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Affinito F, Kordas RL, Matias MG, Pawar S. Metabolic plasticity drives mismatches in physiological traits between prey and predator. Commun Biol 2024; 7:653. [PMID: 38806643 PMCID: PMC11133466 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic rate, the rate of energy use, underpins key ecological traits of organisms, from development and locomotion to interaction rates between individuals. In a warming world, the temperature-dependence of metabolic rate is anticipated to shift predator-prey dynamics. Yet, there is little real-world evidence on the effects of warming on trophic interactions. We measured the respiration rates of aquatic larvae of three insect species from populations experiencing a natural temperature gradient in a large-scale mesocosm experiment. Using a mechanistic model we predicted the effects of warming on these taxa's predator-prey interaction rates. We found that species-specific differences in metabolic plasticity lead to mismatches in the temperature-dependence of their relative velocities, resulting in altered predator-prey interaction rates. This study underscores the role of metabolic plasticity at the species level in modifying trophic interactions and proposes a mechanistic modelling approach that allows an efficient, high-throughput estimation of climate change threats across species pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Affinito
- Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK.
- McGill University Department of Biology, 1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
- Québec Centre for Biodiversity Science, 1205 Dr Penfield Ave, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada.
| | - Rebecca L Kordas
- Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Miguel G Matias
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C. de José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Chamartín, 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Rui Nabeiro Biodiversity Chair, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra Apartado 94, 7006-554, Évora, Portugal
| | - Samraat Pawar
- Imperial College London Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Berks, SL5 7PY, UK
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2
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Schoenle A, Scepanski D, Floß A, Büchel P, Koblitz AK, Scherwaß A, Arndt H, Waldvogel AM. The dilemma of underestimating freshwater biodiversity: morphological and molecular approaches. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:69. [PMID: 38802764 PMCID: PMC11131255 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02261-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anthropogenic impacts on freshwater habitats are causing a recent biodiversity decline far greater than that documented for most terrestrial ecosystems. However, knowledge and description of freshwater biodiversity is still limited, especially targeting all size classes to uncover the distribution of biodiversity between different trophic levels. We assessed the biodiversity of the Lower Rhine and associated water bodies in the river's flood plain including the river's main channel, oxbows and gravel-pit lakes, spanning from the level of protists up to the level of larger invertebrate predators and herbivores organized in size classes (nano-, micro, meio- and macrofauna). Morphological diversity was determined by morphotypes, while the molecular diversity (amplicon sequencing variants, ASVs) was assessed through eDNA samples with metabarcoding targeting the V9 region of the 18S rDNA. RESULTS Considering all four investigated size classes, the percentage of shared taxa between both approaches eDNA (ASVs with 80-100% sequence similarity to reference sequences) and morphology (morphotypes), was always below 15% (5.4 ± 3.9%). Even with a more stringent filtering of ASVs (98-100% similarity), the overlap of taxa could only reach up to 43% (18.3 ± 12%). We observed low taxonomic resolution of reference sequences from freshwater organisms in public databases for all size classes, especially for nano-, micro-, and meiofauna, furthermore lacking metainformation if species occur in freshwater, marine or terrestrial ecosystems. CONCLUSIONS In our study, we provide a combination of morphotype detection and metabarcoding that particularly reveals the diversity in the smaller size classes and furthermore highlights the lack of genetic resources in reference databases for this diversity. Especially for protists (nano- and microfauna), a combination of molecular and morphological approaches is needed to gain the highest possible community resolution. The assessment of freshwater biodiversity needs to account for its sub-structuring in different ecological size classes and across compartments in order to reveal the ecological dimension of diversity and its distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schoenle
- Ecological Genomics, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Scepanski
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Floß
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascal Büchel
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Koblitz
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Scherwaß
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- General Ecology, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ann-Marie Waldvogel
- Ecological Genomics, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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3
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Bell KL, Campos M, Hoffmann BD, Encinas-Viso F, Hunter GC, Webber BL. Environmental DNA methods for biosecurity and invasion biology in terrestrial ecosystems: Progress, pitfalls, and prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171810. [PMID: 38513869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) enables indirect detection of species without the need to directly observe and sample them. For biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA-based methods are useful to address biological invasions at all phases, from detecting arrivals to confirming eradication of past invasions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found that in biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA has primarily been used to detect new incursions and monitor spread in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with much slower uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, reflecting a broader trend common to the usage of eDNA tools. In terrestrial ecosystems, eDNA research has mostly focussed on the use of eDNA metabarcoding to characterise biodiversity, rather than targeting biosecurity threats or non-native populations. We discuss how eDNA-based methods are being applied to terrestrial ecosystems for biosecurity and managing non-native populations at each phase of the invasion continuum: transport, introduction, establishment, and spread; across different management options: containment, control, and eradication; and for detecting the impact of non-native organisms. Finally, we address some of the current technical issues and caveats of eDNA-based methods, particularly for terrestrial ecosystems, and how these might be solved. As eDNA-based methods improve, they will play an increasingly important role in the early detection and adaptive management of biological invasions, and the implementation of effective biosecurity controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Bell
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
| | - Mariana Campos
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | | | - Francisco Encinas-Viso
- CSIRO Centre of Australian National Biodiversity Research, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Gavin C Hunter
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Bruce L Webber
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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4
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Sarafidou G, Tsaparis D, Issaris Y, Chatzigeorgiou G, Grigoriou P, Chatzinikolaou E, Pavloudi C. Insights on Pinna nobilis population genetic structure in the Aegean and Ionian Sea. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16491. [PMID: 38047017 PMCID: PMC10693241 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fan mussel Pinna nobilis Linnaeus, 1758 is an endemic species of the Mediterranean Sea, protected by international agreements. It is one of the largest bivalves in the world, playing an important role in the benthic communities; yet it has been recently characterized as Critically Endangered by the IUCN, due to mass mortality events. In this context, the assessment of the genetic variation of the remaining P. nobilis populations and the evaluation of connectivity among them are crucial elements for the conservation of the species. For this purpose, samples were collected from six regions of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea; the Islands of Karpathos, Lesvos and Crete; the Chalkidiki and Attica Peninsulas; and the Amvrakikos Gulf. Sampling was performed either by collecting tissue from the individuals or by using a non-invasive method, i.e., by scraping the inside of their shells aiming to collect their mucus and thus avoid stress induction to them. Conventional molecular techniques with the use of the COI and 16S rRNA mitochondrial markers were selected for the depiction of the intra-population genetic variability. The analyses included 104 samples from the present study and publicly available sequences of individuals across the whole Mediterranean Sea. The results of this work (a) suggest the use of eDNA as an efficient sampling method for protected bivalves and (b) shed light to the genetic structure of P. nobilis population in the Eastern Mediterranean; this latter knowledge might prove to be fundamental for the species conservation and hence the ecosystem resilience. The haplotype analyses reinforced the evidence that there is a certain degree of connectivity among the distinct regions of the Mediterranean; yet there is evidence of population distinction within the basin, namely between the Western and the Eastern basins. The combination of both genetic markers in the same analysis along with the inclusion of a large number of individuals produced more robust results, revealing a group of haplotypes being present only in the Eastern Mediterranean and providing insights for the species' most suitable conservation management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Sarafidou
- Institute of Oceanography (IO), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Anavyssos, Greece
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsaparis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Yiannis Issaris
- Institute of Oceanography (IO), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Anavyssos, Greece
| | - Giorgos Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Grigoriou
- Cretaquarium, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eva Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture (IMBBC), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Pavloudi
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR CNRS 3278 Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, Centre de Recherche Insulaire et Observatoire de l’Environnement (CRIOBE), Moorea, French Polynesia
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Pérez-Fleitas E, Milián-García Y, Sosa-Rodríguez G, Amato G, Rossi N, Shirley MH, Hanner RH. Environmental DNA-based biomonitoring of Cuban Crocodylus and their accompanying vertebrate fauna from Zapata Swamp, Cuba. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20438. [PMID: 37993480 PMCID: PMC10665403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Crocodylians globally face considerable challenges, including population decline and extensive habitat modification. Close monitoring of crocodylian populations and their habitats is imperative for the timely detection of population trends, especially in response to management interventions. Here we use eDNA metabarcoding to identify the Critically Endangered Crocodylus rhombifer and the Vulnerable C. acutus, as well as vertebrate community diversity, in Cuba's Zapata Swamp. We tested four different primer sets, including those used previously in Crocodylus population genetic and phylogenetic research, for their efficiency at detecting crocodylian eDNA. We detected C. rhombifer eDNA in 11 out of 15 sampled locations within its historical geographic distribution. We found that data analyses using the VertCOI primers and the mBRAVE bioinformatics pipeline were the most effective molecular marker and pipeline combination for identifying this species from environmental samples. We also identified 55 vertebrate species in environmental samples across the four bioinformatics pipelines- ~ 85% known to be present in the Zapata ecosystem. Among them were eight species previously undetected in the area and eight alien species, including known predators of hatchling crocodiles (e.g., Clarias sp.) and egg predators (e.g., Mus musculus). This study highlights eDNA metabarcoding as a powerful tool for crocodylian biomonitoring within fragile and diverse ecosystems, particularly where fast, non-invasive methods permit detection in economically important areas and will lead to a better understanding of complex human-crocodile interactions and evaluate habitat suitability for potential reintroductions or recovery programs for threatened crocodylian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etiam Pérez-Fleitas
- Enterprise for the Conservation of the Zapata Swamp, Ciénaga de Zapata, Matanzas, Cuba.
| | | | | | - George Amato
- Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Natalia Rossi
- Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10460, USA
| | - Matthew H Shirley
- National Forensic Science Technology Center, Global Forensics and Justice Center, Florida International University, 8285 Bryan Dairy Rd #125, Largo, FL, 33777, USA
| | - Robert H Hanner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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6
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Grižančić L, Baričević A, Smodlaka Tanković M, Vlašiček I, Knjaz M, Podolšak I, Kogovšek T, Pfannkuchen MA, Marić Pfannkuchen D. A metabarcode based (species) inventory of the northern Adriatic phytoplankton. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e106947. [PMID: 38318520 PMCID: PMC10840511 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e106947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The northern Adriatic is characterised as the coldest and most productive marine area of the Mediterranean, which is due to high nutrient levels introduced by river discharges, the largest of which is the Italian Po River (at the same time also the largest freshwater input into the Mediterranean). The northern Adriatic is a very shallow marine ecosystem with ocean current patterns that result in long retention times of plankton in the area. The northern Adriatic phytoplankton biodiversity and abundance are well-studied, through many scientific and long-term monitoring reports. These datasets were based on phytoplankton morphological traits traditionally obtained with light microscopy. The most recent comprehensive eastern Adriatic phytoplankton checklist was published more than 20 years ago and is still valuable today. Since phytoplankton taxonomy and systematics are constantly being reviewed (partly also due to new molecular methods of species identification that complement classical methodologies), checklists need to be updated and complemented. Today, metabarcoding of molecular markers gains more and more importance in biodiversity research and monitoring. Here, we report the use of high throughput sequencing methods to re-examine taxonomic richness and provide updated knowledge of phytoplankton diversity in the eastern northern Adriatic to complement the standardised light microscopy method. New information This study aimed to report an up-to-date list of the phytoplankton taxonomic richness and phylogenetic relationships in the eastern northern Adriatic, based on sequence variability of barcoding genes resolved with advanced molecular tools, namely metabarcoding. Here, metabarcoding is used to complement standardised light microscopy to advance conventional monitoring and research of phytoplankton communities for the purpose of assessing biodiversity and the status of the marine environments. Monthly two-year net sampling targeted six phytoplankton groups including Bacillariophyceae (diatoms) and Chrysophyceae (golden algae) belonging to Ochrophyta, Dinophyceae (dinoflagellates), Cryptophyceae (cryptophytes), Haptophyta (mostly coccolithophorids) and Chlorophyta with Prasinophyceae (prasinophytes) and Chlorophyceae (protist green algae). Generated sequence data were taxonomically assigned and redistributed in two kingdoms, five classes, 32 orders, 49 families and 67 genera. The most diverse group were dinoflagellates, comprising of 34 found genera (48.3%), following by diatoms with 23 (35.4%) and coccolithophorids with three genera (4.0%). In terms of genetic diversity, results were a bit different: a great majority of sequences with one nucleotide tolerance (ASVs, Amplicon sequence variants) assigned to species or genus level were dinoflagellates (83.8%), 13.7% diatoms and 1.6% Chlorophyta, respectively. Although many taxa have not been detected that have been considered as common in this area, metabarcoding revealed five diatoms and 20 dinoflagellate genera that were not reported in previous checklists, along with a few species from other targeted groups that have been reported previously. We here describe the first comprehensive 18S metabarcode inventory for the northern Adriatic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Grižančić
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Ana Baričević
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Mirta Smodlaka Tanković
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Ivan Vlašiček
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Mia Knjaz
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Ivan Podolšak
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Tjaša Kogovšek
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Martin Andreas Pfannkuchen
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
| | - Daniela Marić Pfannkuchen
- Ruder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine Research, Rovinj-Rovigno, CroatiaRuder Boskovic Institute, Centre for Marine ResearchRovinj-RovignoCroatia
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7
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Yang J, Zhang L, Mu Y, Wang J, Yu H, Zhang X. Unsupervised biological integrity assessment by eDNA biomonitoring of multi-trophic aquatic taxa. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 175:107950. [PMID: 37182420 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The biological integrity of global freshwater ecosystems is threatened by ever-increasing environmental stressors due to increased human activities, such as land-use change, eutrophication, toxic pollutants, overfishing, and exploitation. Traditional ecological assessments of lake or riverine ecosystems often require human supervision of a pre-selected reference area, using the current state of the reference area as the expected state. However, selecting an appropriate reference area has become increasingly difficult with the expansion of human activities. Here, an unsupervised biological integrity assessment framework based on environmental DNA metabarcoding without a prior reference area is proposed. Taxon richness, species dominance, co-occurrence network density, and phylogenetic distance were used to assess the aquatic communities in the Taihu Lake basin. Multi-gene metabarcoding revealed comprehensive biodiversity at multiple trophic levels including algae, protists, zooplankton, and fish. Fish sequences were mainly derived from 12S, zooplankton mainly from mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I, and algae and protists mainly from 18S. There were significant differences in community composition among lakes, rivers, and reservoirs but no significant differences in the four fundamental biological indicators. The algal and zooplankton integrities were positively correlated with protist and fish integrities, respectively. Additionally, the algal integrity of lakes was found to be significantly lower than that of rivers. The unsupervised assessment framework proposed in this study allows different ecosystems, including the same ecosystem in different seasons, to adopt the same indicators and assessment methods, which is more convenient for environmental management and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yawen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Jiangye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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8
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Mestre F, Rozenfeld A, Araújo MB. Human disturbances affect the topology of food webs. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2476-2488. [PMID: 36167463 PMCID: PMC9828725 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Networks describe nodes connected by links, with numbers of links per node, the degree, forming a range of distributions including random and scale-free. How network topologies emerge in natural systems still puzzles scientists. Based on previous theoretical simulations, we predict that scale-free food webs are favourably selected by random disturbances while random food webs are selected by targeted disturbances. We assume that lower human pressures are more likely associated with random disturbances, whereas higher pressures are associated with targeted ones. We examine these predictions using 351 empirical food webs, generally confirming our predictions. Should the topology of food webs respond to changes in the magnitude of disturbances in a predictable fashion, consistently across ecosystems and scales of organisation, it would provide a baseline expectation to understand and predict the consequences of human pressures on ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Mestre
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Alejandro Rozenfeld
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal,Centro de Investigaciones en Física e Ingeniería del CentroUniversidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasTandilBuenos AiresArgentina,CONICET‐CIFICEN‐Universidad del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos AiresTandilBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Miguel B. Araújo
- ‘Rui Nabeiro’ Biodiversity Chair, MED – Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE – Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and ResearchUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal,Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural SciencesCSICMadridSpain
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9
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van Klink R, August T, Bas Y, Bodesheim P, Bonn A, Fossøy F, Høye TT, Jongejans E, Menz MHM, Miraldo A, Roslin T, Roy HE, Ruczyński I, Schigel D, Schäffler L, Sheard JK, Svenningsen C, Tschan GF, Wäldchen J, Zizka VMA, Åström J, Bowler DE. Emerging technologies revolutionise insect ecology and monitoring. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:872-885. [PMID: 35811172 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Insects are the most diverse group of animals on Earth, but their small size and high diversity have always made them challenging to study. Recent technological advances have the potential to revolutionise insect ecology and monitoring. We describe the state of the art of four technologies (computer vision, acoustic monitoring, radar, and molecular methods), and assess their advantages, current limitations, and future potential. We discuss how these technologies can adhere to modern standards of data curation and transparency, their implications for citizen science, and their potential for integration among different monitoring programmes and technologies. We argue that they provide unprecedented possibilities for insect ecology and monitoring, but it will be important to foster international standards via collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Martin Luther University-Halle Wittenberg, Department of Computer Science, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tom August
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Yves Bas
- Centre d'Écologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; CEFE, Université Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Paul Bodesheim
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Computer Vision Group, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Frode Fossøy
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Toke T Høye
- Aarhus University, Department of Ecoscience and Arctic Research Centre, C.F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, Animal Ecology and Physiology, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Animal Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Myles H M Menz
- Max Planck Institute for Animal Behaviour, Department of Migration, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Andreia Miraldo
- Swedish Museum of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Frescativägen 40, 114 18, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Ecology, Ulls väg 18B, 75651, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helen E Roy
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Ireneusz Ruczyński
- Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Stoczek 1, 17-230, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Dmitry Schigel
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Livia Schäffler
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julie K Sheard
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany; University of Copenhagen, Centre for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Globe Institute, Universitetsparken 15, bld. 3, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Svenningsen
- University of Copenhagen, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georg F Tschan
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Wäldchen
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Hans-Knoell-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vera M A Zizka
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig Bonn, Adenauerallee 127, 53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jens Åström
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. Box 5685 Torgarden, 7485, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Diana E Bowler
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle Jena Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK; Helmholtz - Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Nava V, Matias MG, Castillo‐Escrivà A, Messyasz B, Leoni B. Microalgae colonization of different microplastic polymers in experimental mesocosms across an environmental gradient. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1402-1413. [PMID: 34773676 PMCID: PMC9299714 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A variety of organisms can colonize microplastic surfaces through biofouling processes. Heterotrophic bacteria tend to be the focus of plastisphere research; however, the presence of epiplastic microalgae within the biofilm has been repeatedly documented. Despite the relevance of biofouling in determining the fate and effects of microplastics in aquatic systems, data about this process are still scarce, especially for freshwater ecosystems. Here, our goal was to evaluate the biomass development and species composition of biofilms on different plastic polymers and to investigate whether plastic substrates exert a strong enough selection to drive species sorting, overcoming other niche-defining factors. We added microplastic pellets of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and a mix of the two polymers in 15 lentic mesocosms in five different locations of the Iberian Peninsula, and after one month, we evaluated species composition and biomass of microalgae developed on plastic surfaces. Our results, based on 45 samples, showed that colonization of plastic surfaces occurred in a range of lentic ecosystems covering a wide geographical gradient and different environmental conditions (e.g., nutrient concentration, conductivity, macrophyte coverage). We highlighted that total biomass differed based on the polymer considered, with higher biomass developed on PET substrate compared to HDPE. Microplastics supported the growth of a rich and diversified community of microalgae (242 species), with some cosmopolite species. However, we did not observe species-specificity in the colonization of the different plastic polymers. Local species pool and nutrient concentration rather than polymeric composition seemed to be the determinant factor defying the community diversity. Regardless of specific environmental conditions, we showed that many species could coexist on the surface of relatively small plastic items, highlighting how microplastics may have considerable carrying capacity, with possible consequences on the wider ecological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Nava
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanoItaly
| | - Miguel G. Matias
- Department of Biogeografía y Cambio GlobalMuseo Nacional de Ciencias NaturalesCSICMadridSpain
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and DevelopmentRui Nabeiro Biodiversity ChairUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Andreu Castillo‐Escrivà
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and DevelopmentRui Nabeiro Biodiversity ChairUniversidade de ÉvoraÉvoraPortugal
| | - Beata Messyasz
- Department of HydrobiologyInstitute of Environmental BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznanPoznańPoland
| | - Barbara Leoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanoItaly
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