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Klimešová J, Herben T. Belowground morphology as a clue for plant response to disturbance and productivity in a temperate flora. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:61-76. [PMID: 38358032 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess a large variety of nonacquisitive belowground organs, such as rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and coarse roots. These organs determine a whole set of functions that are decisive in coping with climate, productivity, disturbance, and biotic interactions, and have been hypothesized to affect plant distribution along environmental gradients. We assembled data on belowground organ morphology for 1712 species from Central Europe and tested these hypotheses by quantifying relationships between belowground morphologies and species optima along ecological gradients related to productivity and disturbance. Furthermore, we linked these data with species co-occurrence in 30 115 vegetation plots from the Czech Republic to determine relationships between belowground organ diversity and these gradients. The strongest gradients determining belowground organ distribution were disturbance severity and frequency, light, and moisture. Nonclonal perennials and annuals occupy much smaller parts of the total environmental space than major types of clonal plants. Forest habitats had the highest diversity of co-occurring belowground morphologies; in other habitats, the diversity of belowground morphologies was generally lower than the random expectation. Our work shows that nonacquisitive belowground organs may be partly responsible for plant environmental niches. This adds a new dimension to the plant trait spectrum, currently based on acquisitive traits (leaves and fine roots) only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, CZ-379 82, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Praha 2, CZ-128 01, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Praha 2, CZ-128 01, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, CZ-252 43, Czech Republic
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Ma R, Xu Q, Gao Y, Peng D, Sun H, Song B. Patterns and drivers of plant sexual systems in the dry-hot valley region of southwestern China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2024; 46:158-168. [PMID: 38807913 PMCID: PMC11128841 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sexual systems play important roles in angiosperm evolution and exhibit substantial variations among different floras. Thus, studying their evolution in a whole flora is crucial for understanding the formation and maintenance of plant biodiversity and predicting its responses to environmental change. In this study, we determined the patterns of plant sexual systems and their associations with geographic elements and various life-history traits in dry-hot valley region of southwestern China, an extremely vulnerable ecosystem. Of the 3166 angiosperm species recorded in this area, 74.5% were hermaphroditic, 13.5% were monoecious and 12% were dioecious, showing a high incidence of diclinous species. Diclinous species were strongly associated with tropical elements, whereas hermaphroditic species were strongly associated with temperate and cosmopolitan elements. We also found that hermaphroditism was strongly associated with showy floral displays, specialist entomophily, dry fruits and herbaceous plants. Dioecy was strongly associated with inconspicuous, pale-colored flowers, generalist entomophily, fleshy fruits, and woody plants, whereas monoecy was strongly associated with inconspicuous, pale-colored flowers, anemophily, dry fruits, and herbaceous plants. In addition, hermaphroditic species with generalist entomophily tended to flower in the dry season, whereas diclinous species with specialist entomophily tended to flower in the rainy season. However, independent of sexual systems, plants that produce dry fruits tended to flower in the rainy season and set fruits in the dry season, but the opposite pattern was found for fleshy fruit-producing plants. Our results suggest that in the dry-hot valleys, plant sexual systems are associated with geographic elements as well as various life-history traits that are sensitive to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongqian Gao
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Deli Peng
- School of Life Science/Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops/Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Klimešová J, Ottaviani G, Charles-Dominique T, Campetella G, Canullo R, Chelli S, Janovský Z, Lubbe FC, Martínková J, Herben T. Incorporating clonality into the plant ecology research agenda. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1236-1247. [PMID: 34419339 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A longstanding research divide exists in plant ecology: either focusing on plant clonality, with no ambition to address nonclonal plants, or focusing on all plants, ignoring that many ecological processes can be affected by the fact that some plants are clonal while others are not. This gap cascades into a lack of distinction and knowledge about the similarities and differences between clonal and nonclonal plants. Here we aim to bridge this gap by identifying areas that would benefit from the incorporation of clonal growth into one integrated research platform: namely, response to productivity and disturbance, biotic interactions, and population dynamics. We are convinced that this will provide a roadmap to gain valuable insights into the ecoevolutionary dynamics relevant to all plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Klimešová
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Gianluigi Ottaviani
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tristan Charles-Dominique
- CNRS UMR7618, Sorbonne University, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Paris, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Giandiego Campetella
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roberto Canullo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefano Chelli
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, Camerino University, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Zdeněk Janovský
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic; Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - F Curtis Lubbe
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Martínková
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 37901 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Herben
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12800 Praha, Czech Republic; Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
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Bokhorst S, Convey P, Casanova-Katny A, Aerts R. Warming impacts potential germination of non-native plants on the Antarctic Peninsula. Commun Biol 2021; 4:403. [PMID: 33767327 PMCID: PMC7994377 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Antarctic Peninsula is under pressure from non-native plants and this risk is expected to increase under climate warming. Establishment and subsequent range expansion of non-native plants depend in part on germination ability under Antarctic conditions, but quantifying these processes has yet to receive detailed study. Viability testing and plant growth responses under simulated Antarctic soil surface conditions over an annual cycle show that 16 non-native species, including grasses, herbs, rushes and a succulent, germinated and continued development under a warming scenario. Thermal germination requirement (degree day sum) was calculated for each species and field soil-temperature recordings indicate that this is satisfied as far south as 72° S. Here, we show that the establishment potential of non-native species, in number and geographical range, is considerably greater than currently suggested by species distribution modelling approaches, with important implications for risk assessments of non-native species along the Antarctic Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stef Bokhorst
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angélica Casanova-Katny
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiologia Vegetal y Núcleo de Estudios Ambientales (NEA), Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Rien Aerts
- Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gao Y, Zheng J, Lin X, Du F. Distribution patterns of clonal plants in the subnival belt of the Hengduan Mountains, SW China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:386-392. [PMID: 33134623 PMCID: PMC7584785 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Clonal reproduction (i.e., production of potentially independent offspring by vegetative growth) is thought to provide plants with reproductive assurance. Thus, studying the evolution of clonal reproduction in local floras is crucial for our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms plants deploy in stressful environments such as alpine regions. In this study, we characterized clonal plant species in the subnival belt of the Hengduan Mountains (a global biodiversity hotspot with extreme environmental conditions in southwest China), in order to determine the effects of sex system, growth form, and elevational distribution on clonality. We compiled clonality data of angiosperm species belonging to 41 families in the subnival belt of the Hengduan Mountains using published information. Of the 793 species recorded in the region, 47.92% (380 species) are clonal species. Both sex system and growth form had significant effects on the occurrence of clonal reproduction: unisexual species (79.79%) were more likely to be clonal than bisexual species (43.63%), and herbaceous species (51.04%) were more likely to be clonal than woody species (16.67%). Compared with non-alpine-endemic species (44.60%), alpine-endemic species (58.33%) showed a significantly higher proportion of clonal reproduction. Further logistic regression analysis showed a positive association between incidence of clonality and elevational range, indicating that species distributed at high elevations are more likely to be clonal. Furthermore, the elevational gradients in clonality were contingent on sex system or growth form. This study reveals that plants in the subnival belt of the Hengduan Mountains might optimize their probability of reproduction through clonal reproduction, a finding that adds to our growing understanding of plant's adaptations to harsh alpine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqian Gao
- Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, PR China
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College, 1 Jindian, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jinxuan Zheng
- Forest Inventory and Planning Institute of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650051, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiangqun Lin
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College, 1 Jindian, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, 300 Bailong Road, Kunming, 650224, Yunnan, PR China
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Klimešová J, Martínková J, Ottaviani G. Belowground plant functional ecology: Towards an integrated perspective. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Klimešová
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of BotanyCzech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
- Department of BotanyFaculty of ScienceCharles University Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jana Martínková
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of BotanyCzech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
| | - Gianluigi Ottaviani
- Department of Functional EcologyInstitute of BotanyCzech Academy of Sciences Třeboň Czech Republic
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