Influence of saliva on the results of global laboratory coagulation tests

Efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy affecting salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients. An observational study

Objectives

To assess the effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on salivary biomarkers in non-diabetic and type 2 diabetic periodontitis patients and to investigate if saliva may be used to monitor glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.

Material and methods

250 participants with chronic generalized periodontitis aged 35-70 years were divided into two groups: test group with type 2 diabetes (125 subjects with 64 males & 61 females) and control group with non-diabetic (125 subjects with 83 males & 42 females). Participants received non-surgical periodontal treatment. Pre-NSPT and 6-week post-NSPT saliva glucose, amylase, total protein, and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured. Intergroup correlations were assessed using Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient and paired t-test.

Results

Non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly decreased CRP (p < 0.05) in diabetics and non-diabetics. CRP mean values changes from baseline 1.79 to post op 1.5 and baseline 1.5 to post-op 1.24 in males and females of test group, respectively. In control group males and females, mean values change from baseline 1.48 to post-op 1.42 and 1.499 to 1.40. Other parameters Glucose, amylase & total protein showed improvement in the level, but statistically non-significant (p > 0.05). Salivary glucose levels corresponded favorably with HbA1C levels.

Conclusion

In individuals with type 2 diabetes and non-diabetic generalized chronic periodontitis, non-surgical periodontal therapy may play a role in lowering the level of significant salivary biomarkers. Saliva can be utilized as a non-invasive approach for monitoring glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis.

The Effect of Long-Term Antihypertensive Therapy on the Change in Secretion and Calcium, Bicarbonate and Phosphate Ion Concentration in Non-Stimulated and Stimulated Saliva

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of saliva secreted and calcium, bicarbonate, and phosphate ion concentration in patients receiving antihypertensive for five years or over five years (patient group) and in healthy patients (control group).

Material and methods

The patient or experimental group included 31 subjects who were admitted to a cardiovascular clinic and had been receiving an antihypertensive drug therapy for more than five years. The control group included 31 healthy subjects. The measured amount of saliva was further used to determine the calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate ion concentration values. Calcium and phosphate ions were determined spectrophotometrically, while bicarbonate ions were determined by titration.

Results

A two-way-test (Student's test) was used to compare the values of variables. The amount of excreted saliva was statistically significantly lower in the patient group in non-stimulated (1.739 mL/5 min) and stimulated saliva (3.594 mL/5 min). Calcium ion concentration was statistically significantly lower in patient group in resting saliva (6.143 mg/dL). Bicarbonate and phosphate ion concentration in patient group was statistically significantly higher in non-stimulated (bicarbonate ion = 14.041 mmol/L, phosphate ion = 2.818 μmol/L) and stimulated saliva (bicarbonate ion = 10.872 mmol/L, phosphate ion = 1.454 μmol/L), respectively.

Conclusion

A reduced amount of saliva and calcium ion concentration indicates the possibility of a higher frequency of hard dental tissue demineralization process. On the contrary, the increase in the phosphate and bicarbonate ion concentration in the patient group affects the regulation of acid-base balance, thus having a preventive effect.