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Bigi A, Beltrami E, Trinei M, Stendardo M, Pelicci PG, Giorgio M. Cyclophilin D counteracts P53-mediated growth arrest and promotes Ras tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2016; 35:5132-43. [PMID: 26973251 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial alterations induced by oncogenes are known to be crucial for tumorigenesis. Ras oncogene leads to proliferative signals through a Raf-1/MEK/ERK kinase cascade, whose components have been found to be also associated with mitochondria. The mitochondrial pepdidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin D (CypD) is an important regulator of the mitochondrial permeability transition and a key player in mitochondria physiology; however, its role in cancer is still unclear. Using cellular and in vivo mouse models, we demonstrated that CypD protein upregulation induced by oncogenic Ras through the Raf-1/MEK/ERK pathway has a deterministic role in tumor progression. In fact, targeting CypD gene expression clearly affected RasV12-induced transformation, as showed by in vitro data on murine NIH3T3 and human MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. In addition, studies in xenograft and K-Ras lung cancer mouse models demonstrated that genetic deletion or pharmacological suppression of CypD efficiently prevented Ras-dependent tumor formation. Furthermore, Erbb2-mediated breast tumorigenesis was similarly prevented by targeting CypD. From a mechanistic point of view, CypD expression was associated with a reduced induction of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53 functions, unraveling an antagonistic function of CypD on p21-p53-mediated growth suppression. CypD activity is p53 dependent. Interestingly, a physical association between p53 and CypD was detected in mitochondria of MCF10A cells; furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies proved that CypD inhibitor-based treatment was able to efficiently impair this interaction, leading to a tumor formation reduction. All together, these findings indicate that the countering effect of CypD on the p53-p21 pathway participates in oncogene-dependent transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bigi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - E Beltrami
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Trinei
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Stendardo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - P G Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - M Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Perrini S, Tortosa F, Natalicchio A, Pacelli C, Cignarelli A, Palmieri VO, Caccioppoli C, De Stefano F, Porro S, Leonardini A, Ficarella R, De Fazio M, Cocco T, Puglisi F, Laviola L, Palasciano G, Giorgino F. The p66Shc protein controls redox signaling and oxidation-dependent DNA damage in human liver cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G826-40. [PMID: 26336926 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00041.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The p66Shc protein mediates oxidative stress-related injury in multiple tissues. Steatohepatitis is characterized by enhanced oxidative stress-mediated cell damage. The role of p66Shc in redox signaling was investigated in human liver cells and alcoholic steatohepatitis. HepG2 cells with overexpression of wild-type or mutant p66Shc, with Ser36 replacement by Ala, were obtained through infection with recombinant adenoviruses. Reactive oxygen species and oxidation-dependent DNA damage were assessed by measuring dihydroethidium oxidation and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine accumulation into DNA, respectively. mRNA and protein levels of signaling intermediates were evaluated in HepG2 cells and liver biopsies from control and alcoholic steatohepatitis subjects. Exposure to H2O2 increased reactive oxygen species and phosphorylation of p66Shc on Ser36 in HepG2 cells. Overexpression of p66Shc promoted reactive oxygen species synthesis and oxidation-dependent DNA damage, which were further enhanced by H2O2. p66Shc activation also resulted in increased Erk-1/2, Akt, and FoxO3a phosphorylation. Blocking of Erk-1/2 activation inhibited p66Shc phosphorylation on Ser36. Increased p66Shc expression was associated with reduced mRNA levels of antioxidant molecules, such as NF-E2-related factor 2 and its target genes. In contrast, overexpression of the phosphorylation defective p66Shc Ala36 mutant inhibited p66Shc signaling, enhanced antioxidant genes, and suppressed reactive oxygen species and oxidation-dependent DNA damage. Increased p66Shc protein levels and Akt phosphorylation were observed in liver biopsies from alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with control subjects. In human alcoholic steatohepatitis, increased hepatocyte p66Shc protein levels may enhance susceptibility to DNA damage by oxidative stress by promoting reactive oxygen species synthesis and repressing antioxidant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Tortosa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo O Palmieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri," University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesca De Stefano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Porro
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Romina Ficarella
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele De Fazio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; and
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Puglisi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; and Azienda Sanitaria Locale Bari, Ospedale M. Sarcone, Terlizzi (BA), Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palasciano
- Department of Biochemical Sciences and Human Oncology, Clinica Medica "A. Murri," University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy;
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Giorgio M. Oxidative stress and the unfulfilled promises of antioxidant agents. Ecancermedicalscience 2015; 9:556. [PMID: 26284120 PMCID: PMC4531130 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2015.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that aging and its associated diseases, including cancer, are triggered by oxidative damage to biological macromolecules. However, antioxidant compounds are still disappointingly distant from any clinical application, so that Jim Watson has declared that antioxidant supplementation may have caused more cancers than it has prevented Watson J ((2013) Oxidants, antioxidants and the current incurability of metastatic cancers Open Biol 3 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120144). To clarify this paradox, here, we describe the mechanisms of oxidative stress focusing in particular on redox balance and physiological oxidative signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milan, Italy
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Melis JPM, Jonker MJ, Vijg J, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Breit TM, van Steeg H. Aging on a different scale--chronological versus pathology-related aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 5:782-8. [PMID: 24131799 PMCID: PMC3838780 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the next decades the elderly population will increase dramatically, demanding appropriate solutions in health care and aging research focusing on healthy aging to prevent high burdens and costs in health care. For this, research targeting tissue-specific and individual aging is paramount to make the necessary progression in aging research. In a recently published study we have attempted to make a step interpreting aging data on chronological as well as pathological scale. For this, we sampled five major tissues at regular time intervals during the entire C57BL/6J murine lifespan from a controlled in vivo aging study, measured the whole transcriptome and incorporated temporal as well as physical health aspects into the analyses. In total, we used 18 different age-related pathological parameters and transcriptomic profiles of liver, kidney, spleen, lung and brain and created a database that can now be used for a broad systems biology approach. In our study, we focused on the dynamics of biological processes during chronological aging and the comparison between chronological and pathology-related aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost P M Melis
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Health Protection, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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Chen Z, Wang G, Zhai X, Hu Y, Gao D, Ma L, Yao J, Tian X. Selective inhibition of protein kinase C β2 attenuates the adaptor P66 Shc-mediated intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1164. [PMID: 24722289 PMCID: PMC5424109 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a major mode of cell death occurring during ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) induced injury. The p66Shc adaptor protein, which is mediated by PKCβ, has an essential role in apoptosis under oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the role of PKCβ2/p66Shc pathway in intestinal I/R injury. In vivo, ischemia was induced by superior mesenteric artery occlusion in mice. Ruboxistaurin (PKCβ inhibitor) or normal saline was administered before ischemia. Then blood and gut tissues were collected after reperfusion for various measurements. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were challenged with hypoxia–reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate intestinal I/R. Translocation and activation of PKCβ2 were markedly induced in the I/R intestine. Ruboxistaurin significantly attenuated gut damage and decreased the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Pharmacological blockade of PKCβ2 suppressed p66Shc overexpression and phosphorylation in the I/R intestine. Gene knockdown of PKCβ2 via small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited H/R-induced p66Shc overexpression and phosphorylation in Caco-2 cells. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which stimulates PKCs, induced p66Shc phosphorylation and this was inhibited by ruboxistaurin and PKCβ2 siRNA. Ruboxistaurin attenuated gut oxidative stress after I/R by suppressing the decreased expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the exhaustion of the glutathione (GSH) system, and the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA). As a consequence, ruboxistaurin inhibited intestinal mucosa apoptosis after I/R. Therefore, PKCβ2 inhibition protects mice from gut I/R injury by suppressing the adaptor p66Shc-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent apoptosis. This may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - G Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - X Zhai
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - D Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
| | - J Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, 116044 Dalian, China
| | - X Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, 116023 Dalian, China
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