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Cunha MSE, Albuquerque RDS, Campos JGM, Monteiro FDDO, Rossy KDC, Cardoso TDS, Carvalho LS, Borges LPB, Domingues SFS, Thiesen R, Thiesen RMC, Teixeira PPM. Computed Tomography Evaluation of Frozen or Glycerinated Bradypus variegatus Cadavers: A Comprehensive View with Emphasis on Anatomical Aspects. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:355. [PMID: 38337999 PMCID: PMC10854505 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bradypus variegatus has unique anatomical characteristics, and many of its vascular and digestive tract aspects have yet to be clearly understood. This lack of information makes clinical diagnoses and surgical procedures difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anatomical aspects of frozen and glycerinated corpses of B. variegatus using computed tomography (CT), emphasizing vascular and digestive contrast studies. Nine corpses that died during routine hospital were examined via CT in the supine position with scanning in the craniocaudal direction. In frozen cadavers, the contrast was injected into a cephalic vein after thawing and, subsequently, was administered orally. In addition to bone structures, CT allowed the identification of organs, soft tissues, and vascular structures in specimens. Visualization of soft tissues was better after contrast been administered intravenously and orally, even without active vascularization. Furthermore, the surfaces of the organs were highlighted by the glycerination method. With this technique, it was possible to describe part of the vascularization of the brachial, cervical, thoracic, and abdominal regions, in addition to highlighting the esophagus and part of the stomach. CT can be another tool for the evaluation of B. variegatus cadavers by anatomists or pathologists, contributing to the identification of anatomical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Santos e Cunha
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Rodrigo dos Santos Albuquerque
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | | | | | - Kayan da Cunha Rossy
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Thiago da Silva Cardoso
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Lucas Santos Carvalho
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Luisa Pucci Bueno Borges
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Sheyla Farhayldes Souza Domingues
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Roberto Thiesen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Roberta Martins Crivelaro Thiesen
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (M.S.e.C.); (R.d.S.A.); (K.d.C.R.); (T.d.S.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.P.B.B.); (S.F.S.D.); (R.T.); (R.M.C.T.); (P.P.M.T.)
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Oliveira ELR, Farha AH, Pinhatti CC, Correia LECDS, Schimming BC. Mandibular morphometry applied to local anaesthetic blockage in the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris). Anat Histol Embryol 2022; 51:633-639. [PMID: 35855624 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Capybaras have been victims of collisions against vehicles, which can result in fractures of the teeth and mandible. Then, a local anaesthetic block of the inferior alveolar and mental nerves is important for performing therapeutic procedures in the oral cavity of these rodents. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the mandibular morphometry of the capybara with emphasis on the establishment of anatomic references for anaesthetic block of the inferior alveolar and mental nerves. For this, mandibles from eight young and adult capybaras were used. Radiography and morphometry of the capybara hemimandible were performed. The mandibular foramen had a dorsoventral diameter of 2.1 mm in young and 2.2 mm in adult capybaras, and it was situated ventrally to the third molar tooth. For extraoral block of the inferior alveolar nerve, the needle should be introduced obliquely 63.5 and 77.4 mm from the angular process in young and adult capybaras, respectively. In another extraoral approach, the needle should be introduced perpendicularly 20.8 mm in young and 26.3 mm in adult animals from the ventral margin of the capybara mandible. For blocking only the mental nerve, the needle should be inserted perpendicularly from the interalveolar margin, 10.7 and 11.5 mm in the young and adult capybaras, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the age group should be taken into account when performing the anaesthetic block of the inferior alveolar and mental nerves in capybaras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton Luís Ritir Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aline Herrera Farha
- Graduate Program in Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Carime Carrera Pinhatti
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Center of Medicine and Research in Wildlife (CEMPAS), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Cruz Dos Santos Correia
- Department of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cesar Schimming
- Graduate Program in Wild Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wildlife Anatomy, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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Ferreira JD, Dozo MT, de Moura Bubadué J, Kerber L. Morphology and postnatal ontogeny of the cranial endocast and paranasal sinuses of capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), the largest living rodent. J Morphol 2021; 283:66-90. [PMID: 34775628 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have analyzed and described the endocranial cavities of caviomorph rodents. However, no study has documented the changes in the morphology and relative size of such cavities during ontogeny. Expecting to contribute to the discussion of the endocranial spaces of extinct caviomorphs, we aimed to characterize the cranial endocast morphology and paranasal sinuses of the largest living rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, by focusing on its ontogenetic growth patterns. We analyzed 12 specimens of different ontogenetic stages and provided a comparison with other cavioids. Our study demonstrates that the adult cranial endocast of H. hydrochaeris is characterized by olfactory bulbs with an irregular shape, showing an elongated olfactory tract without a clear circular fissure, a marked temporal region that makes the endocast with rhombus outline, and gyrencephaly. Some of these traits change as the brain grows. The cranial pneumatization is present in the frontal and lacrimal bones. We identified two recesses (frontal and lacrimal) and one sinus (frontal). These pneumatic cavities increase their volume as the cranium grows, covering the cranial region of the cranial endocast. The encephalization quotient was calculated for each specimen, demonstrating that it decreases as the individual grows, being much higher in younger specimens than in adults. Our results show that the ontogenetic stage can be a confounding factor when it comes to the general patterns of encephalization of extinct rodents, reinforcing the need for paleobiologists to take the age of the specimens into account in future studies on this subject to avoid age-related biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José D Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Dozo
- Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología, CCT CONICET-CENPAT, Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Jamile de Moura Bubadué
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Kerber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Centro de Apoio à Pesquisa Paleontológica da Quarta Colônia, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Coordenação de Ciências da Terra e Ecologia, Belém, Brazil
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Mahdy MAA. Correlation between computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and cross-sectional anatomy of the head of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus, Linnaeus 1758). Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:51-61. [PMID: 34726282 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current work aimed to study the anatomical features of the guinea pig's head by two medical imaging techniques: computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and their correlation with the anatomical cross-sectional images. Six adult healthy guinea pigs were used in the present study. Two heads were imaged by CT scanner and then by MRI. The examined heads were cut sagittally and transversely, and two skulls were macerated. The anatomical features were identified on the anatomical sections and compared with the tomographic and MRI images obtained. Data were presented as three-dimensional reconstructed images of the head. In addition, representative combinations of the sagittal and transverse anatomical sections and the corresponding CT scans and MRI images were also presented. Reconstruction of CT images enabled the visualization of different bony structures and airways of the guinea pig head. In addition, skull bones were easily visualized on CT scans, while different parts of the brain were identified on MRI images. Air cavities could be identified by their different contrast on the CT scans and their low intensity on MRI images. The study showed that guinea pig had poorly developed paranasal sinus system represented by rostral and caudal maxillary sinuses. On the contrary, the guinea pig had two tympanic bullae: a small dorsal and a large ventral bulla. In conclusion, this study provides one of the first investigations that uses the multislice CT scans and MRI to study the guinea pig's head and their correlation with the corresponding anatomical sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Mahdy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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