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Strait A, Graf J, Margaretten M, Yazdany J, Goglin S. Race, Ethnicity, and Disparities in Rheumatology Educational Materials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2022; 74:1416-1420. [PMID: 33768717 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the representation of dark skin color in clinical images across 4 major rheumatology training resources. METHODS We gathered images of patients with rheumatic diseases from the American College of Rheumatology Image Library, UpToDate, the New England Journal of Medicine Images in Clinical Medicine and Clinical Cases filtered by "Rheumatology," and the 9th edition of Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology. Investigators used Fitzpatrick's skin phototypes to independently code images depicting visible skin as "light" (skin types I to IV), "dark" (skin types V to VI), or "indeterminate." The representation of dark skin in clinical images was compared to the representation of Asian, Native American, and Black individuals within the US Census population and within lupus cases nationally. RESULTS Of the 1,043 patient images included in the study, 13.4% had dark skin, 84.0% light skin, and 2.6% indeterminate skin color. Dark skin was underrepresented significantly in rheumatology educational materials and lupus images when compared with the representation of Asian, Native American, and Black individuals within the US Census population (13.4% versus 20.6%; χ2 = 32.8, P < 0.001) and in published studies of patients with systemic lupus erythematous (22.6% versus 44.2%; χ2 = 20.0, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Darker skin tones are significantly underrepresented in major rheumatology clinical image banks. Improving representation of racial and ethnic minorities in rheumatology education materials can better equip trainees to recognize and diagnose cutaneous manifestations of rheumatic diseases in these groups.
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Sánchez-Cárdenas G, Contreras-Yáñez I, Guaracha-Basáñez G, Pacheco-Santiago LD, Méndez-Flores S, Barrera-Vargas A, Merayo-Chalico J, Domínguez-Cherit J, Pascual-Ramos V. Cutaneous manifestations are frequent and diverse among patients with rheumatoid arthritis and impact their quality of life: a cross-sectional study in a cohort of patients with recent-onset disease. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:3581-3590. [PMID: 33651260 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES Cutaneous involvement is often overlooked in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We described cutaneous findings in outpatients attending a recent-onset cohort and identified factors associated with skin involvement and reduced (R) dermatological quality of life (DQoL). METHODS Skin and rheumatological examinations were performed in 122 patients. DQoL was assessed through the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Skin findings were classified as RA-specific and RA-nonspecific. Multiple regression analysis identified factors associated to skin involvement and RDQoL (DLQI score > 1). RESULTS Patients were middle-aged females (91%), with a 1-year mean disease activity score in 28 joints as 2.0 (interquartile range: 1.5-2.6). There were 94 (77%) patients in whom at least one cutaneous finding was observed: 17 (13.1%) had RA-specific findings (all were rheumatoid nodules) and 91 (96.8%) had at least one RA-nonspecific finding, further classified into skin diseases (35.2%), hair diseases (20.9%), and skin-related signs (76.9%, among whom 94.3% had xerosis). Age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.054, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.015-1.094) and skin-health concerns (OR: 5.657, 95% CI: 1.771-18.070) were associated with cutaneous involvement, whereas increased age and DLQI score were associated with a higher number of skin findings/patient. There were 29 patients (24.2%) with RDQoL, which were associated with the Short Form-36 emotional component (OR: 0.955, 95% CI: 0.923-0.988) and the number of skin findings/patient (OR 2.873, 95% CI 1.723-4.791). Pruritus and hair diseases were the individual categories associated with RDQoL. CONCLUSIONS Cutaneous manifestations are frequent in RA patients and have the potential to impact the emotional component of health-related quality of life. Key Points • Up to 77% of the RA patients with substantial follow-up, from a recent-onset disease cohort, had cutaneous manifestations; these were primarily RA-nonspecific findings, whereas 13.1% had RA-specific findings. • Skin-health concerns and age were associated with cutaneous involvement; meanwhile, increased age and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score were associated with a higher number of cutaneous findings/patient. • Reduced dermatological quality of life (RDQoL) was documented in one in four patients and was associated with the SF-36 emotional component and the number of cutaneous findings/patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sánchez-Cárdenas
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irazú Contreras-Yáñez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INCMyN-SZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Guaracha-Basáñez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INCMyN-SZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lexli D Pacheco-Santiago
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INCMyN-SZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Méndez-Flores
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Barrera-Vargas
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INCMyN-SZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Merayo-Chalico
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INCMyN-SZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Judith Domínguez-Cherit
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virginia Pascual-Ramos
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, INCMyN-SZ, Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Sección XVI, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Towards a combined pediatric rheumatology-dermatology clinic: One-year experience. North Clin Istanb 2021; 8:37-41. [PMID: 33623871 PMCID: PMC7881422 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.32848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Dermatological findings may be the sole complaints of diseases in pediatric rheumatology practice. Evaluating patients with a multi-disciplinary approach may facilitate access to an accurate diagnosis. Herein, we reported our one-year experience in collaborative pediatric rheumatology-dermatology. METHODS: Patients were initially evaluated separately in pediatric rheumatology-dermatology outpatient clinics. Subsequently, once a week, the final diagnoses of patients with suspected skin rash were collaboratively discussed by two pediatric rheumatologists and a dermatologist. RESULTS: A hundred and one patients were included in this study. Of these 101 patients, 65 attended to dermatology outpatient clinic initially, while the remaining 36 applied to the pediatric rheumatology outpatient clinic. The most common mucocutaneous finding was squamous lesions in 30 patients, followed by erythematous lesions in 28 and mucosal ulcers in 14. Finally, 69 patients were diagnosed with a rheumatic disease while 32 had differential diagnoses apart from rheumatic diseases. CONCLUSION: Patients with rheumatologic diseases frequently present with only mucocutaneous findings. Thus, a detailed examination of the mucosa, skin and its attachments is of paramount importance in rheumatology practice. We suggest that a close interaction between pediatric rheumatology-dermatology and the formation of consensus clinics are going to assist clinicians in making easier and accurate diagnoses.
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Helm MF, Hallock KK, Bisbee E, Miller JJ. Optimizing the total-body skin exam: An observational cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 81:1115-1119. [PMID: 30776397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total-body skin examinations (TBSEs) are commonly performed in clinical practice. There is limited research on best practices for performing a TBSE. OBJECTIVE To optimize the TBSE. METHODS We performed an observational cohort study by video recording 5 dermatology faculty and 5 residents conducting their regular TBSE on both a healthy male and female patient. Examination time, physician movements, patient movements, sequence of body parts examined, and body parts missed were analyzed by using an analytic hierarchy process matrix. Differences were evaluated by a t test of unequal variance. P values < .05 were deemed significant. RESULTS We identified an optimal format for conducting a TBSE that is efficient and accurate. LIMITATIONS This study was conducted with only standard healthy examiners and patients, rather than individuals with a variety of physical or mental disabilities. The structure of the study was not hypothesis driven, and we assumed that the engineers observing the physicians performing the examination would identify the most optimal TBSE. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a standardized process of performing a TBSE minimizes the chance of missing a body area. This could also have implications on teaching a standardized TBSE to medical students, residents, and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Helm
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
| | - Katherine K Hallock
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Bisbee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeffrey J Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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