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Haley SJ, Jardine SJ, Kelvin EA, Herrmann C, Maroko AR. Neighborhood Alcohol Outlet Density, Historical Redlining, and Violent Crime in NYC 2014-2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3212. [PMID: 36833907 PMCID: PMC9963869 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol outlets tend to cluster in lower income neighborhoods and do so disproportionately in areas with more residents of color. This study explores the association between on- and off-premise alcohol outlet density and history of redlining with violent crime in New York City between 2014 and 2018. Alcohol outlet density was calculated using a spatial accessibility index. Multivariable linear regression models assess associations between the history of redlining, on-premise and off-premise alcohol outlet density with serious crime. Each unit increase in on- and off-premise alcohol density was associated with a significant increase in violent crime (β = 3.1, p < 0.001 on-premise and β = 33.5, p < 0.001 off premise). In stratified models (redlined vs not redlined community block groups) the association between off-premise alcohol outlet density and violent crime density was stronger in communities with a history of redlining compared to those without redlining (β = 42.4, p < 0.001 versus β = 30.9, p < 0.001, respectively). However, on-premise alcohol outlet density was only significantly associated with violent crime in communities without a history of redlining (β = 3.6, p < 0.001). The violent crime experienced by formerly redlined communities in New York City is likely related to a legacy of racialized housing policies and may be associated with state policies that allow for high neighborhood alcohol outlet density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean J. Haley
- Department of Health Policy and Management, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shari J. Jardine
- Department of Health Policy and Management, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Kelvin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA
- CUNY Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Occupational Health, Epidemiology & Prevention, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University/Northwell Health, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Christopher Herrmann
- Department of Law & Police Science, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew R. Maroko
- Department of Environmental, Occupational, and Geospatial Health Sciences, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Meinhofer A. Medical marijuna laws: Response to Caputi. Addiction 2020; 115:189-190. [PMID: 31724224 DOI: 10.1111/add.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Meinhofer
- Cornell University Joan and Sandford I. Weill Medical College, Healthcare Policy and Research, New York, NY, USA
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