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Flora K. A Review of the Prevention of Drug Addiction: Specific Interventions, Effectiveness, and Important Topics. ADDICTION & HEALTH 2022; 14:288-295. [PMID: 37559791 PMCID: PMC10408746 DOI: 10.34172/ahj.2022.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was a narrative review on prevention of addictive behaviors with an effort to clarify the major concepts of prevention and its dimensions. METHODS The PsycInfo and MedInfo databases were used to identify prevention. Α total of 65 articles were found 46 of which were included in the review. Τhe data were analyzed using content analysis. FINDINGS For a better understanding of the results, it was deemed advisable to categorize them into: (a) the types of major interventions and the theoretical approaches on which they were based, (b) the results of the review articles according to (1) variables and factors concerning the prevention proved important through the review and (2) a number of more general important topics which arose in the prevention of addictive behaviors. CONCLUSION The results highlighted the greater effectiveness of community-based programs, applied primarily in broader contexts but also secondarily in high-risk groups. Τhe results were discussed based on the combination of the emerged factors with each other and prevention experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Flora
- Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, Greece
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Agardh EE, Allebeck P, Flodin P, Wennberg P, Ramstedt M, Knudsen AK, Øverland S, Kinge JM, Tollånes MC, Eikemo TA, Skogen JC, Mäkelä P, Gissler M, Juel K, Moesgaard Iburg K, McGrath JJ, Naghavi M, Vollset SE, Gakidou E, Danielsson AK. Alcohol-attributed disease burden in four Nordic countries between 2000 and 2017: Are the gender gaps narrowing? A comparison using the Global Burden of Disease, Injury and Risk Factor 2017 study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 40:431-442. [PMID: 33210443 PMCID: PMC7983874 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The gender difference in alcohol use seems to have narrowed in the Nordic countries, but it is not clear to what extent this may have affected differences in levels of harm. We compared gender differences in all-cause and cause-specific alcohol-attributed disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), in four Nordic countries in 2000-2017, to find out if gender gaps in DALYs had narrowed. DESIGN AND METHODS Alcohol-attributed disease burden by DALYs per 100 000 population with 95% uncertainty intervals were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease database. RESULTS In 2017, all-cause DALYs in males varied between 2531 in Finland and 976 in Norway, and in females between 620 in Denmark and 270 in Norway. Finland had the largest gender differences and Norway the smallest, closely followed by Sweden. During 2000-2017, absolute gender differences in all-cause DALYs declined by 31% in Denmark, 26% in Finland, 19% in Sweden and 18% in Norway. In Finland, this was driven by a larger relative decline in males than females; in Norway, it was due to increased burden in females. In Denmark, the burden in females declined slightly more than in males, in relative terms, while in Sweden the relative decline was similar in males and females. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The gender gaps in harm narrowed to a different extent in the Nordic countries, with the differences driven by different conditions. Findings are informative about how inequality, policy and sociocultural differences affect levels of harm by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie E Agardh
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Allebeck
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pär Flodin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Wennberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Ramstedt
- Swedish Council for Information on Alcohol and Drugs, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Kristin Knudsen
- Centre for Disease Burden, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon Øverland
- Centre for Disease Burden, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jonas Minet Kinge
- Centre for Disease Burden, The Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Health Management and Health Economics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette C Tollånes
- Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Terje A Eikemo
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.,Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pia Mäkelä
- Alcohol and Drugs Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinkim, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knud Juel
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - John J McGrath
- National Center for Register-based Research, Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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