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Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhuo H, Lin L, Li J, Fu S, Xue H, Wen H, Zhou X, Guo C, Wu G. Differential Toxicity Responses between Hepatopancreas and Gills in Litopenaeus vannamei under Chronic Ammonia-N Exposure. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3799. [PMID: 38136836 PMCID: PMC10741007 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonia nitrogen is one of the main toxic substances in aquatic cultivation environments. Chronic exposure to excessive amounts of ammonia-N creates toxic consequences, retarding the growth of aquatic organisms. This study investigated the growth performance, morphological and physiological alterations, and transcriptome changes in the hepatopancreas and gills of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate (p > 0.05), whereas growth performance was reduced significantly in the treated groups compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). Significant structural damage and vacuolation occurred in hepatopancreas and gill tissues in the treated groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Na+/K+-ATPase content were significantly increased by chronic ammonia-N exposure in the two tissue groups. In addition, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly altered in the hepatopancreas groups (p < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed in the gill groups (p > 0.05). There were 890 and 1572 differentially expressed genes identified in the hepatopancreas (treated versus control groups) and gills (treated versus control groups), respectively, of L. vannamei under chronic ammonia-N exposure. Functional enrichment analysis revealed associations with oxidative stress, protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and different serine proteases. The gills maintained cellular homeostasis mainly through high expression of cytoskeleton and transcription genes, whereas the hepatopancreas down-regulated related genes in the ribosome, proteasome, and spliceosome pathways. These genes and pathways are important in the biosynthesis and transformation of living organisms. In addition, both tissues maintained organismal growth primarily through lipid metabolism, which may serve as an effective strategy for ammonia-N resistance in L. vannamei. These results provided a new perspective in understanding the mechanisms of ammonia-N resistance in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongbiao Zhuo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Lanting Lin
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuo Fu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Haiqiong Xue
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Haimin Wen
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
| | - Xiaoxun Zhou
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Chaoan Guo
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Guangbo Wu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.Z.); (H.Z.); (L.L.); (J.L.); (S.F.); (H.X.); (H.W.); (X.Z.); (C.G.); (G.W.)
- Guangdong Provincial Shrimp Breeding and Culture Laboratory, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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