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Du C, Hu S, Li Y, Xu H, Qiao R, Guan Y, Zhang X. The NF-κB/FXR/TonEBP pathway protects renal medullary interstitial cells against hypertonic stress. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18409. [PMID: 38769917 PMCID: PMC11106643 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a ligand-activated transcription factor, plays an important role in maintaining water homeostasis by up-regulating aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression in renal medullary collecting ducts; however, its role in the survival of renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) under hypertonic conditions remains unclear. We cultured primary mouse RMICs and found that the FXR was expressed constitutively in RMICs, and that its expression was significantly up-regulated at both mRNA and protein levels by hypertonic stress. Using luciferase and ChIP assays, we found a potential binding site of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) located in the FXR gene promoter which can be bound and activated by NF-κB. Moreover, hypertonic stress-induced cell death in RMICs was significantly attenuated by FXR activation but worsened by FXR inhibition. Furthermore, FXR increased the expression and nuclear translocation of hypertonicity-induced tonicity-responsive enhance-binding protein (TonEBP), the expressions of its downstream target gene sodium myo-inositol transporter (SMIT), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The present study demonstrates that the NF-κB/FXR/TonEBP pathway protects RMICs against hypertonic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Du
- Wuhu HospitalEast China Normal UniversityWuhuAnhuiChina
- Health Science CenterEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuyuan Hu
- Division of NephrologyAffiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsuChina
| | - Yaqing Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Hu Xu
- Health Science CenterEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rongfang Qiao
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianLiaoningChina
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Wuhu HospitalEast China Normal UniversityWuhuAnhuiChina
- Health Science CenterEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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Li Y, Chen Q, Sun HJ, Zhang JH, Liu X. The Active Ingredient Catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa Reduces Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats via the AMPK Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1761-1767. [PMID: 38645660 PMCID: PMC11032140 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s446318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a huge threat to population health globally, and more drugs need to be explored for treatment. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of active ingredient catalpol in Rehmannia glutinosa on reduces blood glucose in diabetic. Methods The T2DM model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, which were randomly grouped into diabetes model group, pioglitazone group, Rehmannia glutinosa group, catalpol high-dose group, catalpol low-dose group and normal control group.The intervention was continued for 28 d, and changes in body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were observed. Results Of all the drugs, pioglitazone had the most pronounced hypoglycemic effect, which began to decline after 2 weeks of treatment in the low-dose catalpol group and had no hypoglycemic effect in the high-dose catalpol group. Among them, Rehmannia glutinosa was able to increase serum triglyceride level, and pioglitazone effectively reduced total cholesterol level in rats. The low dose of catalpol decreased the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), while the high dose of catalpol increased the concentration of LDL. Conclusion As an active ingredient in Rehmannia glutinosa, catalpol has the potential to lower blood glucose and improve blood lipids in diabetes treatment, and its action may be achieved by regulating the adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, which provides a new idea for the development of new diabetes therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, the Fourth Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
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Du C, Xu H, Cao C, Cao J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Qiao R, Ming W, Li Y, Ren H, Cui X, Luan Z, Guan Y, Zhang X. Neutral amino acid transporter SLC38A2 protects renal medulla from hyperosmolarity-induced ferroptosis. eLife 2023; 12:80647. [PMID: 36722887 PMCID: PMC9949798 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolarity of the renal medulla is essential for urine concentration and water homeostasis. However, how renal medullary collecting duct (MCD) cells survive and function under harsh hyperosmotic stress remains unclear. Using RNA-Seq, we identified SLC38A2 as a novel osmoresponsive neutral amino acid transporter in MCD cells. Hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death in MCD cells occurred mainly via ferroptosis, and it was significantly attenuated by SLC38A2 overexpression but worsened by Slc38a2-gene deletion or silencing. Mechanistic studies revealed that the osmoprotective effect of SLC38A2 is dependent on the activation of mTORC1. Moreover, an in vivo study demonstrated that Slc38a2-knockout mice exhibited significantly increased medullary ferroptosis following water restriction. Collectively, these findings reveal that Slc38a2 is an important osmoresponsive gene in the renal medulla and provide novel insights into the critical role of SLC38A2 in protecting MCD cells from hyperosmolarity-induced ferroptosis via the mTORC1 signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Du
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic DiseasesDalianChina
- Health Science Center, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hu Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cong Cao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Jiahui Cao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Rongfang Qiao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wenhua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yaqing Li
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Huiwen Ren
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaohui Cui
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Zhilin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic DiseasesDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
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4
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Cen L, Xing F, Xu L, Cao Y. Potential Role of Gene Regulator NFAT5 in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6927429. [PMID: 33015193 PMCID: PMC7512074 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6927429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5), a Rel/nuclear factor- (NF-) κB family member, is the only known gene regulator of the mammalian adaptive response to osmotic stress. Exposure to elevated glucose increases the expression and nuclear translocation of NFAT5, as well as NFAT5-driven transcriptional activity in vivo and in vitro. Increased expression of NFAT5 is closely correlated with the progression of diabetes in patients. The distinct structure of NFAT5 governs its physiological and pathogenic roles, indicating its opposing functions. The ability of NFAT5 to maintain cell homeostasis and proliferation is impaired in patients with diabetes. NFAT5 promotes the formation of aldose reductase, pathogenesis of diabetic vascular complications, and insulin resistance. Additionally, NFAT5 activates inflammation at a very early stage of diabetes and induces persistent inflammation. Recent studies revealed that NFAT5 is an effective therapeutic target for diabetes. Here, we describe the current knowledge about NFAT5 and its relationship with diabetes, focusing on its diverse regulatory functions, and highlight the importance of this protein as a potential therapeutic target in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengling Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liying Xu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Youdian Rd. 54th, Hangzhou 310006, China
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Lee N, Kim D, Kim WU. Role of NFAT5 in the Immune System and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2019; 10:270. [PMID: 30873159 PMCID: PMC6401628 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT5), also known as a tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein, was originally identified as a key transcription factor involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis against hypertonic and hyperosmotic environments. Although NFAT5 has been expressed and studied in various types of hyperosmolar tissues, evidence has emerged that NFAT5 plays a role in the development and activation of immune cells, especially T cells and macrophages. The immune-regulatory function of NFAT5 is achieved by inducing different target genes and different signaling pathways in both tonicity-dependent and -independent manners. Particularly in response to hyperosmotic stress, NFAT5 induces the generation of pathogenic TH17 cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages, contributing to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Meanwhile, with tonicity-independent stimuli, including activation of the Toll-like receptors and inflammatory cytokines, NFAT5 also can be activated and promotes immune cell survival, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Moreover, under isotonic conditions, NFAT5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. This review describes the current knowledge of NFAT5, focusing on its immune-regulatory functions, and it highlights the importance of NFAT5 as a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeun Lee
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Center for Integrative Rheumatoid Transcriptomics and Dynamics, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Weiner ID. New insights into the molecular regulation of urine concentration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F184-5. [PMID: 27029426 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00161.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I David Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida College Of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; and Nephrology and Hypertension Section, Gainesville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
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7
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Zhou X. How do kinases contribute to tonicity-dependent regulation of the transcription factor NFAT5? World J Nephrol 2016; 5:20-32. [PMID: 26788461 PMCID: PMC4707165 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 plays a critical role in maintaining the renal functions. Its dis-regulation in the kidney leads to or is associated with certain renal diseases or disorders, most notably the urinary concentration defect. Hypertonicity, which the kidney medulla is normally exposed to, activates NFAT5 through phosphorylation of a signaling molecule or NFAT5 itself. Hypotonicity inhibits NFAT5 through a similar mechanism. More than a dozen of protein and lipid kinases have been identified to contribute to tonicity-dependent regulation of NFAT5. Hypertonicity activates NFAT5 by increasing its nuclear localization and transactivating activity in the early phase and protein abundance in the late phase. The known mechanism for inhibition of NFAT5 by hypotonicity is a decrease of nuclear NFAT5. The present article reviews the effect of each kinase on NFAT5 nuclear localization, transactivation and protein abundance, and the relationship among these kinases, if known. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus suppress immune reactions by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin-dependent activation of NFAT1. It is hoped that this review would stimulate the interest to seek explanations from the NFAT5 regulatory pathways for certain clinical presentations and to explore novel therapeutic approaches based on the pathways. On the basic science front, this review raises two interesting questions. The first one is how these kinases can specifically signal to NFAT5 in the context of hypertonicity or hypotonicity, because they also regulate other cellular activities and even opposite activities in some cases. The second one is why these many kinases, some of which might have redundant functions, are needed to regulate NFAT5 activity. This review reiterates the concept of signaling through cooperation. Cells need these kinases working in a coordinated way to provide the signaling specificity that is lacking in the individual one. Redundancy in regulation of NFAT5 is a critical strategy for cells to maintain robustness against hypertonic or hypotonic stress.
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Hofmann JW, Zhao X, De Cecco M, Peterson AL, Pagliaroli L, Manivannan J, Hubbard GB, Ikeno Y, Zhang Y, Feng B, Li X, Serre T, Qi W, Van Remmen H, Miller RA, Bath KG, de Cabo R, Xu H, Neretti N, Sedivy JM. Reduced expression of MYC increases longevity and enhances healthspan. Cell 2015; 160:477-88. [PMID: 25619689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
MYC is a highly pleiotropic transcription factor whose deregulation promotes cancer. In contrast, we find that Myc haploinsufficient (Myc(+/-)) mice exhibit increased lifespan. They show resistance to several age-associated pathologies, including osteoporosis, cardiac fibrosis, and immunosenescence. They also appear to be more active, with a higher metabolic rate and healthier lipid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis reveals a gene expression signature enriched for metabolic and immune processes. The ancestral role of MYC as a regulator of ribosome biogenesis is reflected in reduced protein translation, which is inversely correlated with longevity. We also observe changes in nutrient and energy sensing pathways, including reduced serum IGF-1, increased AMPK activity, and decreased AKT, TOR, and S6K activities. In contrast to observations in other longevity models, Myc(+/-) mice do not show improvements in stress management pathways. Our findings indicate that MYC activity has a significant impact on longevity and multiple aspects of mammalian healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Hofmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Xiaoai Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Marco De Cecco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Abigail L Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Luca Pagliaroli
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jayameenakshi Manivannan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Gene B Hubbard
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yuji Ikeno
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Bin Feng
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Xiaxi Li
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Thomas Serre
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Wenbo Qi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kevin G Bath
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 100, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Hallett Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Nicola Neretti
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - John M Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, the ASH Comprehensive Hypertension Center, The University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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