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Zeidan RS, McElroy T, Rathor L, Martenson MS, Lin Y, Mankowski RT. Sex differences in frailty among older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 184:112333. [PMID: 37993077 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
By definition, aging is a natural, gradual and continuous process. On the other hand, frailty reflects the increase in vulnerability to stressors and shortens the time without disease (health span) while longevity refers to the length of life (lifespan). The average life expectancy has significantly increased during the last few decades. A longer lifespan has been accompanied by an increase in frailty and decreased independence in older adults, with major differences existing between men and women. For example, women tend to live longer than men but also experience higher rates of frailty and disability. Sex differences prevent optimization of lifestyle interventions and therapies to effectively prevent frailty. Sex differences in frailty and aging are rooted in a complex interplay between uncontrollable (genetic, epigenetic, physiological), and controllable factors (psychosocial and lifestyle factors). Thus, understanding the underlying causes of sex differences in frailty and aging is essential for developing personalized interventions to promote healthy aging and improve quality of life in older men and women. In this review, we have discussed the key contributors and knowledge gaps related to sex differences in aging and frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola S Zeidan
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Taylor McElroy
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Laxmi Rathor
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Matthew S Martenson
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
| | - Robert T Mankowski
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
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Aydin BK, Stenlid R, Ciba I, Cerenius SY, Dahlbom M, Bergsten P, Nergårdh R, Forslund A. High levels of FSH before puberty are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome during pubertal transition. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12906. [PMID: 35226970 PMCID: PMC9541214 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During perimenopause, the rise in serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with increased adiposity, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, data for the pubertal period, which is characterized by increasing FSH levels and changing body composition, are limited. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships between FSH and anthropometric changes, IR markers, and development of MetS in the peripubertal period. METHODS Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Childhood Obesity (ULSCO) is an ongoing study that aims to understand the factors contributing to childhood obesity and the development of obesity-related diseases. We analysed the subset of participants who were prepubertal at the first visit (n = 95, 77 with obesity). Mean follow-up time was 3.0 ± 1.4 years. RESULTS Higher serum FSH levels at the first visit were associated with an increased likelihood of elevation in body mass index (BMI SDS) (p = 0.025, OR = 16.10) and having MetS (p = 0.044, OR = 4.67) at the follow-up. We observed nonlinear relationships between varying serum FSH levels and markers of adiposity and IR, especially in girls. At the first visit, when girls were prepubertal, FSH was negatively associated with BMI (β = -0.491, p = 0.005) and positively associated with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (β = 0.625, p = 0.002). With the progression of puberty, negative associations between BMI and SHBG disappeared while FSH became positively associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.678, p = 0.025) and fasting insulin (β = 0.668, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Higher serum FSH levels in prepubertal children were associated with an increased risk of MetS development during pubertal transition. Along with nonlinear associations between varying serum FSH levels and IR markers, our results might imply a relationship between FSH and IR of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Kucukemre Aydin
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Rasmus Stenlid
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Iris Ciba
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Sara Y. Cerenius
- Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Marie Dahlbom
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden,Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Ricard Nergårdh
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Anders Forslund
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Lagunas-Rangel FA. G protein-coupled receptors that influence lifespan of human and animal models. Biogerontology 2021; 23:1-19. [PMID: 34860303 PMCID: PMC8888397 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-021-09945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Humanity has always sought to live longer and for this, multiple strategies have been tried with varying results. In this sense, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may be a good option to try to prolong our life while maintaining good health since they have a substantial participation in a wide variety of processes of human pathophysiology and are one of the main therapeutic targets. In this way, we present the analysis of a series of GPCRs whose activity has been shown to affect the lifespan of animal and human models, and in which we put a special interest in describing the molecular mechanisms involved. Our compilation of data revealed that the mechanisms most involved in the role of GPCRs in lifespan are those that mimic dietary restriction, those related to insulin signaling and the AMPK and TOR pathways, and those that alter oxidative homeostasis and severe and/or chronic inflammation. We also discuss the possibility of using agonist or antagonist drugs, depending on the beneficial or harmful effects of each GPCR, in order to prolong people's lifespan and healthspan.
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Applying deductive reasoning and the principles of particle physics to aging research. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22611-22622. [PMID: 34543232 PMCID: PMC8507302 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is debatably one of the biggest mysteries for humanity, a process consisting of myriads of genetic, molecular, environmental, and stochastic deleterious events, leading to a progressive loss of organism functionality. Aging research currently lacks a common conceptual framework, and one challenge in establishing it is the fact that aging is a highly complex process. To help develop a framework of standard aging rules, we suggest the use of deductive reasoning based on particle physics' principles. Specifically, the principles that we suggest applying to study aging are discreteness of processes, transformation as a result of interaction, and understanding of threshold. Using this framework, biological aging may be described as a sequence of highly discrete molecular transformations caused by a combination of various specific internal and external factors. Internal organismal function and interaction of an organism with the environment result in chronic accumulation of molecular damage and other deleterious consequences of metabolism and the consequent loss of system's functionality. The loss of functionality occurs as a series of thresholds the organism reaches before it turns into an utterly non-functional state. We discuss how having a common ground may benefit aging research, introduce the logic of new principles and analyze specific examples of how this framework could be used to study aging and design longevity interventions.
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Nowak RA. An interview with Professor Andrzej Bartke. Biol Reprod 2019; 101:659-661. [PMID: 31972010 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
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Taneja C, Gera S, Kim S, Iqbal J, Yuen T, Zaidi M. FSH-metabolic circuitry and menopause. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:R73-R80. [PMID: 31454787 PMCID: PMC6992500 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
FSH has a primary function in procreation, wherein it induces estrogen production in females and regulates spermatogenesis in males. However, in line with our discoveries over the past decade of non-unitary functions of pituitary hormones, we and others have described hitherto uncharacterized functions of FSH. Through high-affinity receptors, some of which are variants of the ovarian FSH receptor (FSHR), FSH regulates bone mass, adipose tissue function, energy metabolism, and cholesterol production in both sexes. These newly described actions of FSH may indeed be relevant to the pathogenesis of bone loss, dysregulated energy homeostasis, and disordered lipid metabolism that accompany the menopause in females and aging in both genders. We are therefore excited about the possibility of modulating circulating FSH levels toward a therapeutic benefit for a host of age-associated diseases, including osteoporosis, obesity and dyslipidemia, among other future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charit Taneja
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Sakshi Gera
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Se–Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
| | - Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, USA
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Zaidi M, Lizneva D, Kim SM, Sun L, Iqbal J, New MI, Rosen CJ, Yuen T. FSH, Bone Mass, Body Fat, and Biological Aging. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3503-3514. [PMID: 30085049 PMCID: PMC6134257 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation has taught us that impending ovarian failure during late perimenopause is associated with a sharp rise in serum FSH, which coincides with the most rapid rate of bone loss and the onset of visceral adiposity. At this time in a woman's life, serum estrogen levels are largely unaltered, so the hypothesis that hypoestrogenemia is the sole cause of bone loss and visceral obesity does not offer a full explanation. An alternative explanation, arising from animal models and human data, is that both physiologic aberrations, obesity and osteoporosis, arise at least in part from rising FSH levels. Here, we discuss recent findings on the mechanism through which FSH exerts biological actions on bone and fat and review clinical data that support a role for FSH in causing osteoporosis and obesity. We will also provide a conceptual framework for using a single anti-FSH agent to prevent and treat both osteoporosis and obesity in women across the menopausal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Zaidi
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Correspondence: Mone Zaidi, MD, PhD, Mount Sinai Bone Program, Endocrinology, Box 1055, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029. E-mail:
| | - Daria Lizneva
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Reproductive Health Protection, Scientific Center of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Se-Min Kim
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Li Sun
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jameel Iqbal
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Maria I New
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | - Tony Yuen
- The Mount Sinai Bone Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
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