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Clark CD, Li J, Nipper MA, Helms ML, Finn DA, Ryabinin AE. Differential c-Fos Response in Neurocircuits Activated by Repeated Predator Stress in Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice with Stress Sensitive or Resilient Alcohol Intake Phenotypes. Neuroscience 2023; 535:168-183. [PMID: 37944582 PMCID: PMC10841633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Comorbidity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) worsens the prognosis for each of these individual disorders. The current study aimed to identify neurocircuits potentially involved in regulation of PTSD-AUD comorbidity by mapping expression of c-Fos in male and female C57BL/6J mice following repeated predator stress (PS), modeled by exposure to dirty rat bedding. In experiment 1, the levels of c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and the nucleus accumbens shell were higher after the second PS vs the first PS, indicating a sensitized response to this stressor. Additional brain regions showed varied sex-dependent and independent regulation by the two consecutive PS exposures. In experiment 2, mice that increased voluntary alcohol consumption following four exposures to PS (Sensitive subgroup) showed higher c-Fos induction in the PVH, piriform cortex and ventromedial hypothalamus than mice that decreased consumption following these exposures (Resilient subgroup). In contrast to these brain regions, c-Fos was higher in the anterior olfactory nucleus of Resilient vs Sensitive mice. Taken together, these data demonstrate that repeated PS exposure and voluntary alcohol consumption increase neuronal activity across neurocircuits in which specific components depend on the vulnerability of individual mice to these stressors. Increased PVH activity observed across both experiments suggests this brain area as a potential mediator of PS-induced increases in alcohol consumption. Future investigations of specific neuronal populations within the PVH activated by PS, and manipulation of these specific neuronal populations, could improve our understanding of the mechanisms leading to PTSD-AUD comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal D Clark
- Department of Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michelle A Nipper
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Melinda L Helms
- Department of Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Deborah A Finn
- Department of Research, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrey E Ryabinin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Bloch S, Holleran KM, Kash TL, Vazey EM, Rinker JA, Lebonville CL, O'Hara K, Lopez MF, Jones SR, Grant KA, Becker HC, Mulholland PJ. Assessing negative affect in mice during abstinence from alcohol drinking: Limitations and future challenges. Alcohol 2022; 100:41-56. [PMID: 35181404 PMCID: PMC8983487 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently comorbid with mood disorders, and these co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorders contribute to the development and maintenance of alcohol dependence and relapse. In preclinical models, mice chronically exposed to alcohol display anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviors during acute withdrawal and protracted abstinence. However, in total, results from studies using voluntary alcohol-drinking paradigms show variable behavioral outcomes in assays measuring negative affective behaviors. Thus, the main objective of this review is to summarize the literature on the variability of negative affective behaviors in mice after chronic alcohol exposure. We compare the behavioral phenotypes that emerge during abstinence across different exposure models, including models of alcohol and stress interactions. The complicated outcomes from these studies highlight the difficulties of assessing negative affective behaviors in mouse models designed for the study of AUD. We discuss new behavioral assays, comprehensive platforms, and unbiased machine-learning algorithms as promising approaches to better understand the interaction between alcohol and negative affect in mice. New data-driven approaches in the understanding of mouse behavior hold promise for improving the identification of mechanisms, cell subtypes, and neurocircuits that mediate negative affect. In turn, improving our understanding of the neurobehavioral basis of alcohol-associated negative affect will provide a platform to test hypotheses in mouse models that aim to improve the development of more effective strategies for treating individuals with AUD and co-occurring mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solal Bloch
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Katherine M Holleran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Thomas L Kash
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Elena M Vazey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Jennifer A Rinker
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Christina L Lebonville
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Krysten O'Hara
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Sara R Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, United States
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, United States
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States
| | - Patrick J Mulholland
- Department of Neuroscience, Charleston Alcohol Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, United States.
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Quijano Cardé NA, De Biasi M. Behavioral characterization of withdrawal following chronic voluntary ethanol consumption via intermittent two-bottle choice points to different susceptibility categories. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:614-627. [PMID: 35102570 PMCID: PMC9018532 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol is among the most commonly abused drugs worldwide. Cessation of chronic alcohol consumption can result in the appearance of withdrawal symptoms that commonly promote relapse in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Thus, preclinical models of voluntary alcohol consumption, in which animals manifest spontaneous signs of withdrawal after alcohol cessation, can be useful for studying AUD and its treatment. The intermittent two-bottle choice paradigm (I2BC) has been used extensively to examine alcohol intake in rodents. However, previous studies have reported conflicting observations regarding its potential to result in the spontaneous manifestation of withdrawal upon alcohol cessation. METHODS We employed a battery of behavioral tests to examine the emergence of affective and physical signs of withdrawal in female and male mice exposed to alcohol in the I2BC for 10 weeks. Specifically, mice of both sexes undergoing 24-h withdrawal from the I2BC were tested for physical signs of withdrawal, anxiety-like behavior in the open field arena (OFA) and elevated plus maze (EPM), and anxiety/compulsive-like behavior in the marble burying test (MBT). The main outcomes from these tests were combined into a behavioral severity score to describe the overall behavioral phenotype. RESULTS Both female and male mice undergoing withdrawal from the I2BC displayed elevated physical signs of withdrawal and anxiety-associated behavior in the EPM and MBT. Analysis of the overall behavioral severity score revealed more severe phenotypes in female and male mice undergoing withdrawal from the I2BC than controls. Additionally, stratification of the mice based on severity scores demonstrated a differential distribution of severities between the exposure groups. CONCLUSIONS We confirmed that a significant fraction of mice chronically exposed to alcohol in the I2BC display spontaneous withdrawal. In addition, we showed that computing a severity score from a combination of behavioral metrics can be useful in preclinical research to model evaluation tools used in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Quijano Cardé
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bowen MT, George O, Muskiewicz DE, Hall FS. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ESCALATION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:730-756. [PMID: 34839930 PMCID: PMC8892842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding factors that contribute to the escalation of alcohol consumption is key to understanding how an individual transitions from non/social drinking to AUD and to providing better treatment. In this review, we discuss how the way ethanol is consumed as well as individual and environmental factors contribute to the escalation of ethanol consumption from intermittent low levels to consistently high levels. Moreover, we discuss how these factors are modelled in animals. It is clear a vast array of complex, interacting factors influence changes in alcohol consumption. Some of these factors act early in the acquisition of ethanol consumption and initial escalation, while others contribute to escalation of ethanol consumption at a later stage and are involved in the development of alcohol dependence. There is considerable need for more studies examining escalation associated with the formation of dependence and other hallmark features of AUD, especially studies examining mechanisms, as it is of considerable relevance to understanding and treating AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Bowen
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,The University of Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia,Corresponding Author: Michael T. Bowen, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia,
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn E. Muskiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - F. Scott Hall
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacology and Pharmacological Science, University of Toledo, OH, USA
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Bloch S, Rinker JA, Marcus MM, Mulholland PJ. Absence of effects of intermittent access to alcohol on negative affective and anxiety-like behaviors in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Alcohol 2020; 88:91-99. [PMID: 32777473 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is highly comorbid with other neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety. Importantly, women and men are affected differentially by heavy drinking, with women experiencing longer negative affective states after intoxication and increased likelihood to present with comorbid mood or anxiety disorders. In rodents, several studies using different alcohol administration models have shown the development of depressive-like or anxiety-like phenotypes that emerge during abstinence. In this study, we compared the emergence of negative affective behaviors during abstinence from 7 weeks of two-bottle choice intermittent access to 20% alcohol in male and female C57BL/6J mice, a drinking paradigm little studied in this context. Half of the mice were tested 24 hours into abstinence on the elevated zero maze and 19-20 days into abstinence in a novel object in the home cage encounter test. The other half of the mice were tested 27-28 days into abstinence with the novelty-suppressed feeding test. As expected, females drank more than males across the 7 weeks of access to alcohol. Drinking history did not affect performance on these tasks, with the exception of increasing the number of open arm entries on the elevated zero maze. Interestingly, in alcohol-naïve mice, females showed fewer anxiety-like behaviors than males in the elevated zero maze and the novelty-suppressed feeding test. Our results suggest that the intermittent access model does not reliably induce negative affective behaviors on these tasks, and that behavior in female and male mice differs across these tests. Rather, intermittent alcohol drinking may induce a mild form of behavioral disinhibition. Thus, the model of alcohol access is a critical factor in determining the appearance of behavioral disturbances that emerge during abstinence.
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