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Gao H, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhao YK, Cheng C, Qiu F, Gao Y, Lu YW, Song XH, Wang JB, Ma ZT. A clinical experience-based Chinese herbal formula improves ethanol-induced drunken behavior and hepatic steatohepatitis in mice models. Chin Med 2023; 18:47. [PMID: 37127639 PMCID: PMC10150545 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bao-Gan-Xing-Jiu-Wan (BGXJW) is a clinical experience-based Chinese herbal formula. Its efficacy, pharmacological safety, targeted function, process quality, and other aspects have met the evaluation standards and the latest requirements of preparations. It could prevent and alleviate the symptoms of drunkenness and alcoholic liver injury clinically. The present work aims to elucidate whether BGXJW could protect against drunkenness and alcoholic liver disease in mice and explore the associated mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used acute-on-chronic (NIAAA) mice model to induce alcoholic steatosis, and alcohol binge-drinking model to reappear the drunk condition. BGXJW at indicated doses were administered by oral gavage respectively to analyze its effects on alcoholic liver injury and the associated molecular mechanisms. RESULTS BGXJW had no cardiac, hepatic, renal, or intestinal toxicity in mice. Alcoholic liver injury and steatosis in the NIAAA mode were effectively prevented by BGXJW treatment. BGXJW increased the expression of alcohol metabolizing enzymes ADH, CYP2E1, and ALDH2 to enhance alcohol metabolism, inhibited steatosis through regulating lipid metabolism, counteracted alcohol-induced upregulation of lipid synthesis related proteins SREBP1, FASN, and SCD1, meanwhile it enhanced fatty acids β-oxidation related proteins PPAR-α and CPT1A. Alcohol taken enhanced pro-inflammatory TNF-α, IL-6 and down-regulated the anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression in the liver, which were also reversed by BGXJW administration. Moreover, BGXJW significantly decreased the blood ethanol concentration and alleviated drunkenness in the alcohol binge-drinking mice model. CONCLUSIONS BGXJW could effectively relieve drunkenness and prevent alcoholic liver disease by regulating lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and alcohol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Hepatology, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Henan, 450046, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yong-Kang Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jincheng General Hospital, Jincheng, 048006, Shanxi, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ya-Wen Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xin-Hua Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jia-Bo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Zhi-Tao Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Chen C, Li X, Kano Y, Yuan D, Qu J. Oriental traditional herbal Medicine--Puerariae Flos: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 306:116089. [PMID: 36621660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pueraria Flos (PF), a traditional herbal medicine, is botanically from the dried flowers of Pueraria lobate (Willd.) Ohwi. (Chinese: ) or Pueraria thomsonii Benth. (Chinese: ). It has a long history of thousands of years in China for awakening the spleen, clearing the lungs, relieving alcohol. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to report the up-to-date research progress in ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology, metabolism and therapeutic application of PF, so as to provide a strong basis for future clinical treatment and scientific research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on PF was collected from scientific literature databases including PubMed, CNKI and other literature sources (Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations and Chinese herbal classic books) by using the keyword "Puerariae". RESULTS Briefly, phytochemical research report has isolated 39 flavonoids, 19 saponins and 25 volatile oils from PF. Flavonoids and saponins are the most important bioactive compounds, and most of the quality control studies focus on these two types of compounds. Modern pharmacological studies have revealed their significant biological activities in relieving alcoholism, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation, which provides theoretical support for the traditional use. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive analysis showed that pharmacological activity of most purified compounds from PF had not been reported. Kakkalide, tectoridin and their deglycosylated metabolites (irisolidone and tectorigenin) has been focused on excessively due to their higher content and better activities. This leads to low development and resources waste. Interestingly, PF made a breakthrough in the field of food. Many kinds of fat-lowering foods such as PILLBOX Onaka have been popular in Japan market, which received extensive attention. Therefore, we suggest that future research can be paid attention on the development of the plant's function in the field of food and medicine, as well as the transformation from experimental to clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Chen
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China; Institute of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China; Institute (College) of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, No. 9, South Road of Lvshun, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yoshihiro Kano
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Jialin Qu
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Lin F, Yang Y, Wei S, Huang X, Peng Z, Ke X, Zeng Z, Song Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Against High Glucose-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Injury Through Activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:621-633. [PMID: 32103904 PMCID: PMC7027865 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s242521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dysfunction of endothelial cells plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic atherosclerosis. High glucose (HG) has been found as a key factor in the progression of diabetic complications, including atherosclerosis. PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway has been shown to involve in HG-induced vascular injuries. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been found to exhibit protective effects on HG-induced vascular injuries. Moreover, H2S activates PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway in endothelial cells. Thus, the present study aimed to determine if H2S exerts protective effects against HG-induced injuries of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling. Materials and Methods The endothelial protective effects of H2S were evaluated and compared to the controlled groups. Cell viability, cell migration and tube formation were determined by in vitro functional assays; protein levels were evaluated by Western blot assay and ELISA; cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining; Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was evaluated by the ROS detection kit. Results HG treatment significantly inhibited PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling in HUVECs, which was partially reversed by the H2S treatment. HG treatment inhibited cell viability of HUVECs, which were markedly prevented by H2S or PI3K agonist Y-P 740. HG treatment also induced HUVEC cell apoptosis by increasing the protein levels of cleaved caspase 3, Bax and Bcl-2, which were significantly attenuated by H2S or 740 Y-P. ROS production and gp91phox protein level were increased by HG treatment in HUVECs and this effect can be blocked by the treatment with H2S or Y-P 740. Moreover, HG treatment increased the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, caspase-1 and phosphorylated JNK, which was significantly attenuated by H2S or Y-P 740. Importantly, the cytoprotective effect of H2S against HG-induced injury was inhibited by LY294002 (an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway). Conclusion The present study demonstrated that exogenous H2S protects endothelial cells against HG-induced injuries by activating PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Based on the above findings, we proposed that reduced endogenous H2S levels and the subsequent PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling impairment may be the important pathophysiological mechanism underlying hyperglycemia-induced vascular injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanyin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, (Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital), Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicong Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinzhi Song
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Group, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518133, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Guo S, Gao XB, Liu A, Jiang W, Chen X, Yang P, Liu LN, Shi L, Zhang Y. Matrine attenuates high-fat diet-induced in vivo and ox-LDL-induced in vitro vascular injury by regulating the PKCα/eNOS and PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2731-2743. [PMID: 30770623 PMCID: PMC6433715 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders lead to vascular endothelial injury. Matrine is an alkaloid that has been used to improve obesity and diabetes and for the treatment of hepatitis B. However, its effect on lipid metabolism disorders and vascular injury is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of matrine on high‐fat diet fed mice and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Computational virtual docking analyses, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C‐α (PKCα) inhibitors were used to localize matrine in vascular injuries. The results showed that matrine‐treated mice were more resistant to abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation than vehicle‐treated mice and exhibited significantly alleviated ox‐LDL‐stimulated dysfunction of HUVECs, restored diminished nitric oxide release, decreased reactive oxygen species generation and increased expression phosphorylation of AKT‐Ser473 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐Ser1177. Matrine not only up‐regulates eNOS‐Ser1177 but also down‐regulates eNOS‐Thr495, a PKCα‐controlled negative regulator of eNOS. Using computational virtual docking analyses and biochemical assays, matrine was also shown to influence eNOS/NO via PKCα inhibition. Moreover, the protective effects of matrine were significantly abolished by the simultaneous application of PKCα and the PI3K inhibitor. Matrine may thus be potentially employed as a novel therapeutic strategy against high‐fat diet‐induced vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lin-Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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Xin Y, Wang Y, Chi J, Zhu X, Zhao H, Zhao S, Wang Y. Elevated free fatty acid level is associated with insulin-resistant state in nondiabetic Chinese people. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:139-147. [PMID: 30705599 PMCID: PMC6342222 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s186505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with insulin secretion and insulin resistance. However, the associations among FFAs, obesity, and progression from a normal to a prediabetic state are unclear. METHODS Nondiabetic subjects (5,952) were divided in two groups according to their body mass index (BMI): obese subjects (BMI ≥24 kg/m2) and nonobese subjects (BMI <24 kg/m2). Clinical and multiple glucolipid metabolism data were collected. The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA-β) was used. HbA1c level between 5.7% and 6.4% was considered prediabetic. Nonparametric tests, one-way ANOVA, and linear correlation analysis were performed. R and SPSS 23.0 software programs were used to analyze the results. RESULTS A U-shaped relationship between FFAs and HOMA-IR was observed. After adjusting for potential confounders, the turning points of FFA levels in the curves were 0.54 mmol/L in the nonobese group and 0.61 mmol/L in the obese group. HOMA-IR levels decreased with increasing FFA concentrations before the turning points (regression coefficient [β]= - 0.9, P=0.0111, for the nonobese group; β=0.2, P=0.5094, for the obese group) and then increased (β=0.9, P=0.0069, for the nonobese group; β=1.5, P=0.0263 for the obese group) after the points. Additionally, our study also identified that FFAs were associated with the prediabetes status in obese individuals. CONCLUSION FFA levels were associated with insulin resistance in nondiabetic subjects, and HOMA-IR in nonobese individuals was more sensitive to FFA changes. Monitoring and controlling plasma FFA levels in obese subjects is significant in decreasing insulin resistance and preventing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Xin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, ;
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, ;
| | - Jingwei Chi
- Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
| | - Xvhua Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Second People's Hospital of Qingdao West Coast, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hiser Medical Center of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, ;
- Laboratory of Thyroid Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, ;
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Fan X, Tao J, Zhou Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Gu D, Su Y, Jang Y, Li S. Investigations on the effects of ginsenoside-Rg1 on glucose uptake and metabolism in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 843:277-284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Li TM, Yu YH, Tsai FJ, Cheng CF, Wu YC, Ho TJ, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin JC, Lin CC, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine usage and its effect on survival of lung cancer patients in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 213:92-100. [PMID: 29100936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Taiwan, lung cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers. Survival of lung cancer patients remains low, ranging from 6% to 18%. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) can be used to induce cell apoptosis and exhibit anti-inflammatoryanti-inflammatory activities in cancer cells. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the frequencies and patterns of CHM treatment for lung cancer patients and the effect of CHM on their survival probability in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 6939 lung cancer patients (ICD-9-CM: 162). We allocated 264 CHM users and 528 CHM-non users, matched for age, gender, duration, and regular treatment. Chi-square test, conditional multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test were used in this study. RESULTS The CHM group was characterized by a longer follow up time and more cases of hyperlipidemia and liver cirrhosis. This group exhibited a lower mortality hazard ratio (0.48, 95% confidence interval [0.39-0.61], p < 0.001), after adjusting for comorbidities. The trend was also observed that the cumulative survival probability was higher in CHM than in non-CHM users (p < 0.0001, log rank test). Analysis of their CHM prescription pattern revealed that Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang (BZYQT), Xiang-Sha-Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang (XSLJZT), and Bai-He-Gu-Jin-Tang (BHGJT); and Bei-Mu (BM), Xing-Ren (XR) and Ge-Gen (GG) were found to be the top three formulas and herbs, respectively. Among them, BM was the core CHM of the major cluster, and Jie-Geng (JG) and Mai-Men-Dong-Tang (MMDT) were important CHMs by CHM network analysis. CONCLUSION The use of CHM as an adjunctive therapy may reduce the mortality hazard ratio of lung cancer patients. The investigation of their comprehensive CHM prescription patterns might be useful in future large-scale, randomized clinical investigations of agent effectiveness, safety, and potential interactions with conventional treatments for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Mao Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Hao Yu
- Divisions of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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A novel role for small molecule glycomimetics in the protection against lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction: Involvement of Akt/eNOS and Nrf2/ARE signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3311-3322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Withaferin A protects against palmitic acid-induced endothelial insulin resistance and dysfunction through suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27236. [PMID: 27250532 PMCID: PMC4890118 DOI: 10.1038/srep27236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of inflammatory pathways via reactive oxygen species (ROS) by free fatty acids (FFA) in obesity gives rise to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Withaferin A (WA), possesses both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and therefore would be a good strategy to suppress palmitic acid (PA)-induced oxidative stress and inflammation and hence, insulin resistance and dysfunction in the endothelium. Effect of WA on PA-induced insulin resistance in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by evaluating insulin signaling mechanisms whilst effect of this drug on PA-induced endothelial dysfunction was determined in acetylcholine-mediated relaxation in isolated rat aortic preparations. WA significantly inhibited ROS production and inflammation induced by PA. Furthermore, WA significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-6 production in endothelial cells by specifically suppressing IKKβ/NF-κβ phosphorylation. WA inhibited inflammation-stimulated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and improved the impaired insulin PI3-K signaling, and restored the decreased nitric oxide (NO) production triggered by PA. WA also decreased endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 levels, and restored the impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilation in isolated aortic preparations. These findings suggest that WA inhibited both ROS production and inflammation to restore impaired insulin resistance in cultured endothelial cells and improve endothelial dysfunction in rat aortic rings.
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Al-Lahham R, Deford JH, Papaconstantinou J. Mitochondrial-generated ROS down regulates insulin signaling via activation of the p38MAPK stress response pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 419:1-11. [PMID: 26454089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of insulin signaling and hepatic insulin resistance has been attributed to ROS-mediated activation of p38MAPK stress response signaling. Our research focused on whether (a) ROS generated by mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I (ETC-CI) dysfunction, via the use of Rotenone, inactivates insulin signaling; and (b) the p38MAPK pathway is involved in the ROS-induced impairment of insulin signaling. Our results show that in primary mouse hepatocytes the CI inhibitor, Rotenone, (a) induces IRS-1 Ser(307) phosphorylation that is blocked by the anti-oxidant NAC or by the p38MAPK inhibitors, SB203580 and SB202190; (b) inhibits insulin-stimulated AKT-Ser(473) and GSK3β-Ser(9) phosphorylations, in a manner that is not responsive to reversal by the anti-oxidant NAC or by the p38MAPK inhibitors, SB203580 and SB202190. We conclude that rotenone-induced insulin resistance involves a p38MAPK-dependent mechanism for the inhibition of the proximal end of insulin signaling (IRS1), and a p38MAPK-independent mechanism for the inhibition of the distal end (AKT and GSK3β). Our study suggests that ROS generated by inhibition of ETC CI, promotes hepatic insulin resistance partly via activation of the p38MAPK stress-response pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Al-Lahham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - James H Deford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - John Papaconstantinou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
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Palmitate-induced endothelial dysfunction is attenuated by cyanidin-3-O-glucoside through modulation of Nrf2/Bach1 and NF-κB pathways. Toxicol Lett 2015; 239:152-60. [PMID: 26422990 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFA), commonly elevated in diabetes and obesity, have been shown to impair endothelial functions and cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Anthocyanins represent one of the most important and interesting classes of flavonoids and seem to play a role in preventing cardiovascular diseases. Herein, we investigated the in vitro protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on cell signaling pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to palmitic acid (PA), the most prevalent saturated FFA in circulation. Our data reported a significant augmentation of free radicals and oxidative stress in HUVECs exposed to PA for 3h, while C3G pretreatment improved intracellular redox status altered by FFA. Moreover, C3G significantly inhibited NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and adhesion molecules induced by PA, and these effects were attributed to the activation of Nrf2/EpRE pathway. In fact, C3G induced Nrf2 nuclear localization and activation of cellular antioxidant and cytoprotective genes at baseline and after PA exposure in endothelial cells. Our data confirm the hypothesis that natural Nrf2 inducers, such as C3G, might be a potential therapeutic strategy to protect vascular system against various stressors preventing several pathological conditions.
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Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Lima JLFC, Fernandes E. Proinflammatory Pathways: The Modulation by Flavonoids. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:877-936. [PMID: 25926332 DOI: 10.1002/med.21347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural, carefully orchestrated response of the organism to tissue damage, involving various signaling systems and the recruitment of inflammatory cells. These cells are stimulated to release a myriad of mediators that amplify the inflammatory response and recruit additional cells. These mediators present numerous redundancies of functions, allowing a broad and effective inflammatory response, but simultaneously make the understanding of inflammation pathways much difficult. The extent of the inflammatory response is usually self-limited, although it depends on the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. When that equilibrium is dislocated, a more widespread inflammatory response may take place. Flavonoids have been shown to be possible alternatives to the traditionally molecules used as anti-inflammatory agents. In fact, the biological activities of flavonoids include the modulation of the diverse phases of inflammatory processes, from the gene transcription and expression to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities and the scavenging of the reactive species. In the present review, the inflammatory network is widely revised and the flavonoids' broad spectrum of action in many of the analyzed inflammatory pathways is revised. This kind of integrated revision is original in the field, providing the reader the simultaneous comprehension of the inflammatory process and the potential beneficial activities of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - José L F C Lima
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
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Natural Flavonoids as Potential Herbal Medication for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, together with its various complications, is becoming a serious threat to human health. Natural products are secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants, having a broad range of biological activities. The development of antidiabetic medication from natural products, especially those originating from plants with a traceable folk-usage history in treating diabetes, is receiving more attention. Many studies highlighted not only the benefits of natural flavonoids with hypoglycemic effects, but also their importance in the management of diabetic complications. This review describes selected natural flavonoids that have been validated for their hypoglycemic properties, together with their mechanisms of action. Also discussed are their activities in the treatment of diabetic complications demonstrated via laboratory diabetic animal models, in vitro and clinical trials using human subjects. Published papers from 2000 to date on flavonoids and diabetes were covered through accessing Web of Science and multiple databases for biomedical sciences. The major potential benefits of natural flavonoids discussed in this review clearly suggest that these substances are lead compounds with sufficient structural diversity of great importance in the antidiabetic drug developing process.
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Shang SW, Yang JL, Huang F, Liu K, Liu BL. Modified Si-Miao-San ameliorates pancreatic B cell dysfunction by inhibition of reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation through AMP-kinase activation. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:351-60. [PMID: 24856758 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To observe the effect of modified Si-Miao-San (mSMS) on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced pancreatic B cell dysfunction, as well as examining the underlying mechanisms. METHOD Pancreatic B cells (INS-1) were stimulated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs, 200 μg·mL(-1)) for 24 h to produce dysfunction in pancreatic B cells and the effects of mSMS observed on insulin secretion, NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), cell apoptosis, phosphorylation of AMP-kinase (AMPK), and caspase 3 activity. RESULTS The AGEs challenge resulted in increased basal insulin secretion, but decreased insulin secretion in response to high glucose, whereas this situation was reversed by mSMS treatment. AGEs stimulation induced NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as Δψm collapse and cell apoptosis. mSMS inhibited ROS production and inhibited NF-κB activation by attenuating p65 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, AGEs-induced Δψm collapse and cell apoptosis were also reversed by mSMS treatment. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-Kinase (AMPK), abolished the beneficial effects of mSMS on the regulation of B cell function, indicating the involvement of AMPK. CONCLUSION mSMS ameliorated AGEs-induced B cell dysfunction by suppressing ROS-associated inflammation, and this action was related to its beneficial regulation of AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wan Shang
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Yang
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Chang YC, Tsai MH, Sheu WHH, Hsieh SC, Chiang AN. The therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of quercetin in relation to lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80744. [PMID: 24260470 PMCID: PMC3834323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacterial infection is characterized by extensive inflammatory cytokine production, which leads to multiple organ failure and a high lethality rate. Therefore, compounds that are able to alleviate profound inflammatory responses may have therapeutic potential in relation to sepsis. Quercetin, one of the flavonoids found widely in the human diet, has been reported to have many health benefits, but the mechanisms underlying its biological effects remain obscure. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which quercetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production and to evaluate the capacity of quercetin to attenuate the mortality rate in a mice model of lethal sepsis. Our results show that quercetin significantly attenuates LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The LPS-stimulated phosphorylations of the inhibitors of κB kinase (IKKs), Akt, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) are also inhibited by quercetin. Quercetin causes a significant reduction in the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of κBα (IκBα) and in the nuclear level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the latter being associated with decreased NF-κB binding activity. Most importantly, acute administration of quercetin reduces the lethality rate and circulating levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in C57BL/6J mice with endotoxemia induced by LPS, whereas chronic dietary supplementation with quercetin shows no inhibitory effect on serum TNF-α and IL-1β levels. These findings provide clues that quercetin may be a promising agent for the prevention of systemic inflammatory diseases such as sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Tsai
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Na Chiang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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