1
|
Hassold N, Dusser P, Laurent A, Lemelle I, Pillet P, Comarmond C, Mekinian A, Lambert M, Mirault T, Benhamou Y, Belot A, Jeziorski E, Reumaux H, Sibilia J, Desdoits A, Espitia O, Faye A, Quartier P, Saadoun D, Koné-Paut I. Clinical spectrum and outcome of Takayasu's arteritis in children. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105735. [PMID: 38631524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare clinical spectrum and outcome between adults and children with Takayasu's arteritis (TAK) in a European population. METHODS We made a nationwide retrospective observational study between 1988 and 2019. All adult patients met the ACR diagnostic criteria for TAK and all children met the EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for paediatric TAK. RESULTS We identified 46 children and 389 adults with TAK. The male to female ratio was 34/46 (0.74) in the paediatric group compared to 241/274 (0.88) in the adult group (P<0.05). Children presented with significantly more systemic symptoms; i.e., fever (P<0.05), fatigue (P<0.001), weight loss (P<0.001), abdominal pain (P<0.05), and myalgia (P<0.05) while adults had more upper limb claudication (P<0.01). Topography of the lesions differed significantly between the two groups: adults had more damage at the cerebral vasculature (P<0.01), upper and lower limbs (P<0.001) while children had more kidney lesions (P<0.05). Children TAK had more frequent (P<0.01) and higher (P<0.001) biological inflammation than adults. Children received higher dose-weight of corticosteroids (P=0.001) and less biotherapy (P<0.010) at diagnosis. Relapses (P<0.05) and death (8.6% vs 4.9%) were more frequent in children TAK than in adults. CONCLUSION Paediatric TAK seems more severe than adult TAK. Therefore, paediatrics patients may require closer monitoring and systemic use of biological treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Hassold
- Department of paediatric rheumatology and CEREMAIA, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Perrine Dusser
- Department of paediatric rheumatology and CEREMAIA, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Audrey Laurent
- Department of paediatric rheumatology, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Irene Lemelle
- Department of paediatric oncology, Hôpitaux de Brabois, CHU, Nancy, France
| | - Pascal Pillet
- Department of paediatrics, Pellegrin Hospital, CHU, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cloé Comarmond
- Department of internal medicine, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Arsene Mekinian
- Department of internal medicine, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Marc Lambert
- Department of internal medicine, Claude-Huriez Hospital, CHU, Lille, France
| | - Tristan Mirault
- Department of vascular medicine, George-Pompidou Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ygal Benhamou
- Department of internal medicine, Charles-Nicolle Hospital, CHU, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Department of paediatric rheumatology, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, HCL, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Jeziorski
- Department of paediatrics, Arnaud-de-Villeneuve Hospital, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Héloïse Reumaux
- Department of paediatrics, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, CHRU, Lille, France
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Department of rheumatology, Arlin d'Alsace Hospital, CHU, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandra Desdoits
- Department of paediatrics, Hôpital de la Côte-de-Nacre, CHU, Caen, France
| | - Olivier Espitia
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Department of internal and vascular medicine, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Albert Faye
- Department of general paediatrics, infectious diseases and internal medecine, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Quartier
- Department of paediatric rheumatology, Necker Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Department of internal medicine, La Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Koné-Paut
- Department of paediatric rheumatology and CEREMAIA, Kremlin-Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP, université de Paris Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomelleri A, Padoan R, Kavadichanda CG, Jose A, Singh K, Iorio L, Rathore U, Rinaldi E, Baldissera E, Agarwal V, Dagna L, Campochiaro C, Misra DP. Validation of the 2022 American College of Rheumatology/EULAR classification criteria for Takayasu arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:3427-3432. [PMID: 37018125 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study validates the 2022 ACR/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) classification criteria for Takayasu's arteritis (TAK), compared with the 1990 ACR TAK classification criteria. METHODS The fulfilment of 2022 ACR/EULAR and 1990 ACR TAK criteria from four referral centres was assessed for TAK compared with extracranial giant cell arteritis (EC-GCA) and other controls. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), likelihood ratio of a positive test (LR+) or negative test (LR-), and area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were calculated. RESULTS Among 504 patients with TAK (404 females) and 222 controls (151 females, 144 patients with EC-GCA), the 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria had better sensitivity (95.83% vs 82.94%) and NPV, but poorer specificity (63.51% vs 90.54%), PPV, LR+, LR- and AUC at the pre-determined cut-offs than the 1990 ACR criteria. The 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria had greater specificity (76.06% vs 57.62%) and AUC (0.845 vs 0.771), with similar sensitivity (93% vs 96.53%) in males as in females. The 2022 ACR/EULAR criteria performed similarly with only EC-GCA as controls (sensitivity 95.83%, specificity 60.42%, AUC 0.781). Sensitivity remained similar, whereas specificity was higher for 40-60 years vs <40 years. Cut-offs of ≥6 (sensitivity 91.87%, specificity 82.88%) and ≥7 (sensitivity 86.71%, specificity 86.49%), or removing the point for female sex (sensitivity 92.64%, specificity 81.08%) greatly improved the balance between sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION The poor specificity of the 2022 ACR/EULAR TAK criteria in real-life settings was improved by increasing the cut-off to 6 or 7, or removing the point for female sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tomelleri
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Padoan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chengappa G Kavadichanda
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Augustine Jose
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Kritika Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Luca Iorio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Upendra Rathore
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Emma Rinaldi
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Baldissera
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Lorenzo Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases (UnIRAR), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous disease, which can affect virtually every body organ, even though lungs and intra thoracic lymph nodes are almost universally affected. The presence of noncaseating granulomas is the histopathological hallmark of the disease, and clinical picture depends on the organs affected. Data about interaction between sarcoidosis and comorbidities, such as cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, malignancy and drug-related adverse events are limited. Several lung conditions can be associated with sarcoidosis, such as pulmonary hypertension and fibrosis, making it difficult sometimes the differentiation between complications and distinctive pathologies. Their coexistence may complicate the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and contribute to the highly variable and unpredictable natural history, particularly if several diseases are recognised. A thorough assessment of specific disorders that can be associated with sarcoidosis should always be carried out, and future studies will need to evaluate sarcoidosis not only as a single disorder, but also in the light of possible concomitant conditions.Key messagesComorbidities in sarcoidosis are common, especially cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.In the diagnostic workup, a distinction must be made between sarcoidosis-related complaints and complaints caused by other separate disorders. It can be very difficult to distinguish between complications of sarcoidosis and other concomitant conditions.The coexistence of multiple conditions may complicate the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, affect its natural course and response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Tana
- Geriatrics Clinic, Medicine Department, SS Annunziata Hospital of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marjolein Drent
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,ILD Center of Excellence, Department of Respiratory Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,ILD Care Foundation Research Team, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Hilario Nunes
- AP-HP, Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Pneumologie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares de l'adulte, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Vasilis Kouranos
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Cinetto
- Rare Diseases Referral Center, Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital - AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana and Department of Medicine - DIMED, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Naomi T Jessurun
- ILD Care Foundation Research Team, Ede, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Seitz L, Seitz P, Pop R, Lötscher F. Spectrum of Large and Medium Vessel Vasculitis in Adults: Primary Vasculitides, Arthritides, Connective Tissue, and Fibroinflammatory Diseases. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2022; 24:352-370. [PMID: 36166150 PMCID: PMC9513304 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-022-01086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide a comprehensive overview of the spectrum of large and medium vessel vasculitis in adults with primary vasculitides, arthritides, connective tissue, and fibroinflammatory diseases as well as vasculitis mimics, for an efficient differential diagnosis and initial diagnostic approach. RECENT FINDINGS Imaging has had a tremendous impact on the diagnosis of medium to large vessel vasculitis, now often replacing histopathologic confirmation and identifying new disease manifestations (e.g., intracranial disease in giant cell arteritis; vascular manifestations of IgG4-related disease). Novel diseases or syndromes involving blood vessels have been described (e.g., VEXAS-Syndrome with polychondritis). The use of the terms "medium" or "large" vessel varies considerably between medical specialties. The differential diagnosis of large and medium vessel vasculitis is becoming increasingly complex as new entities or disease manifestations of known inflammatory rheumatic diseases are regularly identified. A more precise and widely recognized definition of the vessel sizes would make future research more comparable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Immunodeficiency Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Seitz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roxana Pop
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Lötscher
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kimbrough BA, Warrington KJ, Langenfeld HE, Crowson CS, Carmona EM, Virata AR, Koster MJ. Vasculitis in Patients With Sarcoidosis: A Single-Institution Case Series of 17 Patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2022; 28:217-222. [PMID: 35319536 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vasculitis in patients with sarcoidosis is rare and can affect any sized blood vessel. Limited information describing this association is available. METHODS A single-institution medical records review study was performed reviewing all patients with a diagnosis code for sarcoidosis and vasculitis between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2019. Data were abstracted regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes from medical records. Patients were diagnosed with vasculitis based on biopsy and/or arterial imaging. Comparison between patients presenting with large and/or medium vessel vasculitis (L/MVV) versus patients with only small vessel vasculitis (SVV) was performed. RESULTS Seventeen patients were identified during the study period. Nine patients (56% female) had L/MVV, and 8 (50% female) had SVV. Sarcoidosis preceded vasculitis in 4 (44%) L/MVV and 3 (38%) SVV. The mean ± SD age at sarcoidosis diagnosis was 53.2 ± 17.8 and 51.9 ± 11.4 years, and the mean ± SD age at vasculitis diagnosis was 57.4 ± 19.6 and 59.0 ± 13.4 years in L/MVV and SVV, respectively. Number of organ systems involved by sarcoidosis was similar (median [interquartile range], 3 [1-4] L/MVV vs 2.5 [1.75-3.25] SVV). The mean length of follow-up was 11.5 ± 12.8 in L/MVV and 13.1 ± 14.3 years in SVV. Complete response to therapy for vasculitis was observed in 8 of 9 with L/MVV and 7 of 8 with SVV. Four patients with SVV were able to stop all immunosuppression as compared with only 1 patient with L/MVV at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This series observed a comparable number of patients with L/MVV and SVV. Although a variety of treatments were used, most patients achieved remission regardless of vessel size affected. Clinicians should be aware of the overlap between sarcoidosis and vasculitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah E Langenfeld
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ceschia N, Scheggi V, Marchionni N, Stefano P. Case report of a peculiar aneurysm of the ascending aorta: when there is much more beyond an incidental finding. Eur Heart J Case Rep 2021; 5:ytab205. [PMID: 34476336 PMCID: PMC8407484 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcr/ytab205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Aneurysms of the thoracic aorta are common in male patients around the VI–VII decade of life and most have a degenerative aetiology; otherwise, the occurrence of this disease at a younger age should prompt the search of rarer causes. We report a singular case of ascending aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a young man. Case summary A large AAA accompanied by multivessel dilatation and renal failure of unknown onset was incidentally found in a 23-year-old male during the diagnostic work-up after a car accident. A systemic disease was therefore suspected, and a full clinical investigation revealed the uncommon diagnosis of sarcoidosis accompanied by large vessel vasculitis. Discussion Only a few reports in the literature describe the concurrence of sarcoidosis and large vessel vasculitis (Takayasu arteritis), which may share non-specific immunoinflammatory abnormalities. This case underlines the importance of a multisystem diagnostic approach even in front of an incidental finding that is inconsistent with patient’s age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ceschia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Valentina Scheggi
- Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, AOU Careggi, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, AOU Careggi, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Stefano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Cardiothoracovascular Medicine, AOU Careggi, Largo G. A. Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gendelman HK, Sabha M, Gryaznov AA, Siaton BC. Recurrent Syncope Due to Concurrent Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Large-Vessel Vasculitis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e927331. [PMID: 33510124 PMCID: PMC7851718 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.927331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 68-year-old Final Diagnosis: Sarcoidosis • vasculitis Symptoms: Syncope Medication:— Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Rheumatology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Gendelman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marwa Sabha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anton A Gryaznov
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette C Siaton
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang K, Sun Y, Li YL, Chang B. Pathogenesis of liver injury in Takayasu arteritis: advanced understanding leads to new horizons. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520972222. [PMID: 33275473 PMCID: PMC7720339 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520972222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver injury in Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a rare phenomenon. Most symptoms are nonspecific, and the exact pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Early diagnosis and new treatment methods are important for an improved prognosis. A summary of the clinical information and mechanistic analyses may contribute to making an early diagnosis and development of new treatment methods. A PubMed search was conducted using the specific key words “Takayasu arteritis” and “liver” or “hepatitis” or “hepatic”. Symptoms and treatment of TA with an accompanying liver injury were reviewed retrospectively. Many factors are presumed to be involved in the mechanism of TA with liver injury, including the immune response, genes, infections, and gut microbiota. There are several lines of evidence indicating that immune dysfunction is the main pathogenic factor that triggers granuloma formation in TA patients. However, the role of genetics and infections has not been fully confirmed. Recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as an essential component in the process. We reviewed in detail the current concepts that support the complex pathogenesis of TA accompanied by liver injury, and we presented recent theories from the literature. Finally, we discussed future research directions of liver injury in TA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Poudel J, Risal U, Sigdel KR, Paudyal BP, Adhikari S, Basnyat B. Case Report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:73. [PMID: 32885051 PMCID: PMC7450474 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15837.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Sarcoidosis, too, is an inflammatory disease. Both entities are granulomatous conditions with a questionable association in their etiopathogenesis. Only a few cases of their coexistence have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported from Nepal. We report a Nepalese woman who presented with non-productive cough, progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness of 3 years duration. She had a history of recurrent bilateral granulomatous uveitis over the previous 3 years. Examination revealed clubbing of digits, absent pulses over the left radial, ulnar and brachial arteries, and a weak pulse over the right arm including the bilateral carotid arteries. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A CT angiogram suggested large vessel vasculitis. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, negative for malignancy and tuberculosis. She was hence, diagnosed with co-existing Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis, and treated with Prednisolone 60 mg once daily with dramatic improvement over 4 days and was discharged stable on domiciliary oxygen. She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen. This case report highlights the importance of a proper physical examination as a guide to the use of modern technology in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, it should always come as the most important differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwan Poudel
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ujjwol Risal
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Sigdel
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Sudeep Adhikari
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Internal Medicine, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal.,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
James WE. Overlap Syndromes in Sarcoidosis: Clinical Features and Outcomes. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 41:607-617. [PMID: 32777847 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation. While pulmonary sarcoidosis is most common, extrapulmonary involvement occurs in 50 to 74% of patients and can be the presenting abnormality in some patients. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on a compatible clinical presentation in combination with granulomas on histology and exclusion of other causes. However, the absence of a diagnostic biomarker for sarcoidosis, in addition to the overlap of granulomatous inflammation and nonspecific clinical findings with other diseases, often results in a delayed diagnosis. Sarcoidosis overlap syndromes are typically described when sarcoidosis is diagnosed in the presence of another disease (concurrently or sequentially) with shared clinical and histologic features, or when sarcoidosis presents with clinical features typically observed in, but not diagnostic of, other diseases. Awareness of overlap syndromes is important for clinicians to avoid diagnostic errors and evaluate for concomitant diagnoses that may impact the management and outcome of sarcoidosis. This article is intended to provide an overview of these presentations and the most commonly associated diseases, with attention to their prevalence, clinical features, and reciprocal impacts on disease outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Ennis James
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Susan Pearlstine Sarcoidosis Center of Excellence, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Poudel J, Risal U, Sigdel KR, Paudyal BP, Adhikari S, Basnyat B. Case Report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:73. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15837.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis is a rare systemic large vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its branches. Sarcoidosis, too, is an inflammatory disease. Both entities are granulomatous conditions with a question of possible linkquestionable association in their etiopathogenesis. Only a few cases of their coexistence have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, no such cases have been reported from Nepal. We report a Nepalese woman who presented with non-productive cough, progressive shortness of breath and chest tightness of 3 years duration. She had a history of recurrent bilateral granulomatous uveitis over the previous 3 years. Examination revealed clubbing of digits, absent pulses over the left radial, ulnar and brachial arteries, and a weak pulse over the right arm including the bilateral carotid arteries. Pulmonary function test showed restrictive pattern, a high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of the chest revealed findings suggestive of pulmonary sarcoidosis. A CT aortogram suggested large vessel vasculitis. Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation, negative for malignancy and tuberculosis. She was hence, diagnosed with co-existing Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis, and treated with Prednisolone 60 mg once daily with dramatic improvement over 4 days and was discharged stable on domiciliary oxygen. She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen. This case report highlights the importance of a proper physical examination as a guide to the use of modern technology in making a correct diagnosis. Furthermore, in countries where tuberculosis is endemic, it should always come as the most important differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Vasculitis, characterized by inflammation and necrosis, manifests a wide spectrum of presentation by involving a vasculature of various sizes and locations. A definitive diagnosis of vasculitis invariably requires histologic confirmation since there are no diagnostic clinical, imaging, or laboratory findings. The most widely adopted vasculitis classification is the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference (CHCC) nomenclature of systemic vasculitis which integrated clinical symptoms, histopathologic features, and laboratory findings. This classification accounts for the size of the involved vessels. This chapter outlines the clinical and histologic features of the small-vessel vasculitis including the immune complex vasculitis and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis; medium-vessel vasculitis such as polyarteritis nodosa and Kawasaki disease; large-vessel vasculitis, namely, giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis; variable-vessel vasculitis such as Behcet disease and Cogan syndrome; and vasculitis associated with systemic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, lupus vasculitis, and sarcoid vasculitis. Vasculitis can also be secondary to drugs, infection, underlying systemic disease, or trauma. Therefore, a diagnosis of vasculitis cannot be based on histologic ground alone. Clinical pathologic correlation is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mai P. Hoang
- Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Director of Dermatopathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Maria Angelica Selim
- Professor of Pathology and Dermatology, Director, Dermatopathology Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Benhuri B, ELJack A, Kahaleh B, Chakravarti R. Mechanism and biomarkers in aortitis--a review. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:11-23. [PMID: 31664480 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aortitis can be the manifestation of an underlying infectious or noninfectious disease process. An autoimmune cause is suggested in a large proportion of noninfectious causes. Similar to other autoimmune diseases, the pathophysiology of aortitis has been investigated in detail, but the etiology remains unknown. Most cases of aortitis often go undetected for a long time and are often identified at late stages of the disease. Recent advances in imaging techniques have significantly improved the diagnosis of aortitis. However, significant challenges associated with the imaging techniques limit their use. Several routine inflammation-based markers, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and inflammatory cytokines, are nonspecific and, therefore, have limited use in the diagnosis of aortitis. The search for more specific serum biomarkers, which can facilitate detection and progression is under progress. Several autoantibodies have been identified, but assigning their role in the pathogenesis as well as their specificity remains a challenge. The current review addresses some of these issues in detail. KEY MESSAGES: • Noninfectious aortitis is an autoimmune disease. • Several biomarkers, including cytokines and autoantibodies, are increased in aortitis. • Imaging techniques, commonly used to detect aortitis, are associated with the high cost and technical challenges. • There is a need to develop low-cost biomarker-based detection tools. • The knowledge of biomarkers in aortitis detection is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Benhuri
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medical & Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ammar ELJack
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medical & Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,Depatment of Intenal Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Dearborn, MI, 48124, USA
| | - Bashar Kahaleh
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Medical & Life Sciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Inaoka PT, Shono M, Kamada M, Espinoza JL. Host-microbe interactions in the pathogenesis and clinical course of sarcoidosis. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:45. [PMID: 31182092 PMCID: PMC6558716 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0537-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a rare inflammatory disease characterized by the development of granulomas in various organs, especially in the lungs and lymph nodes. Clinics of the disease largely depends on the organ involved and may range from mild symptoms to life threatening manifestations. Over the last two decades, significant advances in the diagnosis, clinical assessment and treatment of sarcoidosis have been achieved, however, the precise etiology of this disease remains unknown. Current evidence suggests that, in genetically predisposed individuals, an excessive immune response to unknown antigen/s is crucial for the development of sarcoidosis. Epidemiological and microbiological studies suggest that, at least in a fraction of patients, microbes or their products may trigger the immune response leading to sarcoid granuloma formation. In this article, we discuss the scientific evidence on the interaction of microbes with immune cells that may be implicated in the immunopathogenesis of sarcoidosis, and highlight recent studies exploring potential implications of human microbiota in the pathogenesis and the clinical course of sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pleiades T Inaoka
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kodatsuno, Kanazawa, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Shono
- Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mishio Kamada
- Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - J Luis Espinoza
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saha BK, Burns SL, Foulke LA, Judson MA. Coexistent Takayasu arteritis and sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the literature. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2019; 36:311-317. [PMID: 32476967 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v36i4.8667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Takayasu Arteritis (TAK) is a granulomatous large vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta, major aortic branches and pulmonary arteries resulting in pulselessness. Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology that can affect any organ. Numerous cases of coexistence of both these rare diseases have been described, suggesting that their association may be by more than chance alone. Objective To describe a case of coexistent TAK and sarcoidosis and review the world literature concerning this condition. Methods The clinical presentation and diagnostic approach is described of a woman with TAK who developed sarcoidosis. The world literature was reviewed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar database for the terms 'Takayasu arteritis' and 'sarcoidosis'; 'Takayasu arteritis' and 'granuloma'; 'vasculitis' and 'sarcoidosis'; and 'vasculitis' and 'granuloma.' The identified individual articles were reviewed, and the bibliography of these articles were scrutinized to identify more cases. The pertinent clinical features of these cases were summarized. Result A 36-year-old Caucasian woman, who was diagnosed with histologically confirmed TAK at 22 years of age, was referred for evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established on histopathology of a mediastinal lymph node biopsy. A literature review identified 23 additional cases of coexisting sarcoidosis and TAK, and the clinical features of these cases is described. Conclusion TAK and sarcoidosis may occur in the same patient. Given the prevalence of these diseases, concomitant development of these two diseases is unlikely to be by chance alone and probably reflects a unifying mechanism. Clinicians should be aware of this association in patients in order to make a timely diagnosis and optimize patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Saha
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Stacey L Burns
- Division of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Marc A Judson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Betancourt BY, Ahlman MA, Grayson PC. Sarcoidosis Concomitant With Takayasu Arteritis, Identified by Advanced Molecular Imaging. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:990. [PMID: 30714676 DOI: 10.1002/art.40847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter C Grayson
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitides. Rheumatol Int 2018; 39:169-185. [PMID: 30221327 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4157-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There are no universally accepted diagnostic criteria for large-vessel vasculitides (LVV), including giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Currently, available classification criteria cannot be used for the diagnosis of GCA and TAK. Early diagnosis of these two diseases is quite challenging in clinical practice and may be accomplished only by combining the patient symptoms, physical examination findings, blood test results, imaging findings, and biopsy results, if available. Awareness of red flags which lead the clinician to investigate TAK in a young patient with persistent systemic inflammation is helpful for the early diagnosis. It should be noted that clinical presentation may be highly variable in a subgroup of GCA patients with predominant large-vessel involvement (LVI) and without prominent cranial symptoms. Imaging modalities are especially helpful for the diagnosis of this subgroup. Differential diagnosis between older patients with TAK and this subgroup of GCA patients presenting with LVI may be difficult. Various pathologies may mimic LVV either by causing systemic inflammation and constitutional symptoms, or by causing lumen narrowing with or without aneurysm formation in the aorta and its branches. Differential diagnosis of aortitis is crucial. Infectious aortitis including mycotic aneurysms due to septicemia or endocarditis, as well as causes such as syphilis and mycobacterial infections should always be excluded. On the other hand, the presence of non-infectious aortitis is not unique for TAK and GCA. It should be noted that aortitis, other large-vessel involvement or both, may occasionally be seen in various other autoimmune pathologies including ANCA-positive vasculitides, Behçet's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. Besides, aortitis may be idiopathic and isolated. Atherosclerosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of LVV. Other pathologies which may mimic LVV include, but not limited to, congenital causes of aortic coarctation and middle aortic syndrome, immunoglobulin G4-related disease, and hereditary disorders of connective tissue such as Marfan syndrome and Ehler-Danlos syndrome.
Collapse
|
18
|
New Insights on the Pathogenesis of Takayasu Arteritis: Revisiting the Microbial Theory. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7030073. [PMID: 30200570 PMCID: PMC6160975 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic vasculitis that mainly affects the aorta, its major branches, and the pulmonary arteries. Since the description of the first case by Mikito Takayasu in 1908, several aspects of this rare disease, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, and the appropriate clinical assessment, have been substantially defined. Nevertheless, while it is well-known that TAK is associated with a profound inflammatory process, possibly rooted to an autoimmune disorder, its precise etiology has remained largely unknown. Efforts to identify the antigen(s) that trigger autoimmunity in this disease have been unsuccessful, however, it is likely that viruses or bacteria, by a molecular mimicry mechanism, initiate or propagate the auto-immune process in this disease. In this article, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of TAK, with emphasis on new insights related to the pathogenesis of this entity that may contribute to the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
19
|
Misra DP, Naidu GSRSNK, Agarwal V, Sharma A. Vasculitis research: Current trends and future perspectives. Int J Rheum Dis 2018; 22 Suppl 1:10-20. [PMID: 30168260 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Durga P. Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - Godasi S. R. S. N. K. Naidu
- Department of Internal Medicine; Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Services; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology; Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS); Lucknow India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine; Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Services; Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER); Chandigarh India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wyatt Z. Ultrasound of type 4 Takayasu's arteritis with abdominal aorta and visceral artery stenosis. SONOGRAPHY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sono.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zea Wyatt
- Capital Radiology; Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|