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Anderson P, Jané-Llopis E, Hasan OSM, Rehm J. Changing Collective Social Norms in Favour of Reduced Harmful Use of Alcohol: A Review of Reviews. Alcohol Alcohol 2018; 53:326-332. [PMID: 29346480 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Public sector bodies have called for policies and programmes to shift collective social norms in disfavour of the harmful use of alcohol. This article aims to identify and summarize the evidence and propose how policies and programmes to shift social norms could be implemented and evaluated. Design Review of reviews for all years to July 2017. Data sources Searches on OVID Medline, Healthstar, Embase, PsycINFO, AMED, Social Work Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Mental Measurements Yearbook, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, International Political Science Abstracts, NASW Clinical Register and Epub Ahead of Print databases. Eligibility All reviews, without language or date restrictions resulting from combining the terms ((review or literature review or review literature or data pooling or comparative study or systematic review or meta-analysis or pooled analysis) and (social norms or culture) and (alcohol drinking)). Results Two relevant reviews were identified. One review of community-based interventions found one study that demonstrated small changes in parental disapproval of under-age drinking. One review stressed that collective social norms about drinking are malleable and not uniform in any one country. Three factors are proposed to inform programmes: provide information about the consequences of the harmful use of alcohol, and their causes and distribution; act on groups, not individuals; and strengthen environmental laws, regulations and approaches. Conclusions Purposeful policies and programmes could be implemented to change collective social norms in disfavour of the harmful use of alcohol; they should be evidence-based and fully evaluated for their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Anderson
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AX, UK.,Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P. Debyeplein 1, 6221 HA Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.,ESADE Business School, Ramon Llull University, Av. Esplugues 92-96, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Omer Syed Muhammad Hasan
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2S1.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.,Institute of Medical Science (IMS), University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Room 2374, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.,Institute for Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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Bardach AE, Caporale JE, Rubinstein AL, Danaei G. Impact of level and patterns of alcohol drinking on coronary heart disease and stroke burden in Argentina. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173704. [PMID: 28282416 PMCID: PMC5345854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are expected to increase in Latin America. Moderate and regular alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular protection, while binge drinking increases risk. We estimated the effects of alcohol use on the number of annual CHD and stroke deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Argentina. METHODS Alcohol use data were obtained from a nationally representative survey (EnPreCosp 2011), and etiological effect sizes from meta-analyses of epidemiological studies. Cause-specific mortality rates were from the vital registration system. RESULTS There were 291,475 deaths in 2010 including 24,893 deaths from CHD and 15,717 from stroke. 62.7% of men and 38.7% of women reported drinking alcohol in the past year. All heavy drinkers (i.e. women who drank >20g/day and men who drank >40g/day of alcohol) met the definition of binge drinking and therefore did not benefit from cardioprotective effects. Alcohol drinking prevented 1,424 CHD deaths per year but caused 935 deaths from stroke (121 ischemic and 814 hemorrhagic), leading to 448 CVD deaths prevented (58.3% in men). Alcohol use was estimated to save 85,772 DALYs from CHD, but was responsible for 52,171 lost from stroke. CONCLUSIONS In Argentina, the cardioprotective effect of regular and moderate alcohol drinking is slightly larger than the harmful impact of binge drinking on CVD. However, considering global deleterious effects of alcohol in public health, policies to reduce binge drinking should be enforced, especially for young people. Studies are still needed to elucidate effects on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Esteban Bardach
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)–Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joaquín Enzo Caporale
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)–Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo Luis Rubinstein
- Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)–Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Goodarz Danaei
- Department of Global Health and Population–Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, United States of America
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Monteiro MG, Babor TF, Jernigan D, Brookes C. Alcohol marketing regulation: from research to public policy. Addiction 2017; 112 Suppl 1:3-6. [PMID: 28070937 DOI: 10.1111/add.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas F Babor
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - David Jernigan
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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