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Lirk P, Badaoui J, Stuempflen M, Hedayat M, Freys SM, Joshi GP. PROcedure-SPECific postoperative pain management guideline for laparoscopic colorectal surgery: A systematic review with recommendations for postoperative pain management. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2024; 41:161-173. [PMID: 38298101 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in women and third most common in men. Laparoscopic resection has become the standard surgical technique worldwide given its notable benefits, mainly the shorter length of stay and less postoperative pain. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the current literature on postoperative pain management following laparoscopic colorectal surgery and update previous procedure-specific pain management recommendations. The primary outcomes were postoperative pain scores and opioid requirements. We also considered study quality, clinical relevance of trial design, and a comprehensive risk-benefit assessment of the analgesic intervention. We performed a literature search to identify randomised controlled studies (RCTs) published before January 2022. Seventy-two studies were included in the present analysis. Through the established PROSPECT process, we recommend basic analgesia (paracetamol for rectal surgery, and paracetamol with either a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or cyclo-oxygenase-2-specific inhibitor for colonic surgery) and wound infiltration as first-line interventions. No consensus could be achieved either for the use of intrathecal morphine or intravenous lidocaine; no recommendation can be made for these interventions. However, intravenous lidocaine may be considered when basic analgesia cannot be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lirk
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital (PL, JB, MS), Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA (MH), Department of Surgery, DIAKO Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhaus, Bremen, Germany (SMF) and Department of Anesthesiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA (GPJ)
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Ivascu R, Dutu M, Stanca A, Negutu M, Morlova D, Dutu C, Corneci D. Pain in Colorectal Surgery: How Does It Occur and What Tools Do We Have for Treatment? J Clin Med 2023; 12:6771. [PMID: 37959235 PMCID: PMC10648968 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex entity with deleterious effects on the entire organism. Poorly controlled postoperative pain impacts the patient outcome, being associated with increased morbidity, inadequate quality of life and functional recovery. In the current surgical environment with less invasive surgical procedures increasingly being used and a trend towards rapid discharge home after surgery, we need to continuously re-evaluate analgesic strategies. We have performed a narrative review consisting of a description of the acute surgical pain anatomic pathways and the connection between pain and the surgical stress response followed by reviewing methods of multimodal analgesia in colorectal surgery found in recent literature data. We have described various regional analgesia techniques and drugs effective in pain treatment, emphasizing their advantages and concerns. We have also tried to identify present knowledge gaps requiring future research. Our review concludes that surgical pain has peculiarities that make its management complex, implying a consistent, multimodal approach aiming to block both peripheral and central pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ivascu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.); (D.C.)
- Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madalina Dutu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.); (D.C.)
- Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Stanca
- Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Negutu
- Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Darius Morlova
- Bagdasar Arseni Clinical Emergency Hospital, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costin Dutu
- Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Corneci
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (R.I.); (D.C.)
- Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
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Fieni S, di Pasquo E, Formisano D, Basevi V, Perrone E, Ghi T. Epidural analgesia and the risk of operative delivery among women at term: A propensity score matched study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 276:174-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pirie K, Traer E, Finniss D, Myles PS, Riedel B. Current approaches to acute postoperative pain management after major abdominal surgery: a narrative review and future directions. Br J Anaesth 2022; 129:378-393. [PMID: 35803751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poorly controlled postoperative pain is associated with increased morbidity, negatively affects quality of life and functional recovery, and is a risk factor for persistent pain and longer-term opioid use. Up to 10% of opioid-naïve patients have persistent opioid use after many types of surgeries. Opioid-related side-effects and the opioid abuse epidemic emphasise the need for alternative, opioid-minimising, multimodal analgesic strategies, including neuraxial (epidural/intrathecal) techniques, truncal nerve blocks, and lidocaine infusions. The preference for minimally invasive surgical techniques has changed anaesthetic and analgesic requirements in abdominal surgery compared with open laparotomy, leading to a decline in popularity of epidural anaesthesia and an increasing interest in intrathecal morphine and truncal nerve blocks. Limited research exists on patient quality of recovery using specific analgesic techniques after intra-abdominal surgery. Poorly controlled postoperative pain after major abdominal surgery should be a research priority as it affects patient-centred short-term and long-term outcomes (including quality of life scores, return to function measurements, disability-free survival) and has broad community health and economic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Pirie
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Emily Traer
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damien Finniss
- Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Management, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul S Myles
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernhard Riedel
- Department of Anaesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ozdemir S, Chen T, Tan CW, Wong WHM, Tan HS, Finkelstein EA, Sng BL. Parturients' Stated Preferences for Labor Analgesia: A Discrete Choice Experiment. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:983-994. [PMID: 35422614 PMCID: PMC9005131 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s353324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the extent to which treatment benefits, risks and costs affected parturients' preferences for labor analgesia. METHODS We recruited 248 healthy parturients prior to labor at an antenatal ward and administered a discrete choice experiment survey. Parturients were asked to choose among four hypothetical forms of labor analgesia: epidural analgesia, pethidine, Entonox and no analgesia, which were defined by: pain score, duration of second stage of labor, risks of instrumental delivery, back pain and permanent nerve injury, and out-of-pocket cost. We used mixed logit model to calculate the relative importance of each attribute (out of 100). RESULTS Parturients preferred receiving labor analgesia over not receiving analgesia and those who had positive past experience with epidural preferred epidural over other modalities. Out-of-pocket cost (28%), duration of second stage of labor (26%) and pain score following treatment (18%) were the most important attributes. CONCLUSION Out-of-pocket cost was a major concern. Parturients prioritized having lower pain and shorter labor experience over risks associated with epidural analgesia. Parturients should be presented with realistic range of risks of side-effects so that they can decide how to balance risks against benefits and costs associated with child labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Ozdemir
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Correspondence: Semra Ozdemir, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore, Tel +65 6601 3575, Email
| | | | - Chin Wen Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Women’s Anesthesia, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wei Han Melvin Wong
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Hon Sen Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Women’s Anesthesia, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Eric Andrew Finkelstein
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lien Centre for Palliative Care, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Duke University Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ban Leong Sng
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Women’s Anesthesia, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
Neuraxial drug administration, i.e., the injection of drugs into the epidural or intrathecal space to produce anesthesia or analgesia, is a technique developed more than 120 years ago. Today, it still is widely used in daily practice in anesthesiology and in acute and chronic pain therapy. A multitude of different drugs have been introduced for neuraxial injection, only a part of which have obtained official approval for that indication. A broad understanding of the pharmacology of those agents is essential to the clinician to utilize them in a safe and efficient manner. In the present narrative review, we summarize current knowledge on neuraxial anatomy relevant to clinical practice, including pediatric anatomy. Then, we delineate the general pharmacology of neuraxial drug administration, with particular attention to specific aspects of epidural and intrathecal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Furthermore, we describe the most common clinical indications for neuraxial drug administration, including the perioperative setting, obstetrics, and chronic pain. Then, we discuss possible neurotoxic effects of neuraxial drugs, and moreover, we detail the specific properties of the most commonly used neuraxial drugs that are relevant to clinicians who employ epidural or intrathecal drug administration, in order to ensure adequate treatment and patient safety in these techniques. Finally, we give a brief overview on new developments in neuraxial drug therapy.
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Haematoma, abscess or meningitis after neuraxial anaesthesia in the USA and the Netherlands: A closed claims analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2020; 37:743-751. [PMID: 32769504 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe complications after neuraxial anaesthesia are rare but potentially devastating. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify characteristics and preventable causes of haematoma, abscess or meningitis after neuraxial anaesthesia. DESIGN Observational study, closed claims analysis. SETTING Closed anaesthesia malpractice claims from the USA and the Netherlands were examined from 2007 until 2017. PATIENTS Claims of patients with haematoma (n = 41), abscess (n = 18) or meningitis (n = 14) associated with neuraxial anaesthesia for labour, acute and chronic pain that initiated and closed between 2007 and 2017 were included. There were no exclusions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analysed potential preventable causes in patient-related, neuraxial procedure-related, treatment-related and legal characteristics of these complications. RESULTS Patients experiencing spinal haematoma were predominantly above 60 years of age and using antihaemostatic medication, whereas patients with abscess or meningitis were middle-aged, relatively healthy and more often involved in emergency interventions. Potential preventable causes of unfavourable sequelae constituted errors in timing/prescription of antihaemostatic medication (10 claims, 14%), unsterile procedures (n = 10, 14%) and delay in diagnosis/treatment of the complication (n = 18, 25%). The number of claims resulting in payment was similar between countries (USA n = 15, 38% vs. the Netherlands n = 17, 52%; P = 0.25). The median indemnity payment, which the patient received varied widely between the USA (&OV0556;285 488, n = 14) and the Netherlands (&OV0556;31 031, n = 17) (P = 0.004). However, the considerable differences in legal systems and administration of expenses between countries may make meaningful comparison of indemnity payments inappropriate. CONCLUSIONS Claims of spinal haematoma were often related to errors in antihaemostatic medication and delay in diagnosis and/or treatment. Spinal abscess claims were related to emergency interventions and lack of sterility. We wish to highlight these potential preventable causes, both when performing the neuraxial procedure and during postprocedural care of patients.
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“Minimally invasive” regional anesthesia and the expanding use of interfascial plane blocks: the need for more systematic evaluation. Can J Anaesth 2019; 66:855-863. [DOI: 10.1007/s12630-019-01400-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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