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Raitasalo K, Rossow I, Moan IS, Bye EK, Svensson J, Thor S, Ekholm O, Pisinger V, Arnarsson Á, Bloomfield K. Changes in co-use of alcohol and cannabis among Nordic adolescents in the 21st century: Results from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:616-624. [PMID: 37095643 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the 21st century, there has been a decline in alcohol use among adolescents in most Nordic countries, while trends of cannabis use have diverged. We explore how alcohol and cannabis use, respectively, and co-use of the two substances, have changed among Nordic adolescents. Three hypotheses are used to frame the study: (i) cannabis use has substituted alcohol use; (ii) there has been a parallel decline in both substances; and/or (iii) there has been a 'hardening' of users, implying that alcohol users increasingly use cannabis. METHODS Data from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs, conducted among 15- to 16-year-olds in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden (N = 74,700, 49% boys), were used to explore trends of past-year alcohol and cannabis use in the period 2003-2019. RESULTS The proportion of adolescents reporting alcohol use decreased significantly in all Nordic countries except Denmark. The proportion of those using cannabis only was low (0.0%-0.7%) and stable in all countries. The total number of substance use occasions declined among all adolescents in all countries but Denmark. Among alcohol users, cannabis use became increasingly prevalent in all countries but Denmark. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We found no support for the 'parallel decline hypothesis' in alcohol and cannabis use among Nordic adolescents. Partially in line with the 'substitution hypothesis', cannabis use accounted for an increasing proportion of all substance use occasions. Our results suggests that the co-use of alcohol and cannabis has become more common, thus also providing support to the 'hardening' hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsimarja Raitasalo
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Elin K Bye
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Svensson
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siri Thor
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica Pisinger
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rabiee R, Lundin A, Agardh E, Allebeck P, Danielsson AK. Cannabis use disorder in relation to socioeconomic factors and psychiatric comorbidity: A cluster analysis of three million individuals born in 1970-2000. Scand J Public Health 2023; 51:82-89. [PMID: 36120841 PMCID: PMC9903242 DOI: 10.1177/14034948221122431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is one of the main reasons for seeking substance use treatment. It is thus important to monitor and increase knowledge of individuals with CUD utilizing healthcare. We aimed to examine the number of CUD diagnoses over time, compare individuals with CUD with those without and identify subgroups based on CUD diagnosis, sex, birth year, socioeconomic factors and psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS A Swedish, population-based study with 3,307,759 individuals, born in 1970-2000, with register data extending to 2016. K-mode cluster analysis was used to identify potential subgroups. RESULTS The number of individuals with a CUD diagnosis was 14,046 (0.42%). CUD diagnoses increased over time (born 1990-1994: 61 per 100,000, born 1995-2000: 107 per 100,000, by 2016). A majority of those with a CUD had another psychiatric diagnosis (80%, compared with 19% for those without CUD). Four clusters were identified. Cluster 1 comprised mainly men with low income and substance use disorders, clusters 2, 3 and 4 comprised mainly women with higher proportions of mood-related, neurotic and stress-related and behavioural disorders. CONCLUSIONS
There was an increase in CUD diagnoses in Sweden over time, especially among younger birth cohorts. Individuals with CUD were more often male, from younger birth cohorts, with lower education and income than those without CUD. Men and women with CUD exhibited differences in education, income and psychiatric comorbidity. Our results demonstrate the importance of monitoring the impact of socioeconomic factors and psychiatric comorbidity in relation to CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rynaz Rabiee
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden,Rynaz Rabiee, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Global Public Health (GPH), Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden. E-mail:
| | - Andreas Lundin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden,Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Sweden
| | - Emilie Agardh
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Peter Allebeck
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Xu W, Shao Z, Lou H, Qi J, Zhu J, Li D, Shu Q. Prediction of congenital heart disease for newborns: comparative analysis of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average models. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:257. [PMID: 36183070 PMCID: PMC9526308 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the temporal trend of the number of new congenital heart disease (CHD) cases among newborns in Jinhua from 2019 to 2020 and explored an appropriate model to fit and forecast the tendency of CHD. METHODS Data on CHD from 2019 to 2020 was collected from a health information system. We counted the number of newborns with CHD weekly and separately used the additive Holt-Winters ES method and ARIMA model to fit and predict the number of CHD for newborns in Jinhua. By comparing the mean square error, rooted mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of each approach, we evaluated the effects of different approaches for predicting the number of CHD in newborns. RESULTS A total of 1135 newborns, including 601 baby girls and 534 baby boys, were admitted for CHD from HIS in Jinhua during the 2-year study period. The prevalence of CHD among newborns in Jinhua in 2019 was 0.96%. Atrial septal defect was diagnosed the most frequently among all newborns with CHD. The number of CHD cases among newborns remained stable in 2019 and 2020. There were fewer cases in spring and summer, while cases peaked in November and December. The ARIMA(2,1,1) model relatively offered advantages over the additive Holt-winters ES method in predicting the number of newborns with CHD, while the accuracy of ARIMA(2,1,1) was not very ideal. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of CHD is related to many risk factors, therefore, when using temporal models to fit and predict the data, we must consider such factors' influence and try to incorporate them into the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weize Xu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zehua Shao
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Hongliang Lou
- Jinhua Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinhua, 321000, China
| | - Jianchuan Qi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jihua Zhu
- Department of Nursing, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Die Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Shu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, China.
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Risso C, Boniface S, Subbaraman MS, Englund A. Does cannabis complement or substitute alcohol consumption? A systematic review of human and animal studies. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:938-954. [PMID: 32648806 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120919970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether alcohol and cannabis complement or substitute each other has been studied for over two decades. In the changing cannabis policy landscape, debates are moving rapidly and spill-over effects on other substances are of interest. AIMS update and extend a previous systematic review, by: (a) identifying new human behavioural studies reporting on substitution and/or complementarity of alcohol and cannabis, and (b) additionally including animal studies. METHODS We replicated the search strategy of an earlier systematic review, supplemented with a new search for animal studies. Search results were crossed checked against the earlier review and reference lists were hand searched. Findings were synthesised using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Sixty-five articles were included (64 in humans, one in animals). We synthesised findings into categories: patterns of use, substitution practices, economic relationship, substance use disorders, policy evaluation, others and animal studies. Overall, 30 studies found evidence for substitution, 17 for complementarity, 14 did not find evidence for either, and four found evidence for both. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the evidence regarding complementarity and substitution of cannabis and alcohol is mixed. We identified stronger support for substitution than complementarity, though evidence indicates different effects in different populations and to some extent across different study designs. The quality of studies varied and few were designed specifically to address this question. Dedicated high-quality research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Risso
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Clinica las Condes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sadie Boniface
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Amir Englund
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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