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Shobha V, Rajasekhar L, Manuel S, Nayana V, Kavadichanda C, Kounassegarane D, Mathew AJ, Gupta R, Rathi M, Ghosh P, Tripathy SR, Das B, Selvam S, Singh AK, Singh A, Jain A, Aggarwal A. Pattern of disease expression in SLE patients with antiphospholipid antibodies: data from Indian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Inception cohort (INSPIRE). Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:819-829. [PMID: 38082159 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) are present in one-third of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and they are associated with both criteria and non-criteria manifestations. We studied the prevalence, clinical associations, and impact on mortality of APLA in SLE patients from India. Among the Indian SLE inception cohort (INSPIRE), patients who had data on all five routinely performed APLAs [lupus anticoagulant (LA), IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) and anti-β2-glycoprotein I(β2GPI)] at enrolment were selected. Patients were divided into four categories based on the presence/absence of APLA associated manifestations and presence/absence of the APLA viz SLE-APS, SLE-APLA, SLE: events but no APLA, and SLE: no events, no APLA (reference group). 1035 SLE patients at least 1 APLA antibody was detected in 372 (35.9%). LA was present in 206 (19.9%), aCL in 126 (12.2%) and β2-GPI in 178 (17.2%). There were 88 thrombotic events in 83 patients (8.0%); 73 (82.9%) being arterial; APLA positivity was present in 37 (44.6%) [AOR 1.70 (1.054, 2.76)]. SLE-APS patients were younger and had higher mortality [AOR 4.11 (1.51, 11.3)], neuropsychiatric and hematologic disease. SLE-APLA also had a higher mortality rate [AOR 2.94 (1.06, 8.22)] than the reference group. The mortality was highest in the subset of patients with thrombotic events in the presence of APLA [AOR 7.67 (1.25, 46.9)]. The mere presence of APLA also conferred higher mortality even in the absence of thrombotic events [AOR 3.51 (1.43, 8.63)]. Hematologic manifestations (36.1%) were the most common non-criteria-manifestation. One-third of SLE patients have APLA and its presence is associated with non-criteria hematologic manifestations, arterial thrombosis and higher mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Shobha
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Liza Rajasekhar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandra Manuel
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - V Nayana
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chengappa Kavadichanda
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Deepika Kounassegarane
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Ashish J Mathew
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Ranjan Gupta
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Rathi
- Department of Nephrology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Parasar Ghosh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Bidyut Das
- Department of Rheumatology, SCB Medical College, Cuttack, India
| | - Sumithra Selvam
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, St. John's Research Institute, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Avinash Jain
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, SMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
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Pires da Rosa G, Bettencourt P, Rodríguez-Pintó I, Cervera R, Espinosa G. "Non-criteria" antiphospholipid syndrome: A nomenclature proposal. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102689. [PMID: 33223008 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) generate discussion, with a growing impression that certain patients not fulfilling these criteria might be inadequately excluded from the classification. Nonetheless, these "non-criteria" patients are heterogeneously defined across different publications. We reviewed the "non-criteria" APS subgroups depicted in the literature and attempted to organize these subsets in a nomenclature proposal that could be used for research purposes. We established four potential patient profiles, grouped under the broad term "non-criteria APS": (A) "Seronegative APS": patients fulfilling clinical criteria, plus "non-criteria" manifestations, with persistently negative antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL); (B) "Clinical non-criteria APS": patients with "non-criteria" manifestations, plus aPL positivity fulfilling the classification criteria; (C) "Incomplete laboratory APS": patients fulfilling clinical criteria, plus positive aPL, but not fulfilling the classification criteria (low titer aPL); and (D) "Laboratory non-criteria APS": patients fulfilling clinical criteria, with negative or low titer criteria aPL, plus positive "non-criteria" aPL. This categorization could allow for a more homogeneous research approach to APS, enabling more sustained and universal conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Pires da Rosa
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Internal Medicine Department, Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ignasi Rodríguez-Pintó
- Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gerard Espinosa
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Kumar N, Sundaram A, Rani N, Ahluwalia J, Das R, Varma N, Suri V, Malhotra P. Marburg I Polymorphism (G511E) in Adults with Deep Vein Thrombosis. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2020; 36:183-186. [PMID: 32158102 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-019-01146-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Marburg I polymorphism (G511E) in FSAP gene was listed as one of the risk factor for idiopathic DVT among the western population. The frequency of Marburg I polymorphism in India is presently not known. Fifty DVT cases and 50 healthy controls were tested for Marburg I polymorphism using ARMS-PCR technique. The thrombophilic risk factors (Protein C, Protein S, Antithrombin III, Factor V Leiden and antiphospholipid antibodies) were also determined. Marburg I polymorphism (heterozygous) was found in 2 patients (4%) but not in control subjects. These two cases did not have any other thrombophilia markers. Among the thrombophilic markers, heterozygous FVL mutation, PS, PC, AT deficiencies and antiphospholipid antibodies were seen in 10%, 10%, 6%, 6% and 8% of the patients respectively. The controls showed only the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in 6% of subjects. Marburg I polymorphism among Indians DVT patients was determined for the first time. Its incidence was found in 4% of cases and not in controls. Although not statically significant this may be considered as one of the contributory risk factors for the development of DVT. A larger study is required for the validation of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- 1Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Archana Sundaram
- 2Pathology (Group C) Departments, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Neetu Rani
- 1Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Jasmina Ahluwalia
- 1Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Reena Das
- 1Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Neelam Varma
- 1Department of Hematology, Level 5, Research Block A, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Vikas Suri
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Comparison of the Therapeutic Effects of Rivaroxaban Versus Warfarin in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Systematic Review. Arch Rheumatol 2019; 35:107-116. [PMID: 32637926 DOI: 10.5606/archrheumatol.2020.7375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aims to review the studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of rivaroxaban versus those of warfarin in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Materials and methods The study included randomized clinical trials, comparative studies, cross-sectional investigations, and case series that focused on the effects of warfarin and rivaroxaban and compared the effects of these anticoagulants in patients with APS. The relevant articles published until 2018 were searched in several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Embase, and Web of Science. Results The findings of the reviewed studies showed that rivaroxaban can be used as an effective and safe alternative to warfarin in APS patients. However, the effectiveness of rivaroxaban in the prevention of thrombosis in high-risk APS patients is suspected. Conclusion Given the high risk of using rivaroxaban in thrombotic APS patients with labile international normalized ratio (INR) or poor adherence to INR monitoring, it is not suggested to use this agent for these patients.
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Lupus anticoagulant - hypoprothrombinemia syndrome: a rare cause of intracranial bleeding. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 28:416-418. [PMID: 28009646 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
: We report a 14-year-old girl who presented with subdural hematoma and a deranged coagulation profile suggestive of an inhibitor. Investigations revealed prothrombin deficiency along with positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies, which improved with steroid therapy. Bleeding diathesis in children and adolescents commonly results from thrombocytopenia, platelet function disorders, or coagulation factor deficiency; whereas bleeding because of coagulation factor inhibitors are extremely rare in this age group. This case also highlights the uncommon presentation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, as they often present with thrombosis or pregnancy complications rather than bleeding.
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Ahluwalia J, Sreedharanunni S. The Laboratory Diagnosis of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2016; 33:8-14. [PMID: 28194050 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-016-0739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) is classified based on the presence of both clinical and laboratory criteria. Both sets of criteria are subject to much review and intense research as it is becoming increasingly clear that no single test is specific for defining this autoimmune disorder. A number of leading international bodies have released guidelines in an attempt to improve the laboratory testing and reporting. The current review is an appraisal of some of the literature pertaining to the laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Ahluwalia
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreejesh Sreedharanunni
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Hinojosa-Azaola A, Romero-Diaz J, Vargas-Ruiz AG, Nuñez-Alvarez CA, Cicero-Casarrubias A, Ocampo-Torres MC, Sanchez-Guerrero J. Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:576-86. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.The incidence of thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is 25 to 50-fold higher than in the general population; we aimed to define the characteristics of venous thrombotic events (VTE) and arterial thrombotic events (ATE) to identify the patients at highest risk.Methods.The study included 219 patients with recent-onset SLE. At baseline, standardized medical history and laboratory tests were done. Followup visits occurred quarterly, and information about damage accrual, comorbidities, and cardiovascular risk factors was updated annually. Main outcome was development of TE after SLE diagnosis.Results.Thirty-five patients (16%) developed TE (27 VTE, 8 ATE) during 5.21 years of followup; incidence rate 31/1000 patient-years. Most events (57%) developed within the first year of diagnosis, and 69% were not associated with lupus anticoagulant (LAC), determined with 1 method. VTE developed earlier than ATE (2.0 vs 57.5 mos, p = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, variables preceding VTE included cutaneous vasculitis, nephrotic syndrome, dose of prednisone, and LAC in combination with anti-RNP/Sm antibodies (p < 0.03). Patients with ATE were older (median age 44 vs 29 yrs, p = 0.04), smokers, and had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, at least 2 traditional risk factors, nephrotic syndrome, chronic damage, and a higher cumulative dose of prednisone (p < 0.05). LAC in combination with anti-RNP/Sm antibodies was associated with VTE and improved the accuracy for predicting it.Conclusion.Our study suggests that in SLE, VTE and ATE have different risk factors. Understanding these differences is helpful for identifying patients at highest risk. The use of LAC plus anti-RNP/Sm for predicting VTE deserves further study.
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