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Sinaiko G, Cao Y, Dietrich CH. Phylogenomics of the leafhopper genus Neoaliturus Distant, 1918 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) reveals genetically divergent lineages in the invasive beet leafhopper. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108071. [PMID: 38579933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Phylogenomic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of 398 nuclear gene loci for 67 representatives of the leafhopper genus Neoaliturus yielded well-resolved estimates of relationships among species of the genus. Subgenus Neoaliturus (Neoaliturus) is consistently paraphyletic with respect to Neoaliturus (Circulifer). The analysis revealed the presence of at least ten genetically divergent clades among specimens consistent with the previous morphology-based definition of the leafhopper genus "Circulifer" which includes three previously recognized "species complexes." Specimens of the American beet leafhopper, N. tenellus (Baker), collected from the southwestern USA consistently group with one of these clades, comprising specimens from the eastern Mediterranean. Some of the remaining lineages are consistent with ecological differences previously observed among eastern Mediterranean populations and suggest that N. tenellus, as previously defined, comprises multiple monophyletic species, distinguishable by slight morphological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sinaiko
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Yanghui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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2
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Bergmann T. CAOS-R: Character-Based Barcoding. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2744:347-357. [PMID: 38683330 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3581-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
CAOS-Barcoding is a culmination of traditional taxonomy and modern DNA barcoding. CAOS identifies taxa by diagnostic characters as is done in traditional taxonomy and produces an identification matrix for taxon discrimination similar to DNA barcoding distance matrices. Here, I describe how to set up the CAOS-Barcoder and CAOS-Classifier software, which input data is needed, and how to interpret the output data. With the CAOS-Barcoder, single marker or concatenated data can be processed into diagnostic barcodes for taxon discrimination. The CAOS-Classifier can use the diagnostic barcodes for specimen identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjard Bergmann
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Jiang B, Zhang J, Bai X, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Yu G, He S, Sun Y, Mikolajewski DJ. Genetic variation and population structure of a widely distributed damselfly (Ischnura senegalensis). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:1-14. [PMID: 37032456 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ischnura senegalensis Rambur, 1842 is among the most widespread damselfly species in the world. Unlike dragonflies with strong migration abilities, I. senegalensis have limited dispersing abilities. Gene flow among I. senegalensis populations may be greatly influenced by anthropogenic disturbance, fragmented suitable habitats, sea straits, or even global warming. In this study, to investigate the genetic diversity of I. senegalensis populations, we sequenced and collected 498 cytochrome oxidase I sequences across the Old World. Haplotype network analysis showed 51 haplotypes and I. senegalensis could be grouped into four regions (Afrotropical region, Oriental region, main Islands of Japan, and the Ryukyu Islands), each of which contains different dominant haplotypes. Based on molecular variance analysis, we found that populations from the Afrotropical region have quite a low gene flow with the Asian populations (except Yemen). Furthermore, rice cultivation may aid the dispersion of I. senegalensis in the oriental region. Populations from the Ryukyu Islands show the highest genetic diversity, which may be due to the geological separation among islands. Our results prove that I. senegalensis has great genetic diversity among different populations across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xinrui Bai
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jia Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shulin He
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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4
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Geiger M, Koblmüller S, Assandri G, Chovanec A, Ekrem T, Fischer I, Galimberti A, Grabowski M, Haring E, Hausmann A, Hendrich L, Koch S, Mamos T, Rothe U, Rulik B, Rewicz T, Sittenthaler M, Stur E, Tończyk G, Zangl L, Moriniere J. Coverage and quality of DNA barcode references for Central and Northern European Odonata. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11192. [PMID: 33986985 PMCID: PMC8101477 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata) are important components in biomonitoring due to their amphibiotic lifecycle and specific habitat requirements. They are charismatic and popular insects, but can be challenging to identify despite large size and often distinct coloration, especially the immature stages. DNA-based assessment tools rely on validated DNA barcode reference libraries evaluated in a supraregional context to minimize taxonomic incongruence and identification mismatches. Methods This study reports on findings from the analysis of the most comprehensive DNA barcode dataset for Central European Odonata to date, with 103 out of 145 recorded European species included and publicly deposited in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD). The complete dataset includes 697 specimens (548 adults, 108 larvae) from 274 localities in 16 countries with a geographic emphasis on Central Europe. We used BOLD to generate sequence divergence metrics and to examine the taxonomic composition of the DNA barcode clusters within the dataset and in comparison with all data on BOLD. Results Over 88% of the species included can be readily identified using their DNA barcodes and the reference dataset provided. Considering the complete European dataset, unambiguous identification is hampered in 12 species due to weak mitochondrial differentiation and partial haplotype sharing. However, considering the known species distributions only two groups of five species possibly co-occur, leading to an unambiguous identification of more than 95% of the analysed Odonata via DNA barcoding in real applications. The cases of small interspecific genetic distances and the observed deep intraspecific variation in Cordulia aenea (Linnaeus, 1758) are discussed in detail and the corresponding taxa in the public reference database are highlighted. They should be considered in future applications of DNA barcoding and metabarcoding and represent interesting evolutionary biological questions, which call for in depth analyses of the involved taxa throughout their distribution ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Geiger
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) - Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Giacomo Assandri
- Area per l'Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Andreas Chovanec
- Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Regions and Tourism, Vienna, Austria
| | - Torbjørn Ekrem
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Iris Fischer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, ZooPlantLab, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michał Grabowski
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, BY, Germany
| | - Lars Hendrich
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung, München, BY, Germany
| | - Stefan Koch
- Independent Researcher, Mindelheim, BY, Germany
| | - Tomasz Mamos
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Udo Rothe
- Naturkundemuseum Potsdam, Potsdam, BB, Germany
| | - Björn Rulik
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK) - Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tomasz Rewicz
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcia Sittenthaler
- Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Stur
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Grzegorz Tończyk
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Lukas Zangl
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Graz, Steiermark, Austria.,ÖKOTEAM - Institute for Animal Ecology and Landscape Planning, Graz, Steiermark, Austria.,Universalmuseum Joanneum, Studienzentrum Naturkunde, Graz, Steiermark, Austria
| | - Jerome Moriniere
- AIM - Advanced Identification Methods GmbH, Leipzig, SN, Germany
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5
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González MT, Leiva NV, Sepúlveda F, Asencio G, Baeza JA. Genetic homogeneity coupled with morphometric variability suggests high phenotypic plasticity in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000), infecting farmed salmon (Salmo salar) along a wide latitudinal range in southern Chile. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:633-638. [PMID: 33484476 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi is the most important pathogen causing "caligidosis" in the Chilean salmon industry. In this study, using cox1 gene, we evaluate the genetic variation of C. rogercresseyi from farmed Salmo salar along a latitudinal range (40°-52°S) in south Chile to determine whether morphological differences are explained by genetic or environmental factors. Female parasites were randomly collected from S. salar at five farms. Body variation was examined using multivariate analyses and genetic heterogeneity was explored with AMOVA. C. rogercresseyi exhibited significant morphometric variability among sites and parasites collected from >54°S were the longest ones. Parasites did not show genetic structure among farms. Thus, C. rogercresseyi infesting salmons is panmictic along an extensive latitudinal range in south Chile. The same genetic pattern can be explained by the frequent movement of parasitized S. salar among farms in that region. Phenotypic plasticity in parasites could be explained by natural or aquaculture-mediated environment variability. C. rogercreseyi from 54°S could favor the local spread of this disease, suggesting an immediate health risk for the recent salmon industry in that region. Further research is required to confirm genetic homogeneity of this parasite along its geographical distribution using more powerful markers (e.g. SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa González
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales "Alexander von Humboldt", Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Natalia Verónica Leiva
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales "Alexander von Humboldt", Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Fabiola Sepúlveda
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales "Alexander von Humboldt", Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gladys Asencio
- Centro i-mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Baeza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
- Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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6
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Chakraborty C, Sharma AR, Sharma G, Bhattacharya M, Patra BC, Sarkar BK, Banerjee S, Banerjee K, Lee SS. Understanding the molecular evolution of tiger diversity through DNA barcoding marker ND4 and NADH dehydrogenase complex using computational biology. Genes Genomics 2021; 43:759-773. [PMID: 33884571 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-021-01089-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, Tigers (the top predator of an ecosystem) are on the list of endangered species. Thus the need is to understand the tiger's population genomics to design their conservation strategies. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the molecular evolution of tiger diversity using NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4), a significant electron transport chain component. METHODS We have analyzed nucleotide composition and distribution pattern of ND genes, molecular evolution, evolutionary conservation pattern and conserved blocks of NADH, phylogenomics of ND4, and estimating species divergence, etc., using different bioinformatics tools and software, and MATLAB programming and computing environment. RESULTS The nucleotide composition and distribution pattern of ND genes in the tiger genome demonstrated an increase in the number of adenine (A) and a lower trend of A+T content in some place of the distribution analysis. However, the observed distributions were not significant (P > 0.05). Evolutionary conservation analysis showed three highly align blocks (186 to 198, 406 to 416, and 527 to 545). On mapping the molecular evolution of ND4 among model species (n = 30), we observed its presence in a broader range of species. ND4 based molecular evolution of tiger diversity and time divergence for a tiger (20 different other species) shows that genus Panthera originated more or less at a similar time. CONCLUSIONS The nucleotide composition and nucleotide distribution pattern of tiger ND genes showed the evolutionary pattern and origin of tiger and Panthera lineage concerning the molecular clock, which will help to understand their adaptive evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Institute For Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, North, 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India.
| | - Ashish Ranjan Sharma
- Institute For Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Republic of Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Manojit Bhattacharya
- Institute For Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Republic of Korea
| | - Bidhan C Patra
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
| | - Bimal Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Adamas University, North, 24 Parganas, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Saptarshi Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kankana Banerjee
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute For Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University-Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, 200704, Republic of Korea. .,Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Hospital-College of Medicine, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Maggioni D, Assandri G, Ramazzotti F, Magnani D, Pellegrino I, Valsecchi E, Galimberti A. Differential genetic variability at two mtDNA COI regions does not imply mismatches in Odonata molecular identification performances. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1896795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Maggioni
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano - Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - G. Assandri
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - F. Ramazzotti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Magnani
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - I. Pellegrino
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - E. Valsecchi
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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8
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Galimberti A, Assandri G, Maggioni D, Ramazzotti F, Baroni D, Bazzi G, Chiandetti I, Corso A, Ferri V, Galuppi M, Ilahiane L, La Porta G, Laddaga L, Landi F, Mastropasqua F, Ramellini S, Santinelli R, Soldato G, Surdo S, Casiraghi M. Italian odonates in the Pandora's box: A comprehensive DNA barcoding inventory shows taxonomic warnings at the Holarctic scale. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 21:183-200. [PMID: 32755053 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Odonata are considered among the most endangered freshwater faunal taxa. Their DNA-based monitoring relies on validated reference data sets that are often lacking or do not cover important biogeographical centres of diversification. This study presents the results of a DNA barcoding campaign on Odonata, based on the standard 658-bp 5' end region of the mitochondrial COI gene, involving the collection of 812 specimens (409 of which barcoded) from peninsular Italy and its main islands (328 localities), belonging to all the 88 species (31 Zygoptera and 57 Anisoptera) known from the country. Additional BOLD and GenBank data from Holarctic samples expanded the data set to 1,294 DNA barcodes. A multi-approach species delimitation analysis involving two distance (OT and ABGD) and four tree-based (PTP, MPTP, GMYC and bGMYC) methods was used to explore these data. Of the 88 investigated morphospecies, 75 (85%) unequivocally corresponded to distinct molecular operational units, whereas the remaining ones were classified as 'warnings' (i.e. showing a mismatch between morphospecies assignment and DNA-based species delimitation). These results are in contrast with other DNA barcoding studies on Odonata showing up to 95% of identification success. The species causing warnings were grouped into three categories depending on if they showed low, high or mixed genetic divergence patterns. The analysis of haplotype networks revealed unexpected intraspecific complexity at the Italian, Palearctic and Holarctic scale, possibly indicating the occurrence of cryptic species. Overall, this study provides new insights into the taxonomy of odonates and a valuable basis for future DNA and eDNA-based monitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Assandri
- Area per l'Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Maggioni
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano - Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - Fausto Ramazzotti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Baroni
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Ferri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 2 - Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luca Ilahiane
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Gianandrea La Porta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology (DCBB), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Laddaga
- Società di Scienze Naturali del Verbano Cusio Ossola, Natural Science Museum Collegio Mellerio Rosmini, Domodossola, Italy
| | | | | | - Samuele Ramellini
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Policies, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Salvatore Surdo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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9
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Akankunda T, To H, Rodriguez Lopez C, Leijs R, Hogendoorn K. A method to generate multilocus barcodes of pinned insect specimens using MiSeq. Mol Ecol Resour 2020; 20. [PMID: 32104992 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
For molecular insect identification, amplicon sequencing methods are recommended because they offer a cost-effective approach for targeting small sets of informative genes from multiple samples. In this context, high-throughput multilocus amplicon sequencing has been achieved using the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. However, this approach generates short gene fragments of <500 bp, which then have to be overlapped using bioinformatics to achieve longer sequence lengths. This increases the risk of generating chimeric sequences or leads to the formation of incomplete loci. Here, we propose a modified nested amplicon sequencing method for targeting multiple loci from pinned insect specimens using the MiSeq Illumina platform. The modification exists in using a three-step nested PCR approach targeting near full-length loci in the initial PCR and subsequently amplifying short fragments of between 300 and 350 bp for high-throughput sequencing using Illumina chemistry. Using this method, we generated 407 sequences of three loci from 86% of all the specimens sequenced. Out of 103 pinned bee specimens of replicated species, 71% passed the 95% sequence similarity threshold between species replicates. This method worked best for pinned specimens aged between 0 and 5 years, with a limit of 10 years for pinned and 14 years for ethanol-preserved specimens. Hence, our method overcomes some of the challenges of amplicon sequencing using short read next generation sequencing and improves the possibility of creating high-quality multilocus barcodes from insect collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trace Akankunda
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hien To
- The Bioinformatics Hub, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Carlos Rodriguez Lopez
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Environmental Epigenetics and Genetics Group, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Remko Leijs
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Katja Hogendoorn
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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10
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Toussaint EFA, Bybee SM, Erickson RJ, Condamine FL. Forest giants on different evolutionary branches: Ecomorphological convergence in helicopter damselflies*. Evolution 2019; 73:1045-1054. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth M. Bybee
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean MuseumBrigham Young University Provo Utah 84602
| | - Robert J. Erickson
- Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean MuseumBrigham Young University Provo Utah 84602
| | - Fabien L. Condamine
- CNRS, UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier/CNRS/IRD/EPHE)Place Eugène Bataillon 34095 Montpellier France
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11
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The Octocorals of Dongsha Atoll (South China Sea): An Iterative Approach to Species Identification Using Classical Taxonomy and Molecular Barcodes. Zool Stud 2018; 57:e50. [PMID: 31966290 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2018.57-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Yehuda Benayahu, Leendert Pieter van Ofwegen, Chang-feng Dai, Ming-Shiou Jeng, Keryea Soong, Alex Shlagman, Samuel W. Du, Prudence Hong, Nimrah H. Imam, Alice Chung, Tiana Wu, and Catherine S. McFadden (2018) Surveys of octocorals from Dongsha Atoll, Taiwan were conducted during 2011, 2013 and 2015 by SCUBA at a depth range of 6-25 m. The collections yielded ~540 specimens, encompassing the variety of taxa occurring in the explored sites; estimates of their abundances were also recorded. Dongsha features a highly diverse octocoral fauna, and octocorals are the dominant benthic organisms in the surveyed reef sites, often covering the majority of the hard substratum. Specimens were identified to the genus and species levels based on an iterative approach that integrates classical taxonomy with character-based molecular barcodes. A total of 51 nominal species representing 20 genera belonging to seven families were recorded, plus ~30 colonies that could only be assigned to a genus. Members of the family Alcyoniidae were the most abundant and diverse taxa, with 27 nominal species plus at least one potentially new, undescribed species of Sinularia, and 5-7 species each of Cladiella, Lobophytum and Sarcophyton. Problems with the taxonomic identification and phylogenetic relationships of species in these genera are discussed. The peculiarity of the Dongsha octocoral species composition is noted, and the composition is also compared to the other Taiwanese reef systems.
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DNA barcoding for molecular identification of Demodex based on mitochondrial genes. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:3285-3290. [PMID: 29032499 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
There has been no widely accepted DNA barcode for species identification of Demodex. In this study, we attempted to solve this issue. First, mitochondrial cox1-5' and 12S gene fragments of Demodex folloculorum, D. brevis, D. canis, and D. caprae were amplified, cloned, and sequenced for the first time; intra/interspecific divergences were computed and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed. Then, divergence frequency distribution plots of those two gene fragments were drawn together with mtDNA cox1-middle region and 16S obtained in previous studies. Finally, their identification efficiency was evaluated by comparing barcoding gap. Results indicated that 12S had the higher identification efficiency. Specifically, for cox1-5' region of the four Demodex species, intraspecific divergences were less than 2.0%, and interspecific divergences were 21.1-31.0%; for 12S, intraspecific divergences were less than 1.4%, and interspecific divergences were 20.8-26.9%. The phylogenetic trees demonstrated that the four Demodex species clustered separately, and divergence frequency distribution plot showed that the largest intraspecific divergence of 12S (1.4%) was less than cox1-5' region (2.0%), cox1-middle region (3.1%), and 16S (2.8%). The barcoding gap of 12S was 19.4%, larger than cox1-5' region (19.1%), cox1-middle region (11.3%), and 16S (13.0%); the interspecific divergence span of 12S was 6.2%, smaller than cox1-5' region (10.0%), cox1-middle region (14.1%), and 16S (11.4%). Moreover, 12S has a moderate length (517 bp) for sequencing at once. Therefore, we proposed mtDNA 12S was more suitable than cox1 and 16S to be a DNA barcode for classification and identification of Demodex at lower category level.
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13
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Barcoding Atlantic Canada's mesopelagic and upper bathypelagic marine fishes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185173. [PMID: 28931082 PMCID: PMC5607201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcode sequences were developed from 557 mesopelagic and upper bathypelagic teleost specimens collected in waters off Atlantic Canada. Confident morphological identifications were available for 366 specimens, of 118 species and 93 genera, which yielded 328 haplotypes. Five of the species were novel to the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). Most of the 118 species conformed to expectations of monophyly and the presence of a “barcode gap”, though some known weaknesses in existing taxonomy were confirmed and a deficiency in published keys was revealed. Of the specimens for which no firm morphological identification was available, 156 were successfully identified to species, and a further 11 to genus, using their barcode sequences and a combination of distance- and character-based methods. The remaining 24 specimens were from species for which no reference barcode is yet available or else ones confused by apparent misidentification of publicly available sequences in BOLD. Addition of the new sequences to those previously in BOLD contributed support to recent taxonomic revisions of Chiasmodon and Poromitra, while it also revealed 18 cases of potential cryptic speciation. Most of the latter appear to result from genetic divergence among populations in different ocean basins, while the general lack of strong horizontal environmental gradients within the deep sea has allowed morphology to be conserved. Other examples of divergence appear to distinguish individuals living under the sub-tropical gyre of the North Atlantic from those under that ocean’s sub-polar gyre. In contrast, the available sequences for two myctophid species, Benthosema glaciale and Notoscopelus elongatus, showed genetic structuring on finer geographic scales. The observed structure was not consistent with recent suggestions that “resident” populations of myctophids can maintain allopatry despite the mixing of ocean waters. Rather, it indicates that the very rapid speciation characteristic of the Myctophidae is both on-going and detectable using barcodes.
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Koroiva R, Pepinelli M, Rodrigues ME, Roque FDO, Lorenz-Lemke AP, Kvist S. DNA barcoding of odonates from the Upper Plata basin: Database creation and genetic diversity estimation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182283. [PMID: 28763495 PMCID: PMC5538745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a DNA barcoding study of Neotropical odonates from the Upper Plata basin, Brazil. A total of 38 species were collected in a transition region of "Cerrado" and Atlantic Forest, both regarded as biological hotspots, and 130 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes were generated for the collected specimens. The distinct gap between intraspecific (0-2%) and interspecific variation (15% and above) in COI, and resulting separation of Barcode Index Numbers (BIN), allowed for successful identification of specimens in 94% of cases. The 6% fail rate was due to a shared BIN between two separate nominal species. DNA barcoding, based on COI, thus seems to be a reliable and efficient tool for identifying Neotropical odonate specimens down to the species level. These results underscore the utility of DNA barcoding to aid specimen identification in diverse biological hotspots, areas that require urgent action regarding taxonomic surveys and biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Koroiva
- Ecology and Conservation Graduate Program, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mateus Pepinelli
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marciel Elio Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Organismos Aquáticos, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Oliveira Roque
- Laboratório de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Pedroso Lorenz-Lemke
- Laboratório de Evolução e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Long-term genetic monitoring of a riverine dragonfly, Orthetrum coerulescens (Odonata: Libellulidae]: Direct anthropogenic impact versus climate change effects. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178014. [PMID: 28552975 PMCID: PMC5446129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern conservationists call for long term genetic monitoring datasets to evaluate and understand the impact of human activities on natural ecosystems and species on a global but also local scale. However, long-term monitoring datasets are still rare but in high demand to correctly identify, evaluate and respond to environmental changes. In the presented study, a population of the riverine dragonfly, Orthetrum coerulescens (Odonata: Libellulidae), was monitored over a time period from 1989 to 2013. Study site was an artificial irrigation ditch in one of the last European stone steppes and “nature heritage”, the Crau in Southern France. This artificial riverine habitat has an unusual high diversity of odonate species, prominent indicators for evaluating freshwater habitats. A clearing of the canal and destruction of the bank vegetation in 1996 was assumed to have great negative impact on the odonate larval and adult populations. Two mitochondrial markers (CO1 & ND1) and a panel of nuclear microsatellite loci were used to assess the genetic diversity. Over time they revealed a dramatic decline in diversity parameters between the years 2004 and 2007, however not between 1996 and 1997. From 2007 onwards the population shows a stabilizing trend but has not reached the amount of genetic variation found at the beginning of this survey. This decline cannot be referred to the clearing of the canal or any other direct anthropogenic impact. Instead, it is most likely that the populations’ decay was due to by extreme weather conditions during the specific years. A severe drought was recorded for the summer months of these years, leading to reduced water levels in the canal causing also other water parameters to change, and therefore impacting temperature sensitive riverine habitat specialists like the O. coerulescens in a significant way. The data provide important insights into population genetic dynamics and metrics not always congruent with traditional monitoring data (e.g. abundance); a fact that should be regarded with caution when management plans for developed landscapes are designed.
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Rach J, Bergmann T, Paknia O, DeSalle R, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. The marker choice: Unexpected resolving power of an unexplored CO1 region for layered DNA barcoding approaches. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174842. [PMID: 28406914 PMCID: PMC5390999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of DNA barcoding approaches to identify single species and characterize species compositions strongly depends on the marker choice. The prominent “Folmer region”, a 648 basepair fragment at the 5’ end of the mitochondrial CO1 gene, has been traditionally applied as a universal DNA barcoding region for metazoans. In order to find a suitable marker for biomonitoring odonates (dragonflies and damselflies), we here explore a new region of the CO1 gene (CO1B) for DNA barcoding in 51 populations of 23 dragonfly and damselfly species. We compare the “Folmer region”, the mitochondrial ND1 gene (NADH dehydrogenase 1) and the new CO1 region with regard to (i) speed and reproducibility of sequence generation, (ii) levels of homoplasy and (iii) numbers of diagnostic characters for discriminating closely related sister taxa and populations. The performances of the gene regions regarding these criteria were quite different. Both, the amplification of CO1B and ND1 was highly reproducible and CO1B showed the highest potential for discriminating sister taxa at different taxonomic levels. In contrast, the amplification of the “Folmer region” using the universal primers was difficult and the third codon positions of this fragment have experienced nucleotide substitution saturation. Most important, exploring this new barcode region of the CO1 gene identified a higher discriminating power between closely related sister taxa. Together with the design of layered barcode approaches adapted to the specific taxonomic “environment”, this new marker will further enhance the discrimination power at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rach
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, D-30559, Germany
| | - Tjard Bergmann
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, D-30559, Germany
| | - Omid Paknia
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, D-30559, Germany
| | - Rob DeSalle
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, D-30559, Germany
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
| | - Heike Hadrys
- ITZ, Ecology & Evolution, TiHo Hannover, Hannover, D-30559, Germany
- Sackler Institute of Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Herzog R, Osigus H, Feindt W, Schierwater B, Hadrys H. The complete mitochondrial genome of the emperor dragonfly Anax imperator LEACH, 1815 (Odonata : Aeshnidae) via NGS sequencing. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2016; 1:783-786. [PMID: 33473626 PMCID: PMC7799497 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2016.1186523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the complete mitochondrial genome of the emperor dragonfly, Anax imperator (Odonata: Aeshnidae) as the first of its genus. Data were generated via next generation sequencing (NGS) and assembled using an iterative approach. The typical metazoan set of 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes) was detected in the same gene order as in other odonate mitogenomes. However, only three intergenic spacer regions are present in A. imperator lacking the distinct s5 spacer, which was regarded as informative feature of the odonate suborder Anisoptera (dragonflies) but absent in Zygoptera (damselflies). With 16,087 bp, it is the longest anisopteran mitogenome to date, mainly due to the long A + T-rich control region of 1291 bp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Herzog
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, ITZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans − Jürgen Osigus
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, ITZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke Feindt
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, ITZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bernd Schierwater
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, ITZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- EEB, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heike Hadrys
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, ITZ, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- EEB, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Liu XF, Yang CH, Han HL, Ward RD, Zhang AB. Identifying species of moths (Lepidoptera) from Baihua Mountain, Beijing, China, using DNA barcodes. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2472-87. [PMID: 25360280 PMCID: PMC4203292 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding has become a promising means for the identification of organisms of all life-history stages. Currently, distance-based and tree-based methods are most widely used to define species boundaries and uncover cryptic species. However, there is no universal threshold of genetic distance values that can be used to distinguish taxonomic groups. Alternatively, DNA barcoding can deploy a "character-based" method, whereby species are identified through the discrete nucleotide substitutions. Our research focuses on the delimitation of moth species using DNA-barcoding methods. We analyzed 393 Lepidopteran specimens belonging to 80 morphologically recognized species with a standard cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequencing approach, and deployed tree-based, distance-based, and diagnostic character-based methods to identify the taxa. The tree-based method divided the 393 specimens into 79 taxa (species), and the distance-based method divided them into 84 taxa (species). Although the diagnostic character-based method found only 39 so-identifiable species in the 80 species, with a reduction in sample size the accuracy rate substantially improved. For example, in the Arctiidae subset, all 12 species had diagnostics characteristics. Compared with traditional morphological method, molecular taxonomy performed well. All three methods enable the rapid delimitation of species, although they have different characteristics and different strengths. The tree-based and distance-based methods can be used for accurate species identification and biodiversity studies in large data sets, while the character-based method performs well in small data sets and can also be used as the foundation of species-specific biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao F Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, 100048, China
| | - Cong H Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, 100048, China
| | - Hui L Han
- School of Forestry, Experiment Center, Northeast Forestry UniversityHaerbin, 150040, China
| | - Robert D Ward
- Wealth from Oceans Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric ResearchGPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Ai-bing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal UniversityBeijing, 100048, China
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Nagy ZT, Sonet G, Mortelmans J, Vandewynkel C, Grootaert P. Using DNA barcodes for assessing diversity in the family Hybotidae (Diptera, Empidoidea). Zookeys 2013:263-78. [PMID: 24453562 PMCID: PMC3890682 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.365.6070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Empidoidea is one of the largest extant lineages of flies, but phylogenetic relationships among species of this group are poorly investigated and global diversity remains scarcely assessed. In this context, one of the most enigmatic empidoid families is Hybotidae. Within the framework of a pilot study, we barcoded 339 specimens of Old World hybotids belonging to 164 species and 22 genera (plus two Empis as outgroups) and attempted to evaluate whether patterns of intra- and interspecific divergences match the current taxonomy. We used a large sampling of diverse Hybotidae. The material came from the Palaearctic (Belgium, France, Portugal and Russian Caucasus), the Afrotropic (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and the Oriental realms (Singapore and Thailand). Thereby, we optimized lab protocols for barcoding hybotids. Although DNA barcodes generally well distinguished recognized taxa, the study also revealed a number of unexpected phenomena: e.g., undescribed taxa found within morphologically very similar or identical specimens, especially when geographic distance was large; some morphologically distinct species showed no genetic divergence; or different pattern of intraspecific divergence between populations or closely related species. Using COI sequences and simple Neighbour-Joining tree reconstructions, the monophyly of many species- and genus-level taxa was well supported, but more inclusive taxonomical levels did not receive significant bootstrap support. We conclude that in hybotids DNA barcoding might be well used to identify species, when two main constraints are considered. First, incomplete barcoding libraries hinder efficient (correct) identification. Therefore, extra efforts are needed to increase the representation of hybotids in these databases. Second, the spatial scale of sampling has to be taken into account, and especially for widespread species or species complexes with unclear taxonomy, an integrative approach has to be used to clarify species boundaries and identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán T Nagy
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (JEMU), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gontran Sonet
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (JEMU), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonas Mortelmans
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (Entomology), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Vandewynkel
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'eau et environnement, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Albert Thomas, 23, 87060 Limoges, France
| | - Patrick Grootaert
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Taxonomy and Phylogeny (Entomology), Rue Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
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