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Fancourt HS, Vrancic S, Neeman T, Phipps M, Perriman DM. Serious cycling-related fractures in on and off-road accidents: A retrospective analysis in the Australian Capital Territory region. Injury 2022; 53:3233-3239. [PMID: 35879131 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cycling is an increasingly popular activity which is widely supported by health advocates. In the last year, more than a third of Australians used a bike [1]. While road cycling remains popular, participation in off-road recreational cycling, including mountain biking, bicycle moto cross (BMX) riding, and outdoor leisure cycling, is increasing and this is associated with an increase in the number and cost of cycling injuries [2-5]. The aim of this study was to describe and compare contemporary patterns of cycling fracture requiring hospitalisation as a function of cycling mode in the Australian Capital Territory region. This retrospective analysis of cycling-related-fracture hospitalisations in the ACT region described data recorded between July 2012 and December 2019. Logistic regression models were used to calculate probabilities of sustaining a fracture at different sites for each of the cycling modes (on-road, mountain, BMX, leisure, unspecified). These likelihoods were then compared against the on-road fracture profile. Cycling-related-fracture hospitalisations increased by 32% in the seven years analysed. Of all fracture admissions, 442 (33%) were on-road, 658 (49%) off-road, and 242 (18%) unknown. The majority were male (79%), median age 37 (IQR 16, 52). Median length of stay was two days. The number of fractures per admission ranged from one to thirteen with a median of one. Wrist, clavicle, ribs, and skull were the four most frequent fracture sites for all cycling modes. Fracture profiles of on- and off-road accidents were similar, with the exception of wrist fractures which were more likely in off-road (OR 1.96, p < 0.01) and unspecified cycling accidents (OR 5.07, p < 0.01). Skull fractures comprised 19% of all BMX-related fractures. More than half of all fracture-related admissions required surgery. With increasing support for sustainable and healthy transport and recreation activities, the fracture profiles of different cycling modes must first be assessed in order to inform strategies to reduce and manage this injury burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Sm Fancourt
- Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University. Building 4, The Canberra Hospital, Hospital Road, Garran, ACT, Australia 2605.
| | - Sindy Vrancic
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Canberra Health Services. Building 6, Level 1, The Canberra Hospital, PO Box 11, Woden, ACT, Australia 2606
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Biological Data Science Institute, Australian National University. 46 Sullivans Creek Rd, Acton, ACT, Australia 2601
| | - Michael Phipps
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Canberra Health Services. Building 6, Level 1, The Canberra Hospital, PO Box 11, Woden, ACT, Australia 2606
| | - Diana M Perriman
- Medical School, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University. Building 4, The Canberra Hospital, Hospital Road, Garran, ACT, Australia 2605; Trauma and Orthopaedic Research Unit, Canberra Health Services. Building 6, Level 1, The Canberra Hospital, PO Box 11, Woden, ACT, Australia 2606
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Banstola A, Kigozi J, Barton P, Mytton J. Economic Burden of Road Traffic Injuries in Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124571. [PMID: 32630384 PMCID: PMC7345187 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The evidence of the economic burden of road traffic injuries (RTIs) in Nepal is limited. The most recent study, conducted in 2008, is now considered outdated because there has been a rapid increase in vehicle numbers and extensive road building over the last decade. This study estimated the current economic costs of RTIs in Nepal, including the direct costs, productivity costs, and valuation of pain, grief, and suffering. An incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis was conducted from a societal perspective, employing a bottom-up approach using secondary data. All costs incurred by the patients, their family members, and costs to society were estimated, with sensitivity analyses to consider uncertainty around the data estimates available. Productivity loss was valued using the human capital approach. The total costs of RTIs in 2017 were estimated at USD 122.88 million. Of these, the costs of productivity loss were USD 91.57 million (74.52%) and the pain, grief, and suffering costs were USD 18.31 million (14.90%). The direct non-medical costs were USD 11.50 million (9.36%) whereas the direct medical costs were USD 1.50 million (1.22%). The economic costs of RTIs increased by threefold since 2007 and are equivalent to 1.52% of the gross national product, indicating the growing national financial burden associated with preventable RTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Banstola
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.K.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jesse Kigozi
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Pelham Barton
- Health Economics Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.K.); (P.B.)
| | - Julie Mytton
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
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