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Botts RT, Page DM, Bravo JA, Brown ML, Castilleja CC, Guzman VL, Hall S, Henderson JD, Kenney SM, Lensink ME, Paternoster MV, Pyle SL, Ustick L, Walters-Laird CJ, Top EM, Cummings DE. Polluted wetlands contain multidrug-resistance plasmids encoding CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Plasmid 2023; 126:102682. [PMID: 37023995 PMCID: PMC10213127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2023.102682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
While most detailed analyses of antibiotic resistance plasmids focus on those found in clinical isolates, less is known about the vast environmental reservoir of mobile genetic elements and the resistance and virulence factors they encode. We selectively isolated three strains of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli from a wastewater-impacted coastal wetland. The cefotaxime-resistant phenotype was transmissible to a lab strain of E. coli after one hour, with frequencies as high as 10-3 transconjugants per recipient. Two of the plasmids also transferred cefotaxime resistance to Pseudomonas putida, but these were unable to back-transfer this resistance from P. putida to E. coli. In addition to the cephalosporins, E. coli transconjugants inherited resistance to at least seven distinct classes of antibiotics. Complete nucleotide sequences revealed large IncF-type plasmids with globally distributed replicon sequence types F31:A4:B1 and F18:B1:C4 carrying diverse antibiotic resistance and virulence genes. The plasmids encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamases blaCTX-M-15 or blaCTX-M-55, each associated with the insertion sequence ISEc9, although in different local arrangements. Despite similar resistance profiles, the plasmids shared only one resistance gene in common, the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase aac(3)-IIe. Plasmid accessory cargo also included virulence factors involved in iron acquisition and defense against host immunity. Despite their sequence similarities, several large-scale recombination events were detected, including rearrangements and inversions. In conclusion, selection with a single antibiotic, cefotaxime, yielded conjugative plasmids conferring multiple resistance and virulence factors. Clearly, efforts to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence among bacteria must include a greater understanding of mobile elements in the natural and human-impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Botts
- Department of Mathematics, Information, and Computer Sciences, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Dawne M Page
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Joseph A Bravo
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Madelaine L Brown
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Claudia C Castilleja
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Victoria L Guzman
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Samantha Hall
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Jacob D Henderson
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Shelby M Kenney
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Mariele E Lensink
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Megan V Paternoster
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Sarah L Pyle
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Lucas Ustick
- Department of Mathematics, Information, and Computer Sciences, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America; Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Chara J Walters-Laird
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America
| | - Eva M Top
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Interdisciplinary Data Sciences (IIDS), University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr., Moscow, ID 83844, United States of America
| | - David E Cummings
- Department of Biology, Point Loma Nazarene University, 3900 Lomaland Dr., San Diego, CA 92106, United States of America.
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Foyle L, Burnett M, Creaser A, Hens R, Keough J, Madin L, Price R, Smith H, Stone S, Kinobe RT. Prevalence and distribution of antimicrobial resistance in effluent wastewater from animal slaughter facilities: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120848. [PMID: 36563990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of antibiotics in food animal production and disposal of untreated wastewater from food animal slaughter facilities may create a shift in microbiomes of different ecosystems by generating reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance along the human-animal-environmental interface. This epidemiological problem has been studied, but its magnitude and impact on a global scale is poorly characterised. A systematic review was done to determine global prevalence and distribution patterns of antimicrobial resistance in effluent wastewater from animal slaughter facilities. Extracted data were stratified into rational groups for secondary analyses and presented as percentages. Culture and sensitivity testing was the predominant method; Escherichia spp., Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were the most targeted isolates. Variable incidences of resistance were detected against all major antimicrobial classes including reserved drugs such as ceftazidime, piperacillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol; the median frequency and range in resistant Gram-negative isolates were: 11 (0-100), 62 (0-100), 8 (0-100), 14 (0-93) and 12 (0-62) respectively. Ciprofloxacin was the most tested drug with the highest incidences of resistance in livestock slaughterhouses in Iran (93%), Nigeria (50%) and China (20%), and poultry slaughterhouses in Germany (21-81%) and Spain (56%). Spatial global distribution patterns for antimicrobial resistance were associated with previously reported magnitude of antibiotic use in livestock or poultry farming and, the implicit existence of jurisdictional policies to regulate antibiotic use. These data indicate that anthropogenic activities in farming systems are a major contributor to the cause and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance into the environment via slaughterhouse effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Foyle
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Solander Drive, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Matthew Burnett
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Abbey Creaser
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Rachel Hens
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Julia Keough
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Lauren Madin
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Ruby Price
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Hayley Smith
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Samuel Stone
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Robert T Kinobe
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, 1 Solander Drive, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia; Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Solander Drive, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.
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Dupouy V, Abdelli M, Moyano G, Arpaillange N, Bibbal D, Cadiergues MC, Lopez-Pulin D, Sayah-Jeanne S, de Gunzburg J, Saint-Lu N, Gonzalez-Zorn B, Andremont A, Bousquet-Mélou A. Prevalence of Beta-Lactam and Quinolone/Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae From Dogs in France and Spain-Characterization of ESBL/pAmpC Isolates, Genes, and Conjugative Plasmids. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:279. [PMID: 31544108 PMCID: PMC6730528 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative data on fecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are crucial to assess the risk of transmission from dogs to humans. Our first objective was to investigate the prevalence of quinolone/fluoroquinolone-resistant and beta-lactam-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in dogs in France and Spain. Due to the particular concern about possible transmission of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant isolates from dogs to their owners, we characterized the ESBL/pAmpC producers collected from dogs. Rectal swabs from 188 dogs, without signs of diarrhea and that had not received antimicrobials for 4 weeks before the study, were quantified for total and resistant Enterobacteriaceae on selective media alone or containing relevant antibiotic concentrations. Information that might explain antibiotic resistance was collected for each dog. Extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant isolates were subjected to bacterial species identification (API20E), genetic lineage characterization (MLST), ESBL/pAmpC genes identification (sequencing), and plasmid characterization (pMLST). Regarding beta-lactam resistance, amoxicillin- (AMX) and cefotaxime- (CTX) resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 70 and 18% of the dogs, respectively, whereas for quinolone/fluoroquinolone-resistance, Nalidixic acid- (NAL) and ciprofloxacin- (CIP) resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 36 and 18% of the dogs, respectively. Medical rather than preventive consultation was a risk marker for the presence of NAL and CIP resistance. CTX resistance was mainly due to a combination of specific ESBL/pAmpC genes and particular conjugative plasmids already identified in human patients: bla CTX-M-1/IncI1/ST3 (n = 4), bla CMY-2/IncI1/ST12 (n = 2), and bla CTX-M-15/IncI1/ST31 (n = 1). bla SHV-12 (n = 3) was detected in various plasmid lineages (InI1/ST3, IncI1/ST26, and IncFII). ESBL/pAmpC plasmids were located in different genetic lineages of E. coli, with the exception of two strains in France (ST6998) and two in Spain (ST602). Our study highlights dogs as a potential source of Q/FQ-resistant and ESBL/pAmpC-producing bacteria that might further disseminate to humans, and notably a serious risk of future acquisition of CTX-M-1 and CMY-2 plasmids by the owners of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Moyano
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Delphine Bibbal
- InTheRes, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Projahn M, Pacholewicz E, Becker E, Correia-Carreira G, Bandick N, Kaesbohrer A. Reviewing Interventions against Enterobacteriaceae in Broiler Processing: Using Old Techniques for Meeting the New Challenges of ESBL E. coli? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7309346. [PMID: 30426012 PMCID: PMC6218796 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7309346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) producing Enterobacteriaceae are frequently detected in poultry and fresh chicken meat. Due to the high prevalence, an impact on human colonization and the spread of antibiotic resistance into the environment is assumed. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae can be transmitted along the broiler production chain but also their persistence is reported because of insufficient cleaning and disinfection. Processing of broiler chickens leads to a reduction of microbiological counts on the carcasses. However, processing steps like scalding, defeathering, and evisceration are critical concerning fecal contamination and, therefore, cross-contamination with bacterial strains. Respective intervention measures along the slaughter processing line aim at reducing the microbiological load on broiler carcasses as well as preventing cross-contamination. Published data on the impact of possible intervention measures against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are missing and, therefore, we focused on processing measures concerning Enterobacteriaceae, in particular E. coli or coliform counts, during processing of broiler chickens to identify possible hints for effective strategies to reduce these resistant bacteria. In total, 73 publications were analyzed and data on the quantitative reductions were extracted. Most investigations concentrated on scalding, postdefeathering washes, and improvements in the chilling process and were already published in and before 2008 (n=42, 58%). Therefore, certain measures may be already installed in slaughterhouse facilities today. The effect on eliminating ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae is questionable as there are still positive chicken meat samples found. A huge number of studies dealt with different applications of chlorine substances which are not approved in the European Union and the reduction level did not exceed 3 log10 values. None of the measures was able to totally eradicate Enterobacteriaceae from the broiler carcasses indicating the need to develop intervention measures to prevent contamination with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and, therefore, the exposure of humans and the further release of antibiotic resistances into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Projahn
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ewa Pacholewicz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Evelyne Becker
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Correia-Carreira
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Niels Bandick
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Kaesbohrer
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Diedersdorfer Weg 1, 12277 Berlin, Germany
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Madec JY, Haenni M. Antimicrobial resistance plasmid reservoir in food and food-producing animals. Plasmid 2018; 99:72-81. [PMID: 30194944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) plasmids have been recognized as important vectors for efficient spread of AMR phenotypes. The food reservoir includes both food-producing animals and food products, and a huge diversity of AMR plasmids have been reported in this sector. Based on molecular typing methods and/or whole genome sequencing approaches, certain AMR genes/plasmids combinations were found more frequently in food compared to other settings. However, the food source of a definite AMR plasmid is highly complex to confirm due to cross-sectorial transfers and international spread of AMR plasmids. For risk assessment purposes related to human health, AMR plasmids found in food and bearing genes conferring resistances to critically important antibiotics in human medicine - such as to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems or colistin - have been under specific scrutiny these last years. Those plasmids are often multidrug resistant and their dissemination can be driven by the selective pressure exerted by any of the antibiotics concerned. Also, AMR plasmids carry numerous other genes conferring vital properties to the bacterial cell and are recurrently subjected to evolutionary steps such as hybrid plasmids, making the epidemiology of AMR plasmids in food a moving picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Vu TTT, Alter T, Roesler U, Roschanski N, Huehn S. Investigation of Extended-Spectrum and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Retail Seafood in Berlin, Germany. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1079-1086. [PMID: 29897274 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Retail seafood in Berlin, Germany, was investigated to detect the prevalence and quantitative load of Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase (AmpC). A total of 160 raw seafood samples were screened for the presence of these bacteria using MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/L cefotaxime after nonselective enrichment. Isolated species were subsequently identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight analysis. ESBL and AmpC production was tested by the disk diffusion method, and ESBL and AmpC genes were characterized using real-time and conventional PCR assays with DNA sequencing. Spread plating was used for quantification of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Overall, these bacteria were detected in 21.3% of seafood samples (34 of 160 samples) with prevalences of 22.5 and 20% for shrimp and bivalves, respectively. Of the positive samples, 91.2% contained an ESBL- or AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae load of <100 CFU/g (lower detection limit), and 8.8% contained 100 to 1,000 CFU/g. Among the 45 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae (13 isolates) and Escherichia coli (12 isolates) were the predominant species. ESBL and AmpC genes were detected in 33 isolates, with the majority of isolates harboring blaCTX-M (27.3%), blaCMY (21.2%), or blaDHA (21.2%). Our study highlights the hazard associated with seafood containing ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Germany. Even though the contamination levels were low, the high prevalence of ESBL- and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae in seafood might be of concern to public health because of the potential transmission of these bacteria from seafood to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Uwe Roesler
- 2 Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Nicole Roschanski
- 2 Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Stephan Huehn
- 3 Life Sciences and Technology, Beuth University of Applied Science, Berlin, Germany
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