Relationship between motivational style and glycemic control in Jordanian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Global disability burden and its predictors among adult Nigerians living with Type-2 diabetes

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a public health issue associated with a high prevalence of disability. Studies on disability profile in terms of reduction in body structure and function, personal activities and societal participation, defined as ‘global disability’, are scarce among people living with T2DM in Nigeria.

Objectives

To assess the prevalence of global disability and its predictors among Nigerian living with T2DM.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of 162 patients diagnosed with T2DM and attending a tertiary health facility was performed for global disability measure and function. Their clinical and socio-demographic data were obtained. Poisson regression analysis was applied to assess the predicting factors of disability.

Results

A mean global disability score of 22.1 was reported among the participants, varying from moderate to high in each item. About 25.0% had mild disability, while 60.5% reported moderate to severe disability. Elevated glycosylated haemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, age, disease duration and marital status predicted disability. A unit increase in HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and 1 month increase in DM duration had more disability reported estimates [1.062 (CI=1.050–1.075), 1.005 (CI=1.002–1.007) and 1.001 (CI=1.000–1.002) times, respectively]. Married participants were 1.13 (CI=1.02–1.23) times more likely to be disabled than unmarried.

Conclusions

There is mild to moderate burden and risk of global disability among Nigerian living with T2DM. Age, DM duration, marital status, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and systolic hypertension significantly predicted disability.

Funding

None declared

Factors associated with subsequent diabetes-related self-care activities: The role of social support and optimism

Aim

This study aimed to explore how social support (external factor), optimism (internal factor) and their interaction associated with diabetes-related self-care activities (DRSCA) over 3 months among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Design

Both questionnaire-based and telephone-based survey were used. The data were collected face to face, the first time by questionnaire and the second time by telephone.

Methods

One hundred and fifty-five patients completed valid survey questionnaires (response rate was about 70% in the first and 62% in the second round). The association of social support and optimism with subsequent DRSCA was examined after adjusting for demographics and disease information.

Results

Based on results, optimism was significantly associated with subsequent DRSCA. In the dimensions of social support, objective social support and support use were significantly associated with subsequent DRSCA. The results showed that the mediation of optimism between the dimensions of social support and DRSCA was not significant after controlling for covariates. The results also indicated that social support and optimism played directly an important role in improving diabetes-related self-care activities.

The association of diabetes-related self-care activities with perceived stress, anxiety, and fatigue: a cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

Many people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) do not sustain sufficient diabetes-related self-care activities (DRSCA) in their daily lives. To provide additional information about the positive influence of DRSCA, this study was conducted to examine whether DRSCA were associated with reduced perceived stress, anxiety, and fatigue among people with T2DM and to explore the level of DRSCA, perceived stress, anxiety, and fatigue and their association with background information.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study was a cross-sectional survey including 251 participants aged 18 years and older recruited from two hospitals in the eastern part of China. The study utilized self-report questionnaires that consisted of background information, DRSCA, perceived stress, anxiety, and fatigue. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the association of DRSCA with perceived stress, anxiety, and fatigue while adjusting for background information.

RESULTS

The results indicated that the level of self-care activities, stress, and fatigue was around middle level. The prevalence of anxiety was 19%. A high level of DRSCA was likely to reduce perceived stress but was not linked to anxiety and fatigue. Women were more susceptible to stress and anxiety, and people who had diabetes for >5 years were more likely to have anxiety. The background information included diabetes duration, standardized diabetes education, and high social support, all of which are factors that may influence DRSCA.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that improving the level of DRSCA might effectively reduce perceived stress. The potential benefits of DRSCA can provide both motivational and evaluative data for self-care programs. In addition, the findings show that DRSCA were not linked to anxiety and fatigue, which implies that their positive influence on anxiety and fatigue may be offset by the load of frequent DRSCA. It is suggested that helping patients to make tailored plans to integrate DRSCA into their daily lives is needed. Meanwhile, in the background information, it is suggested that standardized diabetes education and high social support can benefit DRSCA; in improving psychological health, more attention should be paid to women and patients with diabetes duration <5 years.