from this study not only can enrich, from a microbial perspective, the sophisticated understanding of complex and dynamic assemblage of the fish holobiont, but will also provide deeper insights into the ecophysiological factors imposed on the diversity-function relationships thereof. Our findings emphasize the intimate associations of gut microbiota in host genetics-environmental interactions and would have deeper practical implications for microbial contributions to optimize performance prediction and to improve the production of farmed fishes. IMPORTANCE Microbial symbionts are of great importance for macroscopic life, including fish, and yet little is known as to how the normal balance within the fish holobiont is maintained and how it responds to the biotic and/or abiotic influences. Through gut microbiota profiling, we show that host intrageneric hybridization and cohabitation can impose a strong disturbance upon pufferfish gut microbiota. Moreover, marked alterations in the composition and function of gut microbiota in both hybrid and purebred pufferfish cohabitants were observed, which are potentially correlated with different metabolic priorities and behaviors between host genealogy. These results can enrich, from a microbial perspective, the sophisticated understanding of the complex and dynamic assemblage of the fish holobiont and would have deeper practical implications for microbial contributions to optimize performance prediction and to improve farmed fish production.
Collapse
|
4
|
Knobloch S, Skírnisdóttir S, Dubois M, Kolypczuk L, Leroi F, Leeper A, Passerini D, Marteinsson VÞ. Impact of Putative Probiotics on Growth, Behavior, and the Gut Microbiome of Farmed Arctic Char (Salvelinus alpinus). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912473. [PMID: 35928148 PMCID: PMC9343752 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beneficial bacteria promise to promote the health and productivity of farmed fish species. However, the impact on host physiology is largely strain-dependent, and studies on Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), a commercially farmed salmonid species, are lacking. In this study, 10 candidate probiotic strains were subjected to in vitro assays, small-scale growth trials, and behavioral analysis with juvenile Arctic char to examine the impact of probiotic supplementation on fish growth, behavior and the gut microbiome. Most strains showed high tolerance to gastric juice and fish bile acid, as well as high auto-aggregation activity, which are important probiotic characteristics. However, they neither markedly altered the core gut microbiome, which was dominated by three bacterial species, nor detectably colonized the gut environment after the 4-week probiotic treatment. Despite a lack of long-term colonization, the presence of the bacterial strains showed either beneficial or detrimental effects on the host through growth rate enhancement or reduction, as well as changes in fish motility under confinement. This study offers insights into the effect of bacterial strains on a salmonid host and highlights three strains, Carnobacterium divergens V41, Pediococcus acidilactici ASG16, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ISCAR-07436, for future research into growth promotion of salmonid fish through probiotic supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandra Leeper
- Microbiology Research Group, Matís ohf., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Viggó Þ. Marteinsson
- Microbiology Research Group, Matís ohf., Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- *Correspondence: Viggó Þ. Marteinsson,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Gajardo K, Jaramillo-Torres A, Kortner TM, Krogdahl Å. Consistent changes in the intestinal microbiota of Atlantic salmon fed insect meal diets. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:8. [PMID: 35012688 PMCID: PMC8750867 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being part of fish's natural diets, insects have become a practical alternative feed ingredient for aquaculture. While nutritional values of insects have been extensively studied in various fish species, their impact on the fish microbiota remains to be fully explored. In an 8-week freshwater feeding trial, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were fed either a commercially relevant reference diet or an insect meal diet wherein black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae meal comprised 60% of total ingredients. Microbiota of digesta and mucosa origin from the proximal and distal intestine were collected and profiled along with feed and water samples. RESULTS The insect meal diet markedly modulated the salmon intestinal microbiota. Salmon fed the insect meal diet showed similar or lower alpha-diversity indices in the digesta but higher alpha-diversity indices in the mucosa. A group of bacterial genera, dominated by members of the Bacillaceae family, was enriched in salmon fed the insect meal diet, which confirms our previous findings in a seawater feeding trial. We also found that microbiota in the intestine closely resembled that of the feeds but was distinct from the water microbiota. Notably, bacterial genera associated with the diet effects were also present in the feeds. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that salmon fed the insect meal diets show consistent changes in the intestinal microbiota. The next challenge is to evaluate the extent to which these alterations are attributable to feed microbiota and dietary nutrients, and what these changes mean for fish physiology and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Li
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karina Gajardo
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Jaramillo-Torres
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Åshild Krogdahl
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Processed Animal Proteins from Insect and Poultry By-Products in a Fish Meal-Free Diet for Rainbow Trout: Impact on Intestinal Microbiota and Inflammatory Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115454. [PMID: 34064267 PMCID: PMC8196822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainability of aquaculture is tied to the origin of feed ingredients. In search of sustainable fish meal-free formulations for rainbow trout, we evaluated the effect of Hermetia illucens meal (H) and poultry by-product meal (P), singly (10, 30, and 60% of either H or P) or in combination (10% H + 50% P, H10P50), as partial replacement of vegetable protein (VM) on gut microbiota (GM), inflammatory, and immune biomarkers. Fish fed the mixture H10P50 had the best growth performance. H, P, and especially the combination H10P50 partially restored α-diversity that was negatively affected by VM. Diets did not differ in the Firmicutes:Proteobacteria ratio, although the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria was reduced in H and was higher in P and in the fishmeal control. H had higher relative abundance of chitin-degrading Actinomyces and Bacillus, Dorea, and Enterococcus. Actinomyces was also higher in H feed, suggesting feed-chain microbiome transmission. P increased the relative abundance of protein degraders Paeniclostridium and Bacteroidales. IL-1β, IL-10, TGF-β, COX-2, and TCR-β gene expression in the midgut and head kidney and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) revealed that the diets did not compromise the gut barrier function or induce inflammation. H, P, and H10P50 therefore appear valid protein sources in fishmeal-free aquafeeds.
Collapse
|