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Kim S, Nakayama C, Kondoh D, Okazaki T, Yoneda E, Tomita K, Sasaki M, Muranishi Y. Seasonal adaptation of Mangalica pigs in terms of muscle morphology and metabolism. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12982. [PMID: 37811668 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle plays an important role in maintaining body temperature, which is mediated by thermogenesis and glucose or lipid metabolism. Mangalica is a native Hungarian pig that has cold tolerance and can live in grazing environments throughout the year. We evaluated the morphological and genetic aspects of Mangalica using muscle tissues to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the tolerance to seasonal effects in grazing environments. The muscle tissues in each season were analysed using morphological evaluation and electron microscopy. The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle cells in summer was significantly larger than that in winter. The thickness of myofibrils in summer was significantly higher than in winter. The thickness of the Z-line in winter was significantly higher than in summer. The expression of MYH4 and GLUT4 was significantly lower in winter than in summer. The result of ATPase staining indicated significantly increase the muscle fibre ratio of type 1 in winter than that in summer. These findings indicate that the muscle fibre in Mangalica shifts from fast-twitch to slow-twitch fibre, and the metabolic physiology of the muscle was adapted to the cold environment. This study demonstrates that Mangalica gained tolerance to both seasonal heat and cold stresses that are caused by significant changes in ambient temperature in a year because of changes in their muscle fibre type and metabolic function. This study may contribute to elucidating the mechanism of thermogenetic adaptation in cold and heat environments among mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chisato Nakayama
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Okazaki
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Erina Yoneda
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kisaki Tomita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Motoki Sasaki
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuki Muranishi
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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