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Sun Q, Yan Z, Wang J, Chen JA, Li X, Shi W, Liu J, Li SL. Evaluating impacts of climate and management on reservoir water quality using environmental fluid dynamics code. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174608. [PMID: 38997040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and human interference, notably nutrient input, affect the water quality. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are pivotal in managing eutrophication. This study investigated the effects of water dynamics and chemical constituents on water quality in Hongfeng Lake, a typical weakly stratified reservoir suffering from algae blooms in Southwest China, using the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code. Leveraging climate, hydrological, and water quality data, we constructed, calibrated, and validated the temperature-hydrodynamics-water quality-sediment model. Various scenarios were analyzed, including wind speed, air temperature, solar radiation, rainfall, water discharge, N and P external input, and internal release. The findings revealed that no rain and warming increased trophic state index (TSI) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration, and no solar radiation initially elevated nitrate concentration, followed by an increase in ammonium concentration. Besides, no solar radiation and changes in rainfall significantly increased total phosphate concentration. The management scenarios of N and P reduction, halving tributary, and mainstream flow scenarios improved water quality and reduced eutrophication. The wind speed under the N and P reduced scenarios showed that a doubling in wind led to increased concentrations of the particulate organic matter, Chl-a, and dissolved oxygen, alongside decreased ammonium and nitrate, while TSI exhibited minimal change. However, 5- and 10-times wind speed scenarios amplified TSI in shallow water, potentially due to a substantial rise in internal nutrient release. The degradation trend observed in drinking water quality amid climate change (warming and flooding) raises concerns regarding health-related risks. These simulations provided the quantified influence of climate change and environmental management strategies on water quality in the weakly stratified reservoir, notably highlighting the looming threat of exacerbated eutrophication due to warming, necessitating more stringent N and P reduction measures compared to current practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yan
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Jing-An Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Management Science, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Si-Liang Li
- Institute of Surface Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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2
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Grey V, Smith-Miles K, Fletcher TD, Hatt BE, Coleman RA. Empirical evidence of climate change and urbanization impacts on warming stream temperatures. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120703. [PMID: 37979332 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and urbanization threaten streams and the biodiversity that rely upon them worldwide. Emissions of greenhouse gases are causing air and sea surface temperatures to increase, and even small areas of urbanization are degrading stream biodiversity, water quality and hydrology. However, empirical evidence of how increasing air temperatures and urbanization together affect stream temperatures over time and their relative influence on stream temperatures is limited. This study quantifies changes in stream temperatures in a region in South-East Australia with an urban-agricultural-forest landcover gradient and where increasing air temperatures have been observed. Using Random Forest models we identify air temperature and urbanization drive increasing stream temperatures and that their combined effects are larger than their individual effects occurring alone. Furthermore, we identify potential mitigation measures useful for waterway managers and policy makers. The results show that both local and global solutions are needed to reduce future increases to stream temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Grey
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia.
| | - Kate Smith-Miles
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Tim D Fletcher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia
| | - Belinda E Hatt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia
| | - Rhys A Coleman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Melbourne Water Corporation, 990 La Trobe Street, Docklands, Victoria 3008, Australia
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3
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Zhou J, Leavitt PR, Rose KC, Wang X, Zhang Y, Shi K, Qin B. Controls of thermal response of temperate lakes to atmospheric warming. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6503. [PMID: 37845203 PMCID: PMC10579293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric warming heats lakes, but the causes of variation among basins are poorly understood. Here, multi-decadal profiles of water temperatures, trophic state, and local climate from 345 temperate lakes are combined with data on lake geomorphology and watershed characteristics to identify controls of the relative rates of temperature change in water (WT) and air (AT) during summer. We show that differences in local climate (AT, wind speed, humidity, irradiance), land cover (forest, urban, agriculture), geomorphology (elevation, area/depth ratio), and water transparency explain >30% of the difference in rate of lake heating compared to that of the atmosphere. Importantly, the rate of lake heating slows as air warms (P < 0.001). Clear, cold, and deep lakes, especially at high elevation and in undisturbed catchments, are particularly responsive to changes in atmospheric temperature. We suggest that rates of surface water warming may decline relative to the atmosphere in a warmer future, particularly in sites already experiencing terrestrial development or eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, No.1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peter R Leavitt
- Limnology Laboratory, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
- Institute for Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Kevin C Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiwen Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Boqiang Qin
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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4
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Bispo GBS, Santos RF, Pompeo ML, Ferraz SFB, Rodrigues CB, Brentan BM. The effects of natural forest and eucalyptus plantations on seven water-related ecosystem services in Cerrado landscapes. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
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5
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Guinto RR, Cahatol JJF, Lazaro KYMS, Salazar AFNC. Pathways linking climate change and HIV/AIDS: An updated conceptual framework and implications for the Philippines. THE JOURNAL OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH 2022; 6:100106. [PMID: 35945919 PMCID: PMC9352190 DOI: 10.1016/j.joclim.2021.100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As we commemorate the 40th anniversary of the discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) while fighting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, another global crisis - climate change - is threatening the progress achieved so far in the global fight against HIV/AIDS. The climate emergency is anticipated to generate dire health consequences worldwide in the coming decades. While the pathways that link climate change and different disease areas are better understood, the connection between climate change and HIV/AIDS is still yet to be recognized both in research and practice. In this review, we update one of the frameworks on the HIV-climate nexus described in earlier literature. Four major pathways have been identified: extreme weather events; sea level rise; changes in precipitation and temperature; and increased air pollution. These pathways impact the spectrum of HIV/AIDS-related outcomes through changes in social systems, healthcare disruption, and other climate-sensitive diseases, influenced by the social determinants of health. We also reflect on the significance of this updated framework for the Philippines, a country that is both highly vulnerable to the climate crisis and facing a rising HIV/AIDS epidemic. The framework can aid countries like the Philippines in filling gaps in research, policy, and program design to mount climate-adaptive HIV/AIDS responses. The HIV/AIDS and climate justice movements must also join forces in calling for accelerated worldwide decline in greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors to stabilize the global climate - this will benefit not just people affected by HIV/AIDS but everyone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo R Guinto
- St. Luke's Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines
- Sunway Centre for Planetary Health, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
- PH Lab, Manila, Philippines
- Planetary Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - Joshua Joel F Cahatol
- St. Luke's Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Kris Yvan Mari S Lazaro
- St. Luke's Medical Center College of Medicine-William H. Quasha Memorial, Quezon City, Philippines
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Land-Use Impact on Water Quality of the Opak Sub-Watershed, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The integrated monitoring system of water quality is eminently reliant on water quality trend data. This study aims to obtain water quality patterns related to land-use change over a periodic observation in the Opak sub-watershed, Indonesia, both from a seasonal and spatial point of view. Landsat image data from 2013 to 2020 and water quality data comprising 25 parameters were compiled and analyzed. This study observed that land use remarkably correlated to water quality, especially the building area representing the dense population and various anthropogenic activities, to pollute the water sources. Three types of pollutant sources were identified using principal component analysis (PCA), including domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities, which all influenced the variance in river water quality. The use of spatiotemporal-based and multivariate analysis was to interpret water quality trend data, which can help the stakeholders to monitor pollution and take control in the Opak sub-watershed. The results investigated 17 out of 25 water quality parameters, which showed an increasing trend from upstream to downstream during the observation time. The concentration of biological oxygen demand over five days (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite, sulfide, phenol, phosphate, oil and grease, lead, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and total coli, surpassed the water quality standard through spatial analysis.
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7
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Johnson T, Butcher J, Santell S, Schwartz S, Julius S, LeDuc S. A review of climate change effects on practices for mitigating water quality impacts. JOURNAL OF WATER AND CLIMATE CHANGE 2022; 13:1684-1705. [PMID: 36590233 PMCID: PMC9797054 DOI: 10.2166/wcc.2022.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water quality practices are commonly implemented to reduce human impacts on land and water resources. In series or parallel in a landscape, systems of practices can reduce local and downstream pollution delivery. Many practices function via physical, chemical, and biological processes that are dependent on weather and climate. Climate change will alter the function of many such systems, though effects will vary in different hydroclimatic and watershed settings. Reducing the risk of impacts will require risk-based, adaptive planning. Here, we review the literature addressing climate change effects on practices commonly used to mitigate the water quality impacts of urban stormwater, agriculture, and forestry. Information from the general literature review is used to make qualitative inferences about the resilience of different types of practices. We discuss resilience in the context of two factors: the sensitivity of practice function to changes in climatic drivers, and the adaptability, or relative ease with which a practice can be modified as change occurs. While only a first step in addressing a complex topic, our aim is to help communities incorporate consideration of resilience to climate change as an additional factor in decisions about water quality practices to meet long-term goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Johnson
- EPA ORD, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Jonathan Butcher
- Tetra Tech, Inc., P.O. Box 14409, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | | | - Sara Schwartz
- EPA OW, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Susan Julius
- EPA ORD, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA
| | - Stephen LeDuc
- EPA ORD, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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8
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Kinar NJ, Brinkmann M. Development of a sensor and measurement platform for water quality observations: design, sensor integration, 3D printing, and open-source hardware. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:207. [PMID: 35190903 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A measurement and development platform for collecting water quality data (the WaterWatcher) was developed. The platform includes sensors to measure turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and water temperature as variables that are often collected to assess water quality. The design is extensible for research and monitoring purposes, and all the design files are provided under open-source permissive licenses for further development. System design and operation are discussed for illustrative purposes. A block diagram indicates elements of mechanical, electrical, and software design for this system. The mechanical assembly used to house circuit boards and sensors is designed using 3D printing for rapid prototyping. The electronic circuit board acts as a carrier for an Arduino 32-bit microcontroller board and an associated cellular module along with a GPS for geolocation of water quality measurements. The cellular module permits data transfer for Internet of Things (IoT) functionality. System operation is set up using a command line interface (CLI) and C + + code that allows for calibration coefficients and human-readable transfer functions to be defined so that sensor voltages are related to physical quantities. Data are cached on a secure digital (SD) card for backup. The circuit was calibrated, and system operation assessed by deployment on an urban reservoir. Biogeochemical cycles were identified in the collected data using spectrogram and semivariogram analyses to validate system operation. As a system with hardware and software released under an open source license, the WaterWatcher platform reduces the time and effort required to build and deploy low-cost water quality measurement sensors and provides an example of the basic hardware design that can be used for measurements of water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Kinar
- Smart Water Systems Lab, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - M Brinkmann
- Smart Water Systems Lab, University of Saskatchewan, 11 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada.
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada.
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9
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Zhang C, Huang G, Yan D, Wang H, Zeng G, Wang S, Li Y. Analysis of South American climate and teleconnection indices. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 244:103915. [PMID: 34788718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oceanic heat anomalies affect climate in remote regions through the atmospheric cycle. South America (SA) was the first region found associated with EI Niño, which affects the fishery, agriculture, forestry, and livestock industry of SA. As approximately 60% of the total water is used for agriculture, climate changes in SA caused by ocean anomalies have led to the variability of available water, especially for irrigation water. Where the precipitation is low and/or the temperature is high, the availability and quality of water resources are under pressure. For instance, droughts associated with La Niña severely limited water supply and irrigation requirements between 25°S - 40°S in west-central Argentina and central Chile. In order to study the relationship between ocean variability and the climate of SA, 19 teleconnection indices (TI) related to Ocean abnormity are considered. The 19 indices are: the sea surface temperature (SST) and their anomaly in 4 Niño regions (SST1 + 2, SST3, SST3.4, SST4, ANOM1 + 2, ANOM3, ANOM3.4, ANOM4), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Oceanic Niño Index (ONI), Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR), Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Pacific-North America (PNA), Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), West and East of Indian Ocean Dipole (IODW, IODE), and the difference between IODW and IODE (IODd). High-resolution gridded climate data (1982-2016) from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), the Climate Prediction Center (CPC), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) are applied for correlation analyses. The results show that the 89.4% area of South American climate has a significant correlation with the SST in Niño region 1 + 2, the mean correlation coefficient is 0.55 for NCEP precipitation and 0.54 for CPC temperature. The lag duration for the remote correlation is around 2-3 months. It is the first attempt to analyze the correlation relationship based on 19 TIs, which can provide comprehensive insight into the climate of SA at a high-resolution scale. These findings are helpful for identifying the sensitive factors that affect climate in SA, for projecting the climate variables of SA, and for managing the irrigation water resources of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Guohe Huang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada.
| | - Denghua Yan
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Yongping Li
- Environment and Sustainable Communities, University of Regina, Regina, Sask S4S 7H9, Canada
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10
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Multi-Year Monitoring of Ecosystem Metabolism in Two Branches of a Cold-Water Stream. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change is likely to have large impacts on freshwater biodiversity and ecosystem function, especially in cold-water streams. Ecosystem metabolism is affected by water temperature and discharge, both of which are expected to be affected by climate change and, thus, require long-term monitoring to assess alterations in stream function. This study examined ecosystem metabolism in two branches of a trout stream in Minnesota, USA over 3 years. One branch was warmer, allowing the examination of elevated temperature on metabolism. Dissolved oxygen levels were assessed every 10 min from spring through fall in 2017–2019. Gross primary production (GPP) was higher in the colder branch in all years. GPP in both branches was highest before leaf-out in the spring. Ecosystem respiration (ER) was greater in the warmer stream in two of three years. Both streams were heterotrophic in all years (net ecosystem production—NEP < 0). There were significant effects of temperature and light on GPP, ER, and NEP. Stream discharge had a significant impact on all GPP, ER, and NEP in the colder stream, but only on ER and NEP in the warmer stream. This study indicated that the impacts of temperature, light, and discharge differ among years, and, at least at the local scale, may not follow expected patterns.
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11
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Coffey R, Butcher J, Benham B, Johnson T. Modeling the Effects of Future Hydroclimatic Conditions on Microbial Water Quality and Management Practices in Two Agricultural Watersheds. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASABE 2020; 63:753-770. [PMID: 34327039 PMCID: PMC8318128 DOI: 10.13031/trans.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anticipated future hydroclimatic changes are expected to alter the transport and survival of fecally-sourced waterborne pathogens, presenting an increased risk of recreational water quality impairments. Managing future risk requires an understanding of interactions between fecal sources, hydroclimatic conditions and best management practices (BMPs) at spatial scales relevant to decision makers. In this study we used the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN to quantify potential fecal coliform (FC - an indicator of the potential presence of pathogens) responses to a range of mid-century climate scenarios and assess different BMP scenarios (based on reduction factors) for reducing the risk of water quality impairment in two, small agricultural watersheds - the Chippewa watershed in Minnesota, and the Tye watershed in Virginia. In each watershed, simulations show a wide range of FC responses, driven largely by variability in projected future precipitation. Wetter future conditions, which drive more transport from non-point sources (e.g. manure application, livestock grazing), show increases in FC loads. Loads typically decrease under drier futures; however, higher mean FC concentrations and more recreational water quality criteria exceedances occur, likely caused by reduced flow during low-flow periods. Median changes across the ensemble generally show increases in FC load. BMPs that focus on key fecal sources (e.g., runoff from pasture, livestock defecation in streams) within a watershed can mitigate the effects of hydroclimatic change on FC loads. However, more extensive BMP implementation or improved BMP efficiency (i.e., higher FC reductions) may be needed to fully offset increases in FC load and meet water quality goals, such as total maximum daily loads and recreational water quality standards. Strategies for managing climate risk should be flexible and to the extent possible include resilient BMPs that function as designed under a range of future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coffey
- formerly ORISE Fellow, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - J Butcher
- Director, Tetra Tech, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Benham
- Professor, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Seitz Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Physical Scientist, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
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Coffey R, Paul M, Stamp J, Hamilton A, Johnson T. A REVIEW OF WATER QUALITY RESPONSES TO AIR TEMPERATURE AND PRECIPITATION CHANGES 2: NUTRIENTS, ALGAL BLOOMS, SEDIMENT, PATHOGENS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION 2018; 55:844-868. [PMID: 33867785 PMCID: PMC8048137 DOI: 10.1111/1752-1688.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we review the published, scientific literature addressing the response of nutrients, sediment, pathogens and cyanobacterial blooms to historical and potential future changes in air temperature and precipitation. The goal is to document how different attributes of water quality are sensitive to these drivers, to characterize future risk, to inform management responses and to identify research needs to fill gaps in our understanding. Results suggest that anticipated future changes present a risk of water quality and ecosystem degradation in many U.S. locations. Understanding responses is, however, complicated by inherent high spatial and temporal variability, interactions with land use and water management, and dependence on uncertain changes in hydrology in response to future climate. Effects on pollutant loading in different watershed settings generally correlate with projected changes in precipitation and runoff. In all regions, increased heavy precipitation events are likely to drive more episodic pollutant loading to water bodies. The risk of algal blooms could increase due to an expanded seasonal window of warm water temperatures and the potential for episodic increases in nutrient loading. Increased air and water temperatures are also likely to affect the survival of waterborne pathogens. Responding to these challenges requires understanding of vulnerabilities, and management strategies to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Coffey
- Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., USA
| | - Michael Paul
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Tetra Tech, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jen Stamp
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Tetra Tech, Inc., Montpelier, Vermont, USA
| | - Anna Hamilton
- Center for Ecological Sciences, Tetra Tech, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C., USA
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