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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Ren S, Tao N, Meng F, Cao Q, Liu R. High fat diet increases the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in mice by altering the gut microbial community. Adv Rheumatol 2024; 64:44. [PMID: 38816873 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-024-00382-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has demonstrated that obesity may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In addition, gut microbiota and its metabolites contribute to the occurrence and development of RA and obesity. However, the mechanism by which obesity affects RA remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether gut microbiota and their metabolites alter the effects of high fat diet (HFD) on the severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. METHODS Briefly, mice were divided into normal group (N), CIA model group (C), HFD group (T), and HFD CIA group (CT). Hematoxylin and Eosin staining(HE) and Safranin O-fast green staining were conducted, and levels of blood lipid and inflammatory cytokines were measured. 16S rDNA sequencing technique and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics were performed to explore changes in the microbiota structure to further reveal the pathomechanism of HFD on CIA. RESULTS HFD aggravated the severity of CIA in mice. The CT group had the highest proportion of microbial abundance of Blautia, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium-9, and Lachnospiraceae UCG 006 at the genus level, but had a lower proportion of Alistipes. Additionally, the fecal metabolic phenotype of the combined CT group shows significant changes, with differential metabolites enriched in 9 metabolic pathways, including primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, oxytocin signaling pathway, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. Correlation analysis revealed that some of the altered gut microbiota genera were strongly correlated with changes in fecal metabolites, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and inflammatory cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that HFD may aggravate inflammatory reaction in CIA mice by altering the gut microbiota and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Yantong Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Ren
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Tao
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Fanyan Meng
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Qi Cao
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruoshi Liu
- The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110002, Liaoning, China.
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Soós B, Hamar A, Pusztai A, Czókolyová M, Végh E, Szamosi S, Pethő Z, Gulyás K, Kerekes G, Szántó S, Szűcs G, Christians U, Klawitter J, Seres T, Szekanecz Z. Effects of tofacitinib therapy on arginine and methionine metabolites in association with vascular pathophysiology in rheumatoid arthritis: A metabolomic approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1011734. [PMID: 36438060 PMCID: PMC9684209 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1011734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with changes in lipid, arginine and NO metabolism with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of tofacitinib, a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, on arginine and methionine metabolism in correlation with inflammation, functional and pathological vascular changes during one-year treatment of patients with RA. Materials and methods Thirty RA patients with active disease were treated with either 5 mg bid or 10 mg bid tofacitinib for 12 months. We determined DAS28, CRP, IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) levels. We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) by ultrasound at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. We also determined plasma L-arginine, L-citrulline, L-ornithine, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), L-N-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA), cysteine, homocysteine, and methionine levels at these time points. Results Twenty-six patients (13 on each arm) completed the study. CRP, ESR and DAS28 decreased significantly during one-year treatment with tofacitinib. Arginine and ADMA showed a negative univariate correlation with CRP but not with FMD, PWV or IMT. Tofacitinib at 10 mg bid significantly increased L-arginine, L-ornithine, iNOS and methionine levels after 12 months. ADMA and SDMA levels did not change in our study. Methionine showed negative correlation with FMD at baseline and positive correlation with PWV after 12 months. No change was observed in FMD and PWV but a significant increase was measured in IMT at 6 and 12 months. Multivariate analysis indicated variable correlations of L-arginine, L-citrulline, ADMA, L-NMMA, homocysteine and methionine with DAS28, CRP, ESR and RF but not with anti-CCP after one-year treatment. With respect to vascular pathophysiology, only PWV and methionine correlated with each other. Conclusion One-year tofacitinib treatment suppressed systemic inflammation and improved functional status in RA. FMD, PWV have not been affected by one-year tofacitinib treatment., while IMT increased further despite treatment. Increased arginine and methionine might contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of tofacitinib. Increased arginine availability with no changing ADMA may protect FMD and PWV from deterioration. The increase of IMT in the anti-inflammatory environment cannot be explained by arginine or methionine metabolism in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Soós
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Hamar
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Pusztai
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Monika Czókolyová
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Végh
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Szamosi
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Pethő
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gulyás
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Kerekes
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Szántó
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szűcs
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tamás Seres
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Zoltán Szekanecz
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Zoltán Szekanecz,
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Amino Acid Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Friend or Foe? Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091280. [PMID: 32899743 PMCID: PMC7563518 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to act as a critical regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common form of inflammatory arthropathy sustained by autoimmune responses. We examine here the current knowledge of tryptophan and arginine metabolisms and the main immunoregulatory pathways in amino acid catabolism, in both RA patients and experimental models of arthritis. We found that l-tryptophan (Trp) metabolism and, in particular, the kynurenine pathway would exert protective effects in all experimental models and in some, but not all, RA patients, possibly due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene coding for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1; the enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway). The function, i.e., either protective or pathogenetic, of the l-arginine (Arg) metabolism in RA was less clear. In fact, although immunoregulatory arginase 1 (ARG1) was highly induced at the synovial level in RA patients, its true functional role is still unknown, possibly because of few available preclinical data. Therefore, our analysis would indicate that amino acid metabolism represents a fruitful area of research for new drug targets for a more effective and safe therapy of RA and that further studies are demanding to pursue such an important objective.
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Golbahari S, Abtahi Froushani SM. Synergistic benefits of Nicotine and Thymol in alleviating experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2019; 239:117037. [PMID: 31730863 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Given to the anti-inflammatory effect of Nicotine and Thymol, this study was done to evaluate the effects of co-administration of Nicotine and Thymol on the clinical aspects, and immunity responses in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced RA in Wistar rat. METHODS The study population contained a total of 50 male Wistar rats with a weight range 150 ± 7 g, which RA was induced through FCA at them. These animals were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 10): RA rats treated with PBS (100 mg/kg orally), RA rats treated with Thymol (100 mg/kg orally), RA rats treated with Nicotine (2.5mg/kg-orally), and RA rats treated with combined Nicotine and Thymol (half doses with each one-orally). All treatments were initiated at day seven p.i. when all rats showed a clinical score of ≥1. Clinical symptoms of the disease were recorded every other day until the day 23 p.i. RESULTS Obtained data revealed the combination therapy reduced the severity of the disease and improved weight-gaining more profound than each medication alone. Furthermore, combination therapy caused a reduction in some hematological and biochemical RA parameters, such as Rheumatoid factor, C-Reactive Protein, Nitric oxide, Myeloperoxidase, IL-1, and IL-17 more impressive than each treatment alone. Interestingly, the combination therapy with half doses of Nicotine and Thymol did not have any synergistic advantage in anti-proliferation effect, and therefore immunosuppression side effect compared with using each of agents alone. CONCLUSION Collectively, it is possible that combination therapy can be applied as a beneficial strategy to control RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Golbahari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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