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He T, Tu B, Jiang J, Mao X, Zhen Q, Jiang X, Wang F, Wang M, Wang Y, Sun H. Death in a farmer with underlying diseases carrying Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 producing Zonula occludens toxin. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:83-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Li X, Zhao L, Gao H, Chen L, Fan F, Li Z, Fan Y, Li J, Liang W, Pang B, Kan B. A novel pre-CTX prophage in the Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 strain. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 81:104238. [PMID: 32045711 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Vibrio cholerae, the lysogenic bacteriophage CTXΦ carries the cholera toxin genes ctxAB, which can be transferred from toxigenic strains to nontoxigenic strains through infection and lysogenic conversion of CTXΦ. This phage also has the precursor genome which does not harbor ctxAB, named pre-CTXΦ. Based on the sequences of the transcriptional regulator-encoding gene rstR alleles in CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ, multiple types of these prophages have been classified and identified in toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae strains. In this study, by combining the short-read and long-read sequencing approaches of next generation sequencing, we obtained the complete genome sequence of the studied V. cholerae toxigenic serogroup O139 strain and identified the CTXΦ and a pre-CTXΦ genome type encoding a novel rstR allele, pre-CTXZHJΦ. This pre-CTX prophage integrates into the small chromosome of the V. cholerae host strain and coexists with a typical CTXETΦ prophage present in the large chromosome, which is commonly present in the seventh pandemic serogroup O1 and toxigenic serogroup O139 strains. RstRZHJ could bind to the ig-2 region in the RstAB promotor in the pre-CTXZHJΦ genome, and could repress the expression of its own rstAB genes but could not repress rstAB expression in CTXETΦ and CTXclassΦ, suggesting that the V. cholerae strains carrying the pre-CTXZHJΦ prophage cannot prevent the infection of these epidemic CTXΦs, hence have the potentiality to become toxigenic by acquiring and lysogenic conversion of CTXΦs. Our study identified a novel pre-CTXΦ type, and presents the new evidence for the complexity and diversity of the CTXΦ/pre-CTXΦ family in V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Zhangjiagang, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenxia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Weili Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang H, Yang C, Sun Z, Zheng W, Zhang W, Yu H, Wu Y, Didelot X, Yang R, Pan J, Cui Y. Genomic epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae reveals the regional and global spread of two epidemic non-toxigenic lineages. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008046. [PMID: 32069325 PMCID: PMC7048298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolates have been found associated with diarrheal disease globally, however, the global picture of non-toxigenic infections is largely unknown. Among non-toxigenic V. cholerae, ctxAB negative, tcpA positive (CNTP) isolates have the highest risk of disease. From 2001 to 2012, 71 infectious diarrhea cases were reported in Hangzhou, China, caused by CNTP serogroup O1 isolates. We sequenced 119 V. cholerae genomes isolated from patients, carriers and the environment in Hangzhou between 2001 and 2012, and compared them with 850 publicly available global isolates. We found that CNTP isolates from Hangzhou belonged to two distinctive lineages, named L3b and L9. Both lineages caused disease over a long time period with usually mild or moderate clinical symptoms. Within Hangzhou, the spread route of the L3b lineage was apparently from rural to urban areas, with aquatic food products being the most likely medium. Both lineages had been previously reported as causing local endemic disease in Latin America, but here we show that global spread of them has occurred, with the most likely origin of L3b lineage being in Central Asia. The L3b lineage has spread to China on at least three occasions. Other spread events, including from China to Thailand and to Latin America were also observed. We fill the missing links in the global spread of the two non-toxigenic serogroup O1 V. cholerae lineages that can cause human infection. The results are important for the design of future disease control strategies: surveillance of V. cholerae should not be limited to ctxAB positive strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiu Wang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Sun
- Institution of Infectious Disease Control, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yarong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xavier Didelot
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingcao Pan
- Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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Luo Y, Octavia S, Jin D, Ye J, Miao Z, Jiang T, Xia S, Lan R. US Gulf-like toxigenic O1 Vibrio cholerae causing sporadic cholera outbreaks in China. J Infect 2016; 72:564-72. [PMID: 26920786 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cholera is potentially a life threatening disease caused by toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. Here we report the identification and characterisation of 76 non-7th pandemic clone O1 V. cholerae isolates including 65 clinical isolates from diarrhoeal patients from 2005 to 2014 in Zhejiang Province, China. METHODS We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to characterise 65 V. cholerae isolates. Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on a subset of the isolates and whole-genome sequencing was done on 13 isolates. RESULTS MLST separated 65 isolates into 19 sequence types (STs). Thirty three isolates belonged to ST75 which also contains the US Gulf Coast clone. PFGE separated the 33 isolates into 16 pulsotypes. Whole genome sequencing of 10 ST75 isolates showed that the US Gulf Coast clone and the Chinese ST75 isolates can be separated into two distinct lineages, ST75a and ST75b. All Zhejiang ST75 isolates were ST75b. CONCLUSION PFGE and genome sequencing confirmed the linked cases and identified small outbreaks caused by ST75b. The emergence and potential spread of ST75b may pose significant threat to public health. Epidemiological surveillance is required to further understand its epidemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sophie Octavia
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Dazhi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Julian Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziping Miao
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shichang Xia
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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The Hybrid Pre-CTXΦ-RS1 Prophage Genome and Its Regulatory Function in Environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 Strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:7171-7. [PMID: 26253680 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01742-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholera toxin genes of Vibrio cholerae are encoded by CTXΦ, a lysogenic bacteriophage. Infection with this phage plays a determinant role in toxigenicity conversion and the emergence of new clones of pathogenic V. cholerae. Multiple phage alleles, defined by sequence types of the repressor gene rstR, have been found, showing the divergence of phage genomes. Pre-CTXΦ, which is characterized by the absence of toxin genes, is predicted to be the precursor of CTXΦ. We have found a new pre-CTXΦ prophage genome (named pre-CTXZJΦ for its novel rstR allele) in nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 isolates that were obtained during surveillance of the estuary water of the Zhujiang River. A novel hybrid genome of the helper phage RS1 was identified in an environmental strain carrying pre-CTXZJΦ in this study. The chromosomal integration and genomic arrangement of pre-CTXZJΦ and RS1 were determined. The RS2 of pre-CTXZJΦ was shown to have a function in replication, but it seemed to have lost its ability to integrate. The RstR of pre-CTXZJΦ exerted the highest repression of its own rstA promoter compared to other RstRs, suggesting rstR-specific phage superinfection immunity and potential coinfection with other pre-CTXΦ/CTXΦ alleles. The environmental strain carrying pre-CTXZJΦ could still be infected by CTXETΦ, the most common phage allele in the strains of the seventh cholera pandemic, suggesting that this nontoxigenic clone could potentially undergo toxigenicity conversion by CTXΦ infection and become a new toxigenic clone despite already containing the pre-CTXΦ prophage.
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Fan F, Kan B. Survival and proliferation of the lysogenic bacteriophage CTXΦ in Vibrio cholerae. Virol Sin 2015; 30:19-25. [PMID: 25613689 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-014-3550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysogenic phage CTXΦ of Vibrio cholerae can transfer the cholera toxin gene both horizontally (inter-strain) and vertically (cell proliferation). Due to its diversity in form and species, the complexity of regulatory mechanisms, and the important role of the infection mechanism in the production of new virulent strains of V. cholerae, the study of the lysogenic phage CTXΦ has attracted much attention. Based on the progress of current research, the genomic features and their arrangement, the host-dependent regulatory mechanisms of CTXΦ phage survival, proliferation and propagation were reviewed to further understand the phage's role in the evolutionary and epidemiological mechanisms of V. cholerae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenxia Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206, China,
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