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Li T, Li S, Ma K, Kong J. Application potential of senolytics in clinical treatment. Biogerontology 2024; 25:379-398. [PMID: 38109001 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Of the factors studied in individual ageing, the accumulation of senescent cells has been considered as an essential cause of organ degeneration to eventually initiate age-related diseases. Cellular senescence is attributed to the accumulation of damage for an inducement in the activation of cell cycle inhibitory pathways, resulting the cell permanently withdraw from the cell proliferation cycle. Further, senescent cells will activate the inflammatory factor secretion pathway to promote the development of various age-related diseases. Senolytics, a small molecule compound, can delay disease development and extend mammalian lifespan. The evidence from multiple trials shows that the targeted killing of senescent cells has a significant clinical application for the treatment of age-related diseases. In addition, senolytics are also significant for the development of ageing research in solid organ transplantation, which can fully develop the potential of elderly organs and reduce the age gap between demand and supply. We conclude that the main characteristics of cellular senescence, the anti-ageing drug senolytics in the treatment of chronic diseases and organ transplantation, and the latest clinical progress of related researches in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of ageing and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyuan Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Guo Y, Wang S, Dong Y, Liu Y. Attenuation of pro-tumorigenic senescent secretory phenotype by StN, a novel derivative of stevioside, potentiates its inhibitory activity on hepatocellular carcinoma. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 184:114371. [PMID: 38104710 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Ent-13-Hydroxy-15-kaurene-19-acid N-Methylpiperazine Ethyl Ester (StN) is a novel derivative of the natural diterpene stevioside isolated from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni). In this study, we examined the effects of StN against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro and in vivo as well as its anticancer mechanisms by inhibiting proliferation and regulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We showed that StN significantly inhibited HCC cell proliferation by inducing cellular senescence, as observed by increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and cell cycle arrest. Mechanistically, StN impaired lysosomal stability and triggered the release of cathepsin B from the lysosomes into the nucleus where it promoted DNA damage. Cathepsin B-mediated DNA damage contributed to cellular senescence triggered by StN. Meanwhile, StN transcriptionally suppressed multiple pro-inflammatory SASP components, including IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8, resulting in the reduction of pro-tumorigenic impact of SASP. Further study revealed that StN inactivated NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signaling, which significantly accounted for its inhibition on the SASP factors. In HCC xenograft mice, administration of StN significantly suppressed tumor growth, while no significant toxicity was detected. This study demonstrates a novel mechanism that suppressing the SASP by StN in senescent cells potentiates its anticancer efficacy, thus defining a potential compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Guo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Shikang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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3
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Dańczak‐Pazdrowska A, Gornowicz‐Porowska J, Polańska A, Krajka‐Kuźniak V, Stawny M, Gostyńska A, Rubiś B, Nourredine S, Ashiqueali S, Schneider A, Tchkonia T, Wyles SP, Kirkland JL, Masternak MM. Cellular senescence in skin-related research: Targeted signaling pathways and naturally occurring therapeutic agents. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13845. [PMID: 37042069 PMCID: PMC10265178 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing interest by researchers into cellular senescence, a hallmark of cellular aging, its role in human skin remains equivocal. The skin is the largest and most accessible human organ, reacting to the external and internal environment. Hence, it is an organ of choice to investigate cellular senescence and to target root-cause aging processes using senolytic and senomorphic agents, including naturally occurring plant-based derivatives. This review presents different aspects of skin cellular senescence, from physiology to pathology and signaling pathways. Cellular senescence can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on the skin, indicating that both prosenescent and antisenescent therapies may be desirable, based on the context. Knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in skin cellular senescence may provide meaningful insights for developing effective therapeutics for senescence-related skin disorders, such as wound healing and cosmetic skin aging changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Justyna Gornowicz‐Porowska
- Department and Division of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Diseases ProphylaxisPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Adriana Polańska
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | | | - Maciej Stawny
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Aleksandra Gostyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular DiagnosticsPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
| | - Sarah Nourredine
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Sarah Ashiqueali
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | | | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | - James L. Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical EngineeringMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical SciencesCollege of Medicine, University of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
- Department of Head and Neck SurgeryPoznan University of Medical SciencesPoznanPoland
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4
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Piskorz WM, Cechowska-Pasko M. Senescence of Tumor Cells in Anticancer Therapy—Beneficial and Detrimental Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911082. [PMID: 36232388 PMCID: PMC9570404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence process results in stable cell cycle arrest, which prevents cell proliferation. It can be induced by a variety of stimuli including metabolic stress, DNA damage, telomeres shortening, and oncogenes activation. Senescence is generally considered as a process of tumor suppression, both by preventing cancer cells proliferation and inhibiting cancer progression. It can also be a key effector mechanism for many types of anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, both directly and through bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that can stimulate an immune response. Senescence is characterized by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that can have both beneficial and detrimental impact on cancer progression. Despite the negatives, attempts are still being made to use senescence to fight cancer, especially when it comes to senolytics. There is a possibility that a combination of prosenescence therapy—which targets tumor cells and causes their senescence—with senotherapy—which targets senescent cells, can be promising in cancer treatment. This review provides information on cellular senescence, its connection with carcinogenesis and therapeutic possibilities linked to this process.
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Nir D, Ribarski-Chorev I, Shimoni C, Strauss C, Frank J, Schlesinger S. Antioxidants Attenuate Heat Shock Induced Premature Senescence of Bovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105750. [PMID: 35628565 PMCID: PMC9147428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have many roles that are important for the body's proper functioning. When the MSC pool is damaged, it is often correlated with impaired development or health of the organism. MSC are known for their anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and trophic characteristics that play an important role in the physiological homeostasis of many tissues. Heat shock impairs MSC capacity by inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, send the cells into a state of premature senescence. Here, we pre-exposed MSC to melatonin, resveratrol, or curcumin, which are natural antioxidative compounds, and tested the protective effects of these substances from oxidative stress and aging. Our data showed that pre-exposure of MSC to antioxidants decreased reactive oxygen species while mitochondrial damage remained high. Additionally, although the proliferation of the cells was slow, antioxidants protected the cells from premature senescence, and subsequent cytokine release was prevented. We conclude that while elevated temperatures directly cause mitochondrial damage, senescence is induced by elevated ROS levels. We suggest that heat shock alters cell and tissue homeostasis by several independent mechanisms; however, reducing tissue senescence will reduce damage and provide a pathway to overcome physiological challenges in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Nir
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Ivana Ribarski-Chorev
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Chen Shimoni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmit Strauss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Jan Frank
- Department of Food Biofunctionality, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Hohenheim, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (D.N.); (I.R.-C.); (C.S.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Solary E, Abou-Zeid N, Calvo F. Ageing and cancer: a research gap to fill. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3220-3237. [PMID: 35503718 PMCID: PMC9490141 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex mechanisms of ageing biology are increasingly understood. Interventions to reduce or delay ageing‐associated diseases are emerging. Cancer is one of the diseases promoted by tissue ageing. A clockwise mutational signature is identified in many tumours. Ageing might be a modifiable cancer risk factor. To reduce the incidence of ageing‐related cancer and to detect the disease at earlier stages, we need to understand better the links between ageing and tumours. When a cancer is established, geriatric assessment and measures of biological age might help to generate evidence‐based therapeutic recommendations. In this approach, patients and caregivers would include the respective weight to give to the quality of life and survival in the therapeutic choices. The increasing burden of cancer in older patients requires new generations of researchers and geriatric oncologists to be trained, to properly address disease complexity in a multidisciplinary manner, and to reduce health inequities in this population of patients. In this review, we propose a series of research challenges to tackle in the next few years to better prevent, detect and treat cancer in older patients while preserving their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Solary
- Fondation « Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer », Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, INSERM U1287, Villejuif, France
| | - Nancy Abou-Zeid
- Fondation « Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer », Villejuif, France
| | - Fabien Calvo
- Fondation « Association pour la Recherche sur le Cancer », Villejuif, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
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7
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Senotherapeutics in Cancer and HIV. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071222. [PMID: 35406785 PMCID: PMC8997781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress-response mechanism that contributes to homeostasis maintenance, playing a beneficial role during embryogenesis and in normal adult organisms. In contrast, chronic senescence activation may be responsible for other events such as age-related disorders, HIV and cancer development. Cellular senescence activation can be triggered by different insults. Regardless of the inducer, there are several phenotypes generally shared among senescent cells: cell division arrest, an aberrant shape, increased size, high granularity because of increased numbers of lysosomes and vacuoles, apoptosis resistance, defective metabolism and some chromatin alterations. Senescent cells constitute an important area for research due to their contributions to the pathogenesis of different diseases such as frailty, sarcopenia and aging-related diseases, including cancer and HIV infection, which show an accelerated aging. Hence, a new pharmacological category of treatments called senotherapeutics is under development. This group includes senolytic drugs that selectively attack senescent cells and senostatic drugs that suppress SASP factor delivery, inhibiting senescent cell development. These new drugs can have positive therapeutic effects on aging-related disorders and act in cancer as antitumor drugs, avoiding the undesired effects of senescent cells such as those from SASP. Here, we review senotherapeutics and how they might affect cancer and HIV disease, two very different aging-related diseases, and review some compounds acting as senolytics in clinical trials.
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8
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Weiner F, Schille JT, Koczan D, Wu XF, Beller M, Junghanss C, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Novel chemotherapeutic agent FX-9 activates NF-κB signaling and induces G1 phase arrest by activating CDKN1A in a human prostate cancer cell line. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1088. [PMID: 34625047 PMCID: PMC8501574 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aminoisoquinoline FX-9 shows pro-apoptotic and antimitotic effects against lymphoblastic leukemia cells and prostate adenocarcinoma cells. In contrast, decreased cytotoxic effects against non-neoplastic blood cells, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts were observed. However, the actual FX-9 molecular mode of action is currently not fully understood. Methods In this study, microarray gene expression analysis comparing FX-9 exposed and unexposed prostate cancer cells (PC-3 representing castration-resistant prostate cancer), followed by pathway analysis and gene annotation to functional processes were performed. Immunocytochemistry staining was performed with selected targets. Results Expression analysis revealed 0.83% of 21,448 differential expressed genes (DEGs) after 6-h exposure of FX-9 and 0.68% DEGs after 12-h exposure thereof. Functional annotation showed that FX-9 primarily caused an activation of inflammatory response by non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The 6-h samples showed activation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A which might be involved in the secondary response in 12-h samples. This secondary response predominantly consisted of cell cycle-related changes, with further activation of CDKN1A and inhibition of the transcription factor E2F1, including downstream target genes, resulting in G1-phase arrest. Matching our previous observations on cellular level senescence signaling pathways were also found enriched. To verify these results immunocytochemical staining of p21 Waf1/Cip1 (CDKN1A), E2F1 (E2F1), PAI-1 (SERPNE1), and NFkB2/NFkB p 100 (NFKB2) was performed. Increased expression of p21 Waf1/Cip1 and NFkB2/NFkB p 100 after 24-h exposure to FX-9 was shown. E2F1 and PAI-1 showed no increased expression. Conclusions FX-9 induced G1-phase arrest of PC-3 cells through activation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A, which was initiated by an inflammatory response of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08836-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weiner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - J T Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - D Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - X-F Wu
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Beller
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hewicker-Trautwein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center - Mecklenburg Vorpommern (CCC-MV), Campus Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - I Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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Zhang DY, Monteiro MJ, Liu JP, Gu WY. Mechanisms of cancer stem cell senescence: Current understanding and future perspectives. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1185-1202. [PMID: 34046925 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of heterogeneous tumor cells with the capacity of self-renewal and aberrant differentiation for immortality and divergent lineages of cancer cells. In contrast to bulky tumor cells, CSCs remain less differentiated and resistant to therapy even when targeted with tissue-specific antigenic markers. This makes CSCs responsible for not only tumor initiation, development, but also tumor recurrence. Emerging evidence suggests that CSCs can undergo cell senescence, a non-proliferative state of cells in response to stress. While cell senescence attenuates tumor cell proliferation, it is commonly regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism. However, mounting research indicates that CSC senescence also provides these cells with the capacity to evade cytotoxic effects from cancer therapy, exacerbating cancer relapse and metastasis. Recent studies demonstrate that senescence drives reprogramming of cancer cell toward stemness and promotes CSC generation. In this review, we highlight the origin, heterogeneity and senescence regulatory mechanisms of CSCs, the complex relationship between CSC senescence and tumor therapy, and the recent beneficial effects of senotherapy on eliminating senescent tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Prahran, Vic, Australia
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Clayton, Vic, Australia
| | - Wen-Yi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Estepa‐Fernández A, Alfonso M, Morellá‐Aucejo Á, García‐Fernández A, Lérida‐Viso A, Lozano‐Torres B, Galiana I, Soriano‐Teruel PM, Sancenón F, Orzáez M, Martínez‐Máñez R. Senolysis Reduces Senescence in Veins and Cancer Cell Migration. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Estepa‐Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - María Alfonso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Ángela Morellá‐Aucejo
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Alba García‐Fernández
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Araceli Lérida‐Viso
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores Universitat Politècnica de València IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Beatriz Lozano‐Torres
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Irene Galiana
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | | | - Félix Sancenón
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores Universitat Politècnica de València IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
| | - Ramón Martínez‐Máñez
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM) Universitat Politècnica de València Camino de Vera, s/n Valencia 46022 Spain
- Unidad Mixta UPV‐CIPF de Investigación en Mecanismos de Enfermedades y Nanomedicina Universitat Politècnica de València Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia 46012 Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN) Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3‐5. Pabellón 11. Planta 0 Madrid 28029 Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Nanomedicina y Sensores Universitat Politècnica de València IIS La Fe. Av. Fernando Abril Martorell, 106 Torre A 7ª planta Valencia 46026 Spain
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Trayssac M, Clarke CJ, Stith JL, Snider JM, Newen N, Gault CR, Hannun YA, Obeid LM. Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) enhances oncogene-induced senescence through ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2)-mediated generation of very-long-chain ceramides. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:27. [PMID: 33414460 PMCID: PMC7790826 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Senescence is an antiproliferative mechanism that can suppress tumor development and can be induced by oncogenes such as genes of the Ras family. Although studies have implicated bioactive sphingolipids (SL) in senescence, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, using MCF10A mammary epithelial cells, we demonstrate that oncogenic K-Ras (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) is sufficient to induce cell transformation as well as cell senescence-as revealed by increases in the percentage of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, p21WAF1/Cip1/CDKN1A (p21) expression, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-gal). Furthermore, oncogenic K-Ras altered SL metabolism, with an increase of long-chain (LC) C18, C20 ceramides (Cer), and very-long-chain (VLC) C22:1, C24 Cer, and an increase of sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) expression. Since Cer and sphingosine-1-phosphate have been shown to exert opposite effects on cellular senescence, we hypothesized that targeting SK1 could enhance oncogenic K-Ras-induced senescence. Indeed, SK1 downregulation or inhibition enhanced p21 expression and SA-β-gal in cells expressing oncogenic K-Ras and impeded cell growth. Moreover, SK1 knockdown further increased LC and VLC Cer species (C18, C20, C22:1, C24, C24:1, C26:1), especially the ones increased by oncogenic K-Ras. Fumonisin B1 (FB1), an inhibitor of ceramide synthases (CerS), reduced p21 expression induced by oncogenic K-Ras both with and without SK1 knockdown. Functionally, FB1 reversed the growth defect induced by oncogenic K-Ras, confirming the importance of Cer generation in the senescent phenotype. More specifically, downregulation of CerS2 by siRNA blocked the increase of VLC Cer (C24, C24:1, and C26:1) induced by SK1 knockdown and phenocopied the effects of FB1 on p21 expression. Taken together, these data show that targeting SK1 is a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer, enhancing oncogene-induced senescence through an increase of VLC Cer downstream of CerS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Trayssac
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Jeffrey L Stith
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Naomi Newen
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, USA
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12
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Huang L, Shen Y, Liu C, Li C, Wang J. [Palbociclib induces cell cycle arrest and senescence of human renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020; 40:1784-1792. [PMID: 33380388 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.12.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of palbociclib on cell cycle progression and proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS Human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was treated with 1, 5, 10, and 20 μmol/L of palbociclib, and the changes in cell proliferation and viability were examined by cell counting and CCK8 assay. EDU staining was used to assess the proliferation of HK-2 cells following palbiciclib treatment at different concentrations for 5 days. The effect of palbociclib on cell cycle distribution of HK-2 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. SA-β-Gal staining and C12FDG senescence staining were used to detect senescence phenotypes of HK-2 cells after palbociclib treatment at different concentrations for 5 days. The relative mRNA expression levels of P16, P21, and P53 and the genes associated with senescence-related secretion phenotypes were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein expressions of P16, P21 and P53 were detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Palbociclib inhibited HK-2 cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Compared with the control cells, HK-2 cells treated with high-dose (10 μmol/L) palbociclib exhibited significantly suppressed cell proliferation activity, and the inhibitory effect was the most obvious on day 5 (P < 0.01). Palbociclib treatment significantly reduced the number of cells in S phase (P < 0.01) and induced senescence of HK-2 cells. The results of SA-β-Gal and C12FDG senescence staining showed a significantly enhanced activity of intracellular senescence-related galactosidase in palbociclib-treated HK-2 cells, suggesting significant senescence of the cells (P < 0.01). RT-PCR and Western blotting showed that palbociclib treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of P16, P21, and P53 in HK-2 cells (P < 0.01); the mRNA expression levels of senescence-related secretory factors also increased significantly in HK-2 cells after palbociclib treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Palbociclib induces HK-2 cell senescence by causing cell growth arrest and delaying cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuwei Huang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Chongbin Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Caizhen Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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13
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Shimoni C, Goldstein M, Ribarski-Chorev I, Schauten I, Nir D, Strauss C, Schlesinger S. Heat Shock Alters Mesenchymal Stem Cell Identity and Induces Premature Senescence. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:565970. [PMID: 33072750 PMCID: PMC7537765 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.565970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress can have a serious impact on the health of both humans and animals. A major question is how heat stress affects normal development and differentiation at both the cellular and the organism levels. Here we use an in vitro experimental system to address how heat shock treatment influences the properties of bovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)—multipotent progenitor cells—which are found in most tissues. Because cattle are sensitive to harsh external temperatures, studying the effects of heat shock on MSCs provides a unique platform to address cellular stress in a physiologically relevant model organism. Following isolation and characterization of MSCs from the cow’s umbilical cord, heat shock was induced either as a pulse (1 h) or continuously (3 days), and consequent effects on MSCs were characterized. Heat shock induced extensive phenotypic changes in MSCs and dramatically curtailed their capacity to proliferate and differentiate. These changes were associated with a partial arrest in the G1/S or G2/M checkpoints. Furthermore, MSCs lost their ability to resolve the inflammatory response of RAW macrophages in coculture. A possible explanation for this loss of function is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of the mitochondria in the treated cells. Heat shock treatments resulted in stress-induced premature senescence, affecting the MSCs’ ability to proliferate properly for many cell passages to follow. Exposure to elevated external temperatures leads to mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, which in turn conveys critical changes in the proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulatory phenotype of heat-stressed MSCs. A better understanding of the effect of heat shock on humans and animals may result in important health and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Shimoni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Myah Goldstein
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ivana Ribarski-Chorev
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Iftach Schauten
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana Nir
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Carmit Strauss
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharon Schlesinger
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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14
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Wyld L, Bellantuono I, Tchkonia T, Morgan J, Turner O, Foss F, George J, Danson S, Kirkland JL. Senescence and Cancer: A Review of Clinical Implications of Senescence and Senotherapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082134. [PMID: 32752135 PMCID: PMC7464619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a key component of human aging that can be induced by a range of stimuli, including DNA damage, cellular stress, telomere shortening, and the activation of oncogenes. Senescence is generally regarded as a tumour suppressive process, both by preventing cancer cell proliferation and suppressing malignant progression from pre-malignant to malignant disease. It may also be a key effector mechanism of many types of anticancer therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapies, both directly and via bioactive molecules released by senescent cells that may stimulate an immune response. However, senescence may contribute to reduced patient resilience to cancer therapies and may provide a pathway for disease recurrence after cancer therapy. A new group of drugs, senotherapies, (drugs which interact with senescent cells to interfere with their pro-aging impacts by either selectively destroying senescent cells (senolytic drugs) or inhibiting their function (senostatic drugs)) are under active investigation to determine whether they can enhance the efficacy of cancer therapies and improve resilience to cancer treatments. Senolytic drugs include quercetin, navitoclax, and fisetin and preclinical and early phase clinical data are emerging of their potential role in cancer treatments, although none are yet in routine use clinically. This article provides a review of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Wyld
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilaria Bellantuono
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Jenna Morgan
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Olivia Turner
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Fiona Foss
- Department of Pathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Jayan George
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - Sarah Danson
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; (I.B.); (J.M.); (O.T.); (J.G.); (S.D.)
| | - James L. Kirkland
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
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15
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Vernot JP. Senescence-Associated Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Tumor Cell Plasticity. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:63. [PMID: 32478091 PMCID: PMC7237636 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-recognized cell phenotypic heterogeneity in tumors is a great challenge for cancer treatment. Dynamic interconversion and movement within a spectrum of different cell phenotypes (cellular plasticity) with the acquisition of specific cell functions is a fascinating biological puzzle, that represent an additional difficulty for cancer treatment and novel therapies development. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for moving or stabilizing tumor cells within this spectrum of variable states constitutes a valuable tool to overcome these challenges. In particular, cell transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes (EMT-MET) and de-and trans-differentiation processes are relevant, since it has been shown that they confer invasiveness, drug resistance, and metastatic ability, due to the simultaneous acquisition of stem-like cell properties. Multiple drivers participate in these cell conversions events. In particular, cellular senescence and senescence-associated soluble factors have been shown to unveil stem-like cell properties and cell plasticity. By modulating gradually the composition of their secretome and the time of exposure, senescent cells may have differential effect not only on tumor cells but also on surrounding cells. Intriguingly, tumor cells that scape from senescence acquire stem-like cell properties and aggressiveness. The reinforcement of senescence and inflammation by soluble factors and the participation of immune cells may provide a dynamic milieu having varied effects on cell transitions, reprogramming, plasticity, stemness and therefore heterogeneity. This will confer different epithelial/mesenchymal traits (hybrid phenotype) and stem-like cell properties, combinations of which, in a particular cell context, could be responsible for different cellular functions during cancer progression (survival, migration, invasion, colonization or proliferation). Additionally, cooperative behavior between cell subpopulations with different phenotypes/stemness functions could also modulate their cellular plasticity. Here, we will discuss the role of senescence and senescence-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines on the induction of cellular plasticity, their effect role in establishing particular states within this spectrum of cell phenotypes and how this is accompanied by stem-like cell properties that, as the epithelial transitions, may also have a continuum of characteristics providing tumor cells with functional adaptability specifically useful in the different stages of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Vernot
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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16
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Khalil A, Cohen AA, Witkowski JM. Are We Ill Because We Age? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1508. [PMID: 31956310 PMCID: PMC6951428 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing elderly populations, sometimes referred to as gray (or silver) tsunami, are an increasingly serious health and socioeconomic concern for modern societies. Science has made tremendous progress in the understanding of aging itself, which has helped medicine to extend life expectancies. With the increase of the life expectancy, the incidence of chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) has also increased. A new approach trying to solve this problem is the concept of geroscience. This concept implies that the aging process itself is the common cause of all ARDs. The corollary and consequence of such thinking is that we can and should treat aging itself as a disease. How to translate this into the medical practice is a big challenge, but if we consider aging as a disease the problem is solved. However, as there is no common definition of what aging is, what its causes are, why it occurs, and what should be the target(s) for interventions, it is impossible to conclude that aging is a disease. On the contrary, aging should be strongly considered not to be a disease and as such should not be treated; nonetheless, aging is likely amenable to optimization of changes/adaptations at an individual level to achieve a better functional healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Biopolis, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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17
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Niu H, Qian L, Sun B, Liu W, Wang F, Wang Q, Ji X, Luo Y, Nesa EU, Lou H, Yuan H. Inactivation of TFEB and NF- κB by marchantin M alleviates the chemotherapy-driven pro-tumorigenic senescent secretion. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:923-936. [PMID: 31649843 PMCID: PMC6804491 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
It is critical to regulate the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) due to its effect on promoting malignant phenotypes and limiting the efficiency of cancer therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that marchantin M (Mar-M, a naturally occurring bisbibenzyl) suppressed pro-inflammatory SASP components which were elevated in chemotherapy-resistant cells. Mar-M treatment attenuated the pro-tumorigenic effects of SASP and enhanced survival in drug-resistant mouse models. No toxicity was detected on normal fibroblast cells or in animals following this treatment. Inactivation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by Mar-M significantly accounted for its suppression on the components of SASP. Furthermore, inhibition of SASP by Mar-M contributed to a synergistic effect during co-treatment with doxorubicin to lower toxicity and enhance antitumor efficacy. Thus, chemotherapy-driven pro-inflammatory activity, seen to contribute to drug-resistance, is an important target for Mar-M. By decreasing SASP, Mar-M may be a potential approach to overcome tumor malignancy.
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Key Words
- ALT, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase
- AST, transaminase
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CDDP, cisplatin
- CI, combinatory index
- CM, conditioned media
- CREA, creatinine
- CT-like, both chymotrypsin-like
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- Doc, docetaxel
- Doxo, doxorubicin
- Drug resistance
- EdU, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Mar-M, Marchantin M
- Marchantin M
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- PGPH, peptidylglutamyl hydrolyzing
- PI, propidium iodide
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SA-β-gal, senescence-associated β-galactosidase
- SASP
- SASP, senescence-associated secretory phenotype
- Sv, starvation
- TCGA, the Cancer Genome Atlas
- TFEB
- TFEB, transcription factor EB
- Tg, thapsigargin
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18
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Knoppert SN, Valentijn FA, Nguyen TQ, Goldschmeding R, Falke LL. Cellular Senescence and the Kidney: Potential Therapeutic Targets and Tools. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:770. [PMID: 31354486 PMCID: PMC6639430 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing health burden (affecting approximately 13.4% of the population). Currently, no curative treatment options are available and treatment is focused on limiting the disease progression. The accumulation of senescent cells has been implicated in the development of kidney fibrosis by limiting tissue rejuvenation and through the secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. The clearance of senescent cells in aging models results in improved kidney function, which shows promise for the options of targeting senescent cells in CKD. There are several approaches for the development of “senotherapies”, the most rigorous of which is the elimination of senescent cells by the so-called senolytic drugs either newly developed or repurposed for off-target effects in terms of selectively inducing apoptosis in senescent cells. Several chemotherapeutics and checkpoint inhibitors currently used in daily oncological practice show senolytic properties. However, the applicability of such senolytic compounds for the treatment of renal diseases has hardly been investigated. A serious concern is that systemic side effects will limit the use of senolytics for kidney fibrosis. Specifically targeting senescent cells and/or targeted drug delivery to the kidney might circumvent these side effects. In this review, we discuss the connection between CKD and senescence, the pharmacological options for targeting senescent cells, and the means to specifically target the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N Knoppert
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Floris A Valentijn
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucas L Falke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonessenhuis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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19
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Zhang B, Lam EWF, Sun Y. Senescent cells: A new Achilles' heel to exploit for cancer medicine? Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12875. [PMID: 30450821 PMCID: PMC6351840 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a typical tumor‐suppressive mechanism that restricts the proliferation of premalignant cells. However, mounting evidence suggests that senescent cells, which also persist in vivo, can promote the incidence of aging‐related disorders principally via the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), among which cancer is particularly devastating. Despite the beneficial effects of the SASP on certain physiological events such as wound healing and tissue repair, more studies have demonstrated that senescent cells can substantially contribute to pathological conditions and accelerate disease exacerbation, particularly cancer resistance, relapse and metastasis. To limit the detrimental properties while retaining the beneficial aspects of senescent cells, research advancements that support screening, design and optimization of anti‐aging therapeutic agents are in rapid progress in the setting of prospective development of clinical strategies, which together represent a new wave of efforts to control human malignancies or mitigate degenerative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- Department of Medicine and VAPSHCS; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
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