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Andraos R, Ahmad A, Eriksson P, Dahlström Ö, Wirestam L, Dahle C, Hesselstrand R, Bengtsson AA, Jönsen A, Andréasson K, Sjöwall C. Autoantibodies associated with systemic sclerosis in three autoimmune diseases imprinted by type I interferon gene dysregulation: a comparison across SLE, primary Sjögren's syndrome and systemic sclerosis. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000732. [PMID: 36581379 PMCID: PMC9806068 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SLE, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) are heterogeneous autoimmune diseases with a dysregulated type I interferon (IFN) system. The diseases often show overlapping clinical manifestations, which may result in diagnostic challenges. We asked to which extent SSc-associated autoantibodies are present in SLE and pSS, and whether these link to serum IFN-α, clinical phenotypes and sex. Samples with clinical data from patients with SSc and healthy blood donors (HBDs) served as controls. Finally, the diagnostic performance of SSc-associated autoantibodies was evaluated. METHODS Samples from well-characterised subjects with SLE (n=510), pSS (n=116), SSc (n=57) and HBDs (n=236) were analysed using a commercially available immunoassay (EuroLine Systemic Sclerosis Profile (IgG)). IFN-α was quantified by ELISA. Self-reported data on Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) were available. RESULTS With exceptions for anti-Ro52/SSA and anti-Th/To, SSc-associated autoantibodies were more frequent in SSc than in SLE, pSS and HBDs regardless of sex. IFN-α levels correlated with the number of positive SSc-associated autoantibodies (r=0.29, p<0.0001) and associated with Ro52/SSA positivity (p<0.0001). By using data from SLE, SSc and HBDs, RP was significantly associated with topoisomerase I, centromere protein (CENP)-B, RNA polymerase III 11 kDa, RNA polymerase III 155 kDa and PM-Scl100 whereas Ro52/SSA associated inversely with RP. In SLE, CENP-A was associated with immunological disorder, CENP-B with serositis and Ku with lupus nephritis. By combining analysis of ANA (immunofluorescence) with SSc-associated autoantibodies, the diagnostic sensitivity reached 98% and the specificity 33%. CONCLUSIONS The 13 specificities included in the EuroLine immunoassay are commonly detected in SSc, but they are also frequent among individuals with other diseases imprinted by type I IFNs. These findings are valuable when interpreting serological data on patients with suspected SSc, especially as patients may present with disease manifestations overlapping different rheumatological diseases. In SLE, we observed associations between manifestations and SSc-associated autoantibodies which have not previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Andraos
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Clinical Immunology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Swedish Institute for Disability Research, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lina Wirestam
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Clinical Immunology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Andréasson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection/Rheumatology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Kuwana M, Okazaki Y. A Multianalyte Assay for the Detection of Dermatomyositis-Related Autoantibodies Based on Immunoprecipitation Combined With Immunoblotting. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 33:543-548. [PMID: 35662349 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a multianalyte assay for the detection of dermatomyositis (DM)-related autoantibodies using immunoprecipitation (IP) combined with immunoblotting (IB). METHODS Sera from 116 DM patients were subjected to RNA and protein immunoprecipitation assays as well as commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, anti-melanoma differentiation antigen 5 (MDA5), anti-Mi-2, anti-transcriptional intermediary factor-1γ (TIF-1γ), and anti-U1 ribonucleoprotein antibodies. The IP/IB assay was developed by immunoprecipitation of autoantigens from HeLa cell extracts using patient sera, followed by immunoblotting with an antibody against Mi-2, TIF-1γ, OJ, nuclear matrix protein (NXP)-2, MDA5, PM/Scl, small ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme (SAE), or Ku. A multianalyte assay was designed by mixing primary antibodies in the IP/IB assay. RESULTS IP assays identified any DM-related autoantibodies in 100 patients (86%), of which 82% were covered by commercial ELISAs, with a false-positive result in two sera and a false-negative result in one. The results obtained from the multianalyte IP/IB assay and 'gold-standard' IP assays were concordant in terms of the presence or absence of anti-MDA5, anti-TIF-1γ, anti-OJ, anti-NXP-2, anti-PM/Scl, anti-SAE, anti-Mi-2, and anti-Ku antibodies. CONCLUSION This multianalyte IP/IB assay combined with commercial ELISAs is an alternative to 'gold-standard' IP assays for the detection of DM-related autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Scleroderma/Myositis Center of Excellence, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Okazaki
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ichimura Y, Konishi R, Shobo M, Inoue S, Okune M, Maeda A, Tanaka R, Kubota N, Matsumoto I, Ishii A, Tamaoka A, Shimbo A, Mori M, Morio T, Kishi T, Miyamae T, Tanboon J, Inoue M, Nishino I, Fujimoto M, Nomura T, Okiyama N. Reliability of antinuclear matrix protein 2 antibody assays in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies is dependent on target protein properties. J Dermatol 2021; 49:441-447. [PMID: 34967032 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A line blotting assay (LB) is currently used to detect myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), because of its simplicity; however, the sensitivity and specificity of this assay is low. The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of the commercial LB in detection of antinuclear matrix protein 2 (NXP2) antibody. Seventy-seven serum samples from patients with IIMs, in which anti-NXP2 antibodies were detected through immunoprecipitation and western blotting (IP-WB) using K562 cell lysate, were enrolled. All samples were assessed by LB and IP-WB using recombinant human NXP2 whole protein (rNXP2) produced by insect cells, and the positive rates of each assay were compared. Thirty-two samples (41.6%) showed false-negativity by LB, which includes 11 samples with negative results by IP-WB using rNXP2. Relative intensities of IP-WB using cell lysate were significantly higher in the samples with positive results by both LB and IP-WB using rNXP2, compared to samples with positive by IP-WB using rNXP2 but negative by LB. Three of 11 samples with negative results by both LB and IP-WB using rNXP2 revealed high antibody titers. Further, differences in post-transcriptional SUMOylation were observed between recombinant and natural NXP2 proteins. In conclusion, the LB showed low sensitivity for detection of anti-NXP2 antibody, an effect exacerbated at low titers of anti-NXP2 antibodies. Moreover, there appears to be differences in the reactivities of antibodies to recombinant and natural NXP2 proteins with different post-transcriptional modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Konishi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwako Shobo
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sae Inoue
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mari Okune
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akemi Maeda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Kubota
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Asami Shimbo
- Department of Pediatrics and Development Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Mori
- Department of Lifetime Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Development Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kishi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Miyamae
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jantima Tanboon
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Inoue
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nomura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoko Okiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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The emerging roles of exosomes in autoimmune diseases, with special emphasis on microRNAs in exosomes. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105680. [PMID: 34010670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic vasculitis, dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis (SSc), mixed connective tissue disease, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune thyroiditis (AITD) and ulcerative colitis. Exosomes exist in body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and milk. They are mainly derived from the invagination of intracellular lysosomal particles, which are released into the extracellular matrix after fusion of the outer membrane of the exosomes with the cell membrane. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication and regulate the biological activity of receptor cells by carrying proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Evidences show that exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. In view of the important roles of exosomes in autoimmune diseases, this work systematically reviewed the effects of exosomes on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, especially the regulatory roles of exosome derived microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of RA, SLE, dermatomyositis, SSc, AITD and ulcerative colitis. The review of the roles of exosomes in autoimmune diseases will help to clarify the pathogenesis of these diseases and explore new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Amirhosseini M, Alkaissi H, Hultman PA, Havarinasab S. Autoantibodies in outbred Swiss Webster mice following exposure to gold and mercury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 412:115379. [PMID: 33358697 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to heavy metals may have toxic effects on several human organs causing morbidity and mortality. Metals may trigger or exacerbate autoimmunity in humans. Inbred mouse strains with certain H-2 haplotypes are susceptible to xenobiotic-induced autoimmunity; and their immune response to metals such as mercury, gold, and silver have been explored. Serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA), polyclonal B-cell activation, hypergammaglobulinemia and tissue immune complex deposition are the main features of metal-induced autoimmunity in inbred mice. However, inbred mouse strains do not represent the genetic heterogeneity in humans. In this study, outbred Swiss Webster (SW) mice exposed to gold or mercury salts showed immune and autoimmune responses. Intramuscular injection of 22.5 mg/kg.bw aurothiomalate (AuTM) induced IgG ANA in SW mice starting after 5 weeks that persisted until week 15 although with a lower intensity. This was accompanied by elevated serum levels of total IgG antibodies against chromatin and total histones. Exposure to gold led to development of serum IgG autoantibodies corresponding to H1 and H2A histones, and dsDNA. Both gold and mercury induced polyclonal B-cell activation. Eight mg/L mercuric chloride (HgCl2) in drinking water, caused IgG antinucleolar antibodies (ANoA) after 5 weeks in SW mice accompanied by immune complex deposition in kidneys and spleen. Serum IgG antibodies corresponding to anti-fibrillarin, and anti-PM/Scl-100 antibodies, were observed in mercury-exposed SW mice. Gold and mercury trigger systemic autoimmune response in genetically heterogeneous outbred SW mice and suggest them as an appropriate model to study xenobiotic-induced autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Amirhosseini
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hammoudi Alkaissi
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per A Hultman
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical Pathology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Said Havarinasab
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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