2
|
Liver Regeneration: Changes in Oxidative Stress, Immune System, Cytokines, and Epigenetic Modifications Associated with Aging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9018811. [PMID: 35936214 PMCID: PMC9352489 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9018811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the liver decreases with increase in age. In recent years, studies in mice have found that the regenerative capacity of the liver is associated with changes in the immune system of the liver, cytokines in the body, aging-related epigenetic modifications in the cell, and intracellular signaling pathways. In the immune system of the aging liver, monocytes and macrophages play an important role in tissue repair. During tissue repair, monocytes and macrophages undergo a series of functional and phenotypic changes to initiate and maintain tissue repair. Studies have discovered that knocking out macrophages in the liver during the repair phase results in significant impairment of liver regeneration. Furthermore, as the body ages, the secretion and function of cytokines undergo a series of changes. For example, the levels of interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor undergo changes that alter hepatocyte regulation, thereby affecting its proliferation. In addition, body aging is accompanied by cellular aging, which leads to changes in gene expression and epigenetic modifications. Additionally, this in turn causes alterations in cell function, morphology, and division and affects the regenerative capacity of the liver. As the body ages, the activity of associated functional proteins, such as CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins, p53, and switch/sucrose nonfermentable complex, changes in the liver, leading to alterations in several signaling pathways, such as the Hippo, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, and STAT3 pathways. Therefore, in recent years, research on aging and liver regeneration has primarily focused on the immune system, signaling pathways, epigenetic changes of senescent cells, and cytokine secretion in the liver. Hence, this review details the roles of these influencing factors in liver regeneration and impact of aging-related factors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Barrios V, López-Villar E, Frago LM, Canelles S, Díaz-González F, Burgos-Ramos E, Frühbeck G, Chowen JA, Argente J. Cerebral Insulin Bolus Revokes the Changes in Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Induced by Chronic Central Leptin Infusion. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030581. [PMID: 33800837 PMCID: PMC8000796 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Central actions of leptin and insulin on hepatic lipid metabolism can be opposing and the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unclear. Both hormones can modulate the central somatostatinergic system that has an inhibitory effect on growth hormone (GH) expression, which plays an important role in hepatic metabolism. Using a model of chronic central leptin infusion, we evaluated whether an increase in central leptin bioavailability modifies the serum lipid pattern through changes in hepatic lipid metabolism in male rats in response to an increase in central insulin and the possible involvement of the GH axis in these effects. We found a rise in serum GH in leptin plus insulin-treated rats, due to an increase in pituitary GH mRNA levels associated with lower hypothalamic somatostatin and pituitary somatostatin receptor-2 mRNA levels. An augment in hepatic lipolysis and a reduction in serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and triglycerides were found in leptin-treated rats. These rats experienced a rise in lipogenic-related factors and normalization of serum levels of NEFA and triglycerides after insulin treatment. These results suggest that an increase in insulin in leptin-treated rats can act on the hepatic lipid metabolism through activation of the GH axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (J.A.)
| | - Elena López-Villar
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisca Díaz-González
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics (INGEMM), IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, E-28009 Madrid, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (L.M.F.); (S.C.); (J.A.C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (J.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma J, Lin X, Chen C, Li S, Zhang S, Chen Z, Li D, Zhao F, Yang C, Yin C, Qiu W, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Miao Z, Yang T, Qian A. Circulating miR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p Are Potential Biomarkers for Prognosis and Diagnosis of Osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5686162. [PMID: 31872255 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease in aging men and women. MiRNAs associated with progressive bone loss in osteoporosis had not been clearly demonstrated. OBJECTIVE The evaluation of the differentially expressed miRNAs in the bone tissue and serum of osteoporotic women with aging. METHODS MiRNAs GeneChip and real-time PCR were used to screen differently expressed miRNAs in bone tissues of 21 osteoporotic women ages 60-69 years and 80-89 years. Identified miRNAs were detected in the serum of the validation cohort, which consisted of 14 healthy premenopausal women and 86 postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. MiR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p expression were validated in aging and OVX mice models, and osteoblasts. Their role in osteogenesis was validated in vitro. RESULTS Twenty-four miRNAs showed the highest differential expression in bone tissues of osteoporotic women in initial screening. Among them, four miRNAs were identified both in the bone tissue and serum in the validation cohort. The levels of miR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p were decreased in the serum of postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis, but increased in subjects treated with bisphosphonate plus calcitriol. MiR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p were significantly downregulated in the bone tissue of aging and OVX mice models, and upregulated during the osteogenic differentiation of hFOB1.19 and MC3T3-E1 cells. Overexpression of miR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p promoted the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts. CONCLUSIONS MiR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p are involved in bone metabolism and associated with progressive bone loss of due to osteoporosis, suggesting that circulating miR-181c-5p and miR-497-5p might act as potential biomarkers for monitoring the effects of antiosteoporotic therapies or the diagnostic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ma
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dijie Li
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaofei Yang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chong Yin
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuxia Qiu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yunyun Xiao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kewen Zhang
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Miao
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuanmin Yang
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Key Lab for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|